【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)
1．conclude vt. vi.得出結(jié)論，斷定；結(jié)束；達(dá)成
What do you conclude from the facts?
We concluded an agreement with the enemy and soon made peace.
conclusion n.結(jié)論；結(jié)束；結(jié)尾；鑒定
come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出結(jié)論
2．set down記下，寫下
He tried to set his ideas down.
At the beginning of his letter Dan set down the date.
含set的短語(yǔ)：
set about著手做某事，set an example樹(shù)立榜樣，set aside放在一邊擱置，set free釋放，set off動(dòng)身，出發(fā)，set out動(dòng)身，出發(fā)，開(kāi)始做……，set up豎起來(lái)，建立，set sail to/from/for…起航
3．fade vi.凋謝，褪色；（聲音）變?nèi)�，vt.使褪色
Will the color in this material fade?
Sunlight faded my curtains.
The custom is fading.
4．inspect vt.檢查，視察，察看 inspection n.
The detective inspected the room for fingerprints.
All food shops should be inspected regularly.
carry out frequent inspections進(jìn)行經(jīng)常性檢查
inspector檢查員，巡視員，視察員，督學(xué)
5．confirm vt.證實(shí)，確定；確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)
What you say confirms my opinion.
The government confirmed me in my possession of the land.
Can you confirm that you?ll be able to attend?
6．burst into cheers爆發(fā)出歡呼聲
burst vi.爆裂，突然發(fā)作，n.爆裂（炸），裂口
My shopping bag burst as I was leaving the supermarket.
On hearing the news， she burst into tears.
相關(guān)表達(dá)：burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑
burst into song/bloom/view/sight突然唱起歌來(lái)/開(kāi)花/景觀（奇觀）突然出現(xiàn)
7．familiar adj.熟悉的；精通的；親密的
sth./sb. be familiar to sb.某物/人為某人所熟悉
sb. be familiar with sth./sb.某人熟悉某物/與某人親密
8．center on將某人（物）當(dāng)作中心或重點(diǎn)
concentrate on專心致志于
類似短語(yǔ)：
attend on侍候……，看護(hù)……，照料；call on訪問(wèn)，號(hào)召；depend on取決于……，依……而定；feed on以……為食；fix one?s eyes on盯住……；go on繼續(xù)；keep on堅(jiān)持……；live on靠……生活；look on (sb as)看待（作）……
9．bring up教育，養(yǎng)育；提出，引出；嘔吐
bring up the question提出問(wèn)題
He was brought up by his uncle.
She brought up all the food she had eaten.
歸納：bring in獲利，賺，引進(jìn)；bring about帶來(lái)，引起；bring down使……降低
二、詞義辨析
1．place, station, situation, position, post與site
（1）place位置；是意思極廣的慣熟用語(yǔ)。
（2）station位置；指事物被放置的場(chǎng)所。
（3）situation［英］位置；大體與position同義，指事物被放置的狀態(tài)，轉(zhuǎn)義而表示境遇、地位等，特指書(shū)記、教師、家仆等雇員的地位或位置。
如：
The hotel stands in a good situation.這旅館位于一個(gè)很好的位置。
（4）position［美］位置；stuation指物的位置與其他物的關(guān)系，position指物自己的位置，不含比較。
如：
the position of a city on a map城市在地圖上的位置
（5）post位置，職位；指負(fù)有一定職務(wù)的地位
（6）site位置；指建筑物、都會(huì)等的位置
2．such as, for example與namely
such as用于列舉，往往不能事物全部列出�？梢砸浴懊~+such as+被列舉的事物”和“such+名詞+as+被列舉的事物”形式出現(xiàn)。
fox example用于舉例說(shuō)明，可以用于句首、句中、名末，往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)for example和被列舉的事物。
namely用于列舉，名詞前使用具體數(shù)字說(shuō)明，并把事物一一列出。
Writers such as Lu Xun and Ba Jin are well瞜nown to all.
