名詞性從句語法總結(jié)歸納
名詞性從句語法總結(jié)歸納
篇一：高中英語語法總結(jié)-名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
第一節(jié) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
顧名思義，主語從句在句子中作主語。有時(shí)本身出現(xiàn)在主語的位置上，也有時(shí)出于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考慮退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主語it代替。從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般為單數(shù)形式。如:
Tips: 主語從句的that絕對不能省去。因?yàn)榫渥邮遣荒茏鲋髡Z的，故用that引導(dǎo)。若去掉則沒有了主語，而賓語從句的that可省。
主語從句：That he is right is known to all of us.
賓語從句：We all know (that) he is right.
1. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那場電影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我對你成功與否不感興趣。
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗戶。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）
2. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) It is ＋ 名詞 ＋ 從句
It is a fact that … 事實(shí)是…
It is an honor that …非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that …是常識(shí)
(2) It is ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 從句
It is natural that…很自然…
It is strange that…奇怪的是…
(3) It is ＋ 不及物動(dòng)詞 ＋ 從句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It ＋ 過去分詞 ＋ 從句
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道…
It has been proved that…已證實(shí)…
It is said that… 據(jù)說…
3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：
（1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
�。�2）It is said /reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：
正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
�。�3）It happens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：
正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.
�。�4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：
正確表達(dá)：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
�。�5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：
正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely
4. what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如：
a) What you said yesterday is right.
b) That she is still alive is a consolation
賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后。
1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語
(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通�？梢允÷�), 例如：
I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。
(3) 動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：
She told她對我說她會(huì)接受我的邀請。
2. 作介詞的賓語，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。
3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。
4. it 可以作為形式賓語
it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個(gè)朋就會(huì)結(jié)婚了。
5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞
這類動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：
正確表達(dá)：I admire their winning the match.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動(dòng)詞
有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order(命令), accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce（公開指責(zé)）, advise, congratulate等。例如：
正確表達(dá)：He impressed the manager as an honest man.
錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移
若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy（想象）, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。
三．【表語從句】
表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語從句”�？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain（留下、保持、依然）, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that�？墒÷�。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。
1. 同位語從句的功能
同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
（1）. 同位語從句和定語從句相似，二者都有先行詞。同位語從句是對先行詞的進(jìn)一步陳述，和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系，含義相同。定語從句是對先行詞的修飾或限制。
�。�2）. 同位語從句表示先行詞的內(nèi)容是什么，進(jìn)一步說明先行詞。定語從句與先行詞之間是所屬關(guān)系，表示“ …的 ” ，起修飾作用。
（3）. 同位語從句的“ that ” 不能省略。定語從句的關(guān)系代詞“ that ” 在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。
�。�4） 同位語從句的先行詞是一個(gè)含有概念的抽象名詞，從句對這一概念進(jìn)行展開或說明。
1.正確使用同位語從句的關(guān)連詞； 2.正確運(yùn)用同位語從句的先行詞； 3.能正確認(rèn)識(shí)并正確翻譯同位語從句。 同位語從句和定語從句比較練習(xí)
1. I heard about the news that he got a full mark in this examination.（同位語從句）
2. This is good news that I heard from Mary. （定語從句）
3. He can’t answer the question how he got the money. （同位語從句）
4. This is an easy question that he answered in class. （定語從句）
通過以上介紹，我們可以看出，四種名詞性從句都需要有一個(gè)連接性詞在從句的開頭。這個(gè)詞是什么性質(zhì)，要看它在從句中作作的成分，如果作的是主語、賓語、表語的話，這個(gè)詞就是連接代詞；如果作的是各種狀語，就叫連接副詞；如果不作任何成分，就叫連接詞。
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 ：
連接詞 that, if, whether
連接代詞： who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever
連接副詞 when, where, how, why
第二節(jié) 考點(diǎn)分類解析
【考點(diǎn)一：語序問題】
名詞性從句的語序：永遠(yuǎn)陳述語氣。即名詞性從句中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)助動(dòng)詞提前的現(xiàn)象。如：
Who he is doesn’t matter much.
When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.
I don’t know what his name is.
I don’t know what is wrong with him. = I don’t know what is the matter with him.
You can’t imagine how excited I was at that time.