像魯迅、巴金這樣的作家是眾所周知的。
I have never seen such a bright student as she/her.
我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)像她這樣聰明的學(xué)生。
He is fluent in several foreign languages, for example, French and Spanish.
他精通幾種外語(yǔ)，如：漢語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)。
Only one person can do the job, namely you.
惟獨(dú)一人能夠做這事，那就是你。
三、重點(diǎn)句型
1．Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
雖然這項(xiàng)記錄令人難忘,但阿姆斯特朗與疾病抗?fàn)幍墓适卤人钊瞬毮俊?/p>
Impressive as the record is 是個(gè)倒裝句，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于though引導(dǎo)的正常語(yǔ)序的狀語(yǔ)從句。
如：
Tired as he was, he sat up late.（= Though he was tired, he sat up late.）
他雖然疲倦，可仍然很晚才睡。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但他知道的事情很多。
2．He took possession of it in the name of the British Crown.
他以英國(guó)女王的名義占領(lǐng)了它。
（1）take/get/gain possession of 拿到，占有；占領(lǐng)
They took possession of the castle quickly
他們迅速占領(lǐng)了城堡
Possession n.擁有，占有；所有物，財(cái)產(chǎn)，領(lǐng)土
be in possession of擁有； be in the possession of (某物)為（某人）所有
（2）in the name of 以……的名義類似表達(dá)有：
under the name of 以……的名字，by name 名叫……, by the name of 名叫……的；以……之名，
如：
I only know her by name .我知道她的名字。
He goes by the name of Jack. 大家都叫他杰克。
She attended the lecture under the name of her sister.
她以她姐姐的名字參加了演講。
3．…as members of a British team, were the first to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma.
…作為英國(guó)登山隊(duì)的隊(duì)員，是首次成功登上珠峰的人。
（1）不定式to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾the first, 又如the last to leave。通常不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的名詞之間是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此不定式應(yīng)用及物動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式，不及物動(dòng)詞要搭配相應(yīng)介詞。
如：
She refused to go to the ball because she had no jewellery to wear
她沒(méi)有任何首飾可佩戴，因此拒絕參加舞會(huì)。
They had only a little room to live in
他們住在一間小屋子里。
（2）make it(口語(yǔ))做成，成功；達(dá)到目的，設(shè)法安排。
-Can you catch the train ?
-I hope I can make it.
四、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)
1．主語(yǔ)
（一）主語(yǔ)的定義
主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體。主語(yǔ)一般位于句首，但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。
（二）主語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式
主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。
（1）名詞
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
20世紀(jì)90年代，美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)越來(lái)越流行。
Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.張教授是著名的科學(xué)家。
（2）代詞
We often speak English in class.我們經(jīng)常在課堂上說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
Who is the man standing over there?站在那里的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？
（3）數(shù)詞
One third of the students in this class are girls.這個(gè)班1/3的學(xué)生是女生。
Two times five is ten.2乘5等于10。
（4）不定式
To swim in the Lijang River is a great pleasure.在漓江里游泳是非常愉快的事。
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一門外語(yǔ)是必要的。
（5）動(dòng)名詞
Smoking does harm to the health.吸煙對(duì)健康有害。
Playing football in the street is dangerous.在街上踢足球是危險(xiǎn)的。
（6）名詞化的形容詞
The rich should help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。
In new China the old are living a happy life.在新中國(guó)，老年人正過(guò)著幸福的生活。
（7）從句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我們還沒(méi)有決定什么時(shí)候舉行英語(yǔ)測(cè)驗(yàn)。
Whether he?ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否參加我們的討論是很重要的。
（8）it作形式主語(yǔ)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一門外語(yǔ)是有必要的。
It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危險(xiǎn)的。
It is a pity that he cannot swim.他不會(huì)游泳真遺憾。
2．謂語(yǔ)
（一）謂語(yǔ)的定義
謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。
（二）謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成
1．簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)
由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。
He practises running every morning.他每天早晨練習(xí)跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin.昨天下午他到了桂林。
She takes good care of her sick mother.她仔細(xì)照料她那生病的母親。
He has got rid of his bad habit.他已經(jīng)改掉了他的壞習(xí)慣。
2．復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)
（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成
You may keep the book for two weeks.這本書(shū)你可以借兩周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading瞨oom.