Can you tell me what size shoes you wear
No one can be sure ______ in a million years. （MET1991）
A. what will man look like
C. man will look like what B. what man will look like D. what look will man like
【考點(diǎn)二：that和what的區(qū)別問題】
能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八個(gè)。為何單獨(dú)講what的用法呢？重要！在考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率高！在本書第一章《定語從句》中，我們提到過，what是不能引導(dǎo)定語從句的。定語從句中如果缺少的成分是主語、賓語、表語，我們選擇的是關(guān)系代詞that或其他�，F(xiàn)在山頭換了，到了名詞性從句的知識(shí)范圍了。What在名詞性從句中就很有用武之地了。還是分析成分，what 在從句中作的主語、賓語、表語。而that只是一個(gè)“連接詞”，既不作什么成分，也沒有什么意義。如:
What you did doesn’t agree with what you promised.
What he couldn’t understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him.
The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession.
What we can’t get always seems better than what we have already got.
I think that your composition is no better than his.
That you don’t love her is not my business.
What we have seen is different from _______.
A. we heardB. we have heard C. what we heard D. what we have heard
答案：D。我們應(yīng)該可以看出這是個(gè)賓語從句。從句中hear是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，缺少賓語。所以，應(yīng)該選有what引導(dǎo)的從句。而不能是that或者省略了that的情況。
I couldn’t agree with ______ at the meeting.
A. that you said B. which you said C. all what you said D. what you said
答案：Ｄ。與上一題相同，這也是一個(gè)考查賓語從句的題目。從句中的say是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，缺少賓語。所以，應(yīng)該選擇what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。但是，這個(gè)題目最容易錯(cuò)的選項(xiàng)是Ｃ。 因?yàn)橛行┩瑢W(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為all是先行詞，而后面時(shí)what引導(dǎo)的定語從句。但是，what是不引導(dǎo)定語從句的。所以，Ｃ根本就是不存在的。
【考點(diǎn)三：that和whether的區(qū)別問題】
有時(shí)候，它們兩個(gè)比較難以區(qū)別，因?yàn)�，它們都是連接詞，都在從句中不作成分。但是，它們之間最大的區(qū)別在于“意義”。即that在從句中既不作成分，也沒有自己的意義；而whether就不同了。它雖然不在從句中作什么成分，但是它又意義，即“是否”。這就能夠左右從句的意思，使從句所表達(dá)的意思變成一個(gè)還沒有確定的因素。如：
I don’t know whether he can join us or not.
I’m sure that he can join us.
It is none of your business whether I love her.
It is none of your business that I don’t love her.
綜上所述，區(qū)分that還是whether，重要一點(diǎn)就是看主句需要從句表達(dá)一個(gè)什么意思，是確定的，還是不確定的；是事實(shí)還是疑問。前者選that，后者選whether。如：
I have no doubt _____ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.
A. that B. whether C. why D. when
No one can be sure _____ the board will accept our conditions.
A. that B. whether C. why D. what
【考點(diǎn)四：if和whether的區(qū)別問題】
二者在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)都有“是否”之意。但并不是永遠(yuǎn)可以互換。一般認(rèn)為，二者可以互換的環(huán)境也只有在賓語從句中。如：
He didn’t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.
篇二：高中英語語法重中之重-----名詞性從句及時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
一，名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：
連詞：that（無任何詞意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分
連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever
連接副詞：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often
不可省略的連詞：
1. 介詞后的連詞
2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.
比較：whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，只可用whether：
1. whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句 3. whether從句作介詞賓語4. 從句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當(dāng)形式主語。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二. 主語從句
1、作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。
有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：
（1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬
語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
2、第一部分：常規(guī)主語從句，即句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語
主語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。
�。�1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
�。�3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
�。�4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
�。�5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
（6）Whatever you did is right.
�。�7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.
�。�8）What we need is time.
�。�9）What we need are good doctors.
小結(jié):（1)引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)連詞位于句首不能省略
�。�3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三單,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分：為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語擱置于句末
�。�1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
�。�3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
�。�4）It is strange that he should do that.
�。�5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
�。�6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
�。�7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
�。�8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
�。�10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
�。�11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
�。�12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小結(jié):（1)以that 引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導(dǎo). It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動(dòng)詞ed + that 從句.（2) 在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.
3、主語從句的用法
主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
2. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) It is ＋名詞＋從句
It is a fact that … 事實(shí)是… It is an honor that …非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that …是常識(shí)
(2) it is ＋形容詞＋從句
It is natural that… 很自然…It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it ＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句
It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it is＋過去分詞＋從句
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道…It has been proved that… 已證實(shí)…
3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1) if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(5) 含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening
4. What 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.
三、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。
1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d. 從句后有“or not”時(shí)；e. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test現(xiàn)在的問題是她是否應(yīng)該有一個(gè)低意見的測試？ Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們
是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay你能否告訴我是去還是留？
4. 注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）
he studied English last term. （從句用一般過去時(shí)）
I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時(shí)）
he has studied English since 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ�。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如�?/p>
We don’t think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。
6.時(shí)態(tài)：1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。2.主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
3.主句用過去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
7.賓語從句的連接詞
從屬連詞：連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.
He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試.
連接代詞：連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone
你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎
連接副詞：連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.
8.動(dòng)詞的賓語從句
大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的.
部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip
你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎
動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句
常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.
可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句
�、賱�(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將
that賓語從句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非常遺憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.
�、谟行﹦�(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it
這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.
�、廴糍e語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.
9.介詞的賓語從句
用wh-類的介詞賓語從句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句
有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.
10.形容詞的賓語從句
常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.
11.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別
�、� if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if② 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④ 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。）⑤ 避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.
12.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that
1.當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);2.當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí);3.當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí);4.當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);5.當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略;6.當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí);7.當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí);8.當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí);9.當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí);10.在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓
篇三：英語名詞性從句知識(shí)歸納
名詞性從句知識(shí)歸納
名詞性從句是指在句子中相當(dāng)于名詞的從句，主要包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句不是修飾性從句，而是復(fù)合句中的主干。 （主語從句） I know . （賓語從句） The question is . （表語從句）
The fact is really a great problem. （同位語從句）
一、賓語從句---及物動(dòng)詞、介詞、部分形容詞（certain, sure, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, satisfied等）后
e.g. I believe (that不充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的任何成分，一般情況可省略) I’m glad (that不充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的任何成分) He doesn’t care (if/whether不充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的任何成分) Please tell me (what充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的賓語)
She always thinks of (how充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的狀語)
I don’t believe (whatever充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的賓語，意為“任何事”) I’ll take to go. (whoever從當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的主語，意為“任何人”)
【賓語從句要點(diǎn)拓展】1. that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)一般可以省略，若由and或or連接兩個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)從句中的that可以省略，而第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省略。
e.g. He told me and
2. whether和if引導(dǎo)賓語從句一般可以互換使用，但以下情況只能使用whether
(1) whether可與or not連用 e.g.
(2) 介詞賓語從句要用whether e.g. I don’t care about
(3) that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句只能放于in, except, besides和but四個(gè)介詞后
e.g. The Swede stood still, except
3. 轉(zhuǎn)移否定---當(dāng)主句是 I/ We think (believe, consider, expect, suppose, guess, imagine) 時(shí)，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把從句中的否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 e.g. I don’t suppose 4. 時(shí)態(tài)問題---賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)常受到主句時(shí)態(tài)影響，若主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)；若主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句一般用過去的某種形式，如：一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
e.g. I know
We believed
The teacher told us The teacher told us
5. 一種特殊類型的賓語從句---在這種句子里do you think等意為插入語，但實(shí)為主句，因此余下部分應(yīng)用陳述語序
余下部分e.g. do you guess do you think
二、主語從句---位于句首，常用it做形式主語
e.g. 不充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的任何成分，不可省略)
(whether不充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的任何成分，不能用if)
(what充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的賓語)
is still unknown. (who充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的主語)
(where充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的狀語)
(whatever充當(dāng)從句內(nèi)的賓語)
is known to us(it為形式主語，代替how引導(dǎo)的主語從句)
【主語從句要點(diǎn)拓展】1. it做形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) It’s a pity/ a shame/ an honor/ a fact/ no wonder/ common sense/ good news that… 遺憾的是（榮耀的是、事實(shí)是、難怪是、常識(shí)是，好消息是……）
e.g. It is a pity
(2) It’s clear/ right/ true/ certain/ necessary/ (un) likely/ important/ (im) possible/ obvious/ remarkable that………很清楚（正確，必要，重要，可能，值得注意等) e.g. It is likely
(3) It is well-known/ reported/ recorded/ estimated/ said/ believed that…
眾所周知（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)記載，據(jù)估計(jì)，據(jù)說，據(jù)人們相信)…
e.g. It is said
(4) It turns out/ seems/ appears/ happens/ matters…) that…
結(jié)果是……（似乎是, 碰巧是, 重要的是……）
e.g. It happened (to me)
2. it做形式主語與it is(was)… that…強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的區(qū)分
e.g. It is a pity the murder took place.
解題方法：將it is/was… that 去掉，看余下部分是否完整，若完整即為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式；反之為it作形式主語。
三、表語從句---系動(dòng)詞后（常見系動(dòng)詞：be, look, remain, seem, appear等） e.g. The problem is .
The question isIt looks The question is What he wants to get is This is That is 四、同位語從句---抽象名詞后（從句對抽象名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或解釋說明抽象名詞的內(nèi)容） e.g. The news spread all over the world.
The thought came to him He must answer the question
I have no idea
名詞性從句高考趨勢與考察重點(diǎn)
一、語序問題---名詞性從句內(nèi)部一律使用陳述語序
注意以下句子：
e.g. I don’t know I have no idea Could you tell us
二、從句中的虛擬語氣問題
1. 主語從句：
(1) It is important/ natural/ necessary/ essential/ strange/ that … (should) do…
(2) It is suggested/ advised/ demanded/ ordered/ requested that … (should) do… It is suggested 2. 賓語從句：在表示“命令、要求、建議、決定”等意義的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句常用“（should）+ do”
【insist（堅(jiān)持），order, urge, command（命令），require, request, demand（要求），advise, suggest, propose, recommend（建議）】
e.g. The commander ordered that
The doctor suggested that
3. 表語從句：當(dāng)主句的主語為order, command, requirement, request, demand, advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation等名詞時(shí)，表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“ (should) do”的形式。
4. 同位語從句：用于解釋order, command, requirement, request, demand, advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation等名詞的同位語從句中常用“(should) do”結(jié)構(gòu) e.g. English teachers give advice 三、連接詞的選擇問題
1. doubt---doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
e.g. I doubtI don’t doubt The doctor’s doubt is． I have no doubt
2. sure---be sure用于肯定句或疑問句時(shí)，后接 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
e.g. I’m sure Are you sure
I’m not sure 3. 主語是reason時(shí)，表語要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because：
e.g. The reason why he was late was 4. what和that--- that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，不含疑問意義，而what在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語，且含有疑問意義。
e.g. got the classmates laughing. helps him a lot in his job.
=5. 連接詞wh-和wh-ever選擇---前者表示一個(gè)特指概念，引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句含有疑問意義； 后者表示一個(gè)泛指概念，意為“任何”，引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語從句。
e.g. It was a matter of Sarah hopes to become a friend of
(=anyone who shares her interests.)
They will do
6. This/ That is why…和This/ That is because…
e.g. The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way.
→He came late. That’s because his car broke down.
→His car broke down on the half way. That’s why he came late.
7. 幾個(gè)特殊句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 China has joined the WTO. （主語從句，it做形式主語） China has joined the WTO. （as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）（主語從句和表語從句）
四、it的問題
1. it做形式主語（注意與強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的辨別）
e.g. It was my fault
It is important 2. it做形式賓語
(V可以為make, find, feel, think, believe, consider , guess, suppose等) e.g. I think She has made clear 【固定結(jié)構(gòu)】take it for granted that… 認(rèn)為…是理所當(dāng)然的
see to it that… 一定注意到…，務(wù)必…
I hate/ dislike it when…我討厭…時(shí)… e.g. Some students take it for granted Will you please see to it
I hate it 五、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)分 e.g. The idea ．（同位語從句，that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，不可省略，從句具體說明idea的內(nèi)容）。
The idea is wrong．(定語從句，that代替idea
The suggestion The suggestion 【名詞性從句的解題思路】：高考中考查名詞性從句時(shí)，經(jīng)�？疾檫B接詞的選用。解題時(shí)應(yīng)先判斷從句的類型，然后判斷從句是否缺少成分以及意義是否完整，最后根據(jù)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞的特點(diǎn)確定特定的連接詞。
在從句中做put forward的賓語，that可以省略)。
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