你最好不要把這本雜志拿出閱覽室。
He has caught a bad cold. He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒。他必須去看醫(yī)生。
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.她似乎不喜歡跳舞。
We are going to call on him tonight.我們打算今晚去拜訪他。
（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成
We are students.我們是學(xué)生。
He looked a bit excited.他看上去有點(diǎn)激動(dòng)。
【考點(diǎn)透視 考例精析】
[考例1] It’s ten years since the scientist ______ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A．made for B．set out C．took off D．turned up
[解析] B考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析。set out on sth著手做某事，take off脫下（衣物），從……取下……，（飛機(jī)）起飛等，turn up出席，露面，make for為“可造成，可成為，有好處”的意思，本單元有make for。
[考例2] He accidentally ______ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A．let out B．took care C．made sure D．made out
[解析] A 考查動(dòng)詞詞組。let out泄露，take care當(dāng)心,make sure保證，make out認(rèn)出，理解。
[考例3] _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of
[解析] A 本題考查介詞知識(shí)。選項(xiàng)中只有with可以跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此句中two exams為賓語(yǔ)，不定式to worry about為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
[考例4] In ______ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A．traditional B．historic C．remote D．initial
[解析] A traditional傳統(tǒng)的，historic歷史的，歷史意義的，remote遙遠(yuǎn)的，長(zhǎng)久的，initial原始的，最初的，只有A項(xiàng)滿足句意。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
一、據(jù)首字母（漢語(yǔ)提示）填詞，完成句子。
1．Hold ______ (緊), the plane is to drive.
2．The storekeeper h ______ ten girls for the Christmas rush.
3．My salary is paid into my bank ______(帳戶).
4．We are f______ by that film.
5．With your ______ (同意) we will take the first train.
6．He analysed the ______ (各種各樣的) factors.
7．His information was ______(準(zhǔn)確).
8．He gave me an apple in e______ for a cake.
9．I am p______ by his surprising attitude after hearing his words.
10． His ten years in America laid the ______(基礎(chǔ)) of his career.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1． I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into ______ when judging my examination.
A．regard B．a(chǎn)ccount C．counting D．observation
2．The police _______ every object in the room for fingerprints.
A．insulted B． inspired C．inspected D．insulated
3．It is more difficult for a(n) ______ smoker to give up the habit than for a novice (新手，初學(xué)者) but it can be done.
A．a(chǎn)brupt B．confirmed C．beginning D．disciplined
4．He did not show any ______ for our new plans.
A．enthusiasm B．enthusiast C．enthusiastic D． enthusiastically
5．Mr Snow ______ $ 1000 for the horse, so I had to give up.
A． bid B．spend C．expended D．a(chǎn)pproached
6．He thought that ______ .
A． the effort doing the job was not worth
B．the effort was not worth in doing the job
C． it was not worth the effort doing the job
D． it was not worth the effort by doing the job
7．My money ______. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.
A．has run out B．is running out
C．has been run out D． is being run out
8．This regulation doesn’t ______ you, so don’t worry about it.
A．indicate B． appoint C．a(chǎn)pprove D． concern
9．It is impossible to say with any degree of ______ how many are affected.
A．reality B．a(chǎn)ccuracy C．exaction D．emergency
10．Many difficulties have ______ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.
A． risen B．a(chǎn)risen C． raised D．a(chǎn)rrived
【能力拓展】
閱讀下面短文掌握其大意，然后從短文各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (題目)，“The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面條)” caught my eye. The word “spaghetti” brought back the 1 of an evening at Uncle Alien?s in Belleville 2 ll of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 3 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外來(lái)的) treat in 4 days. Never had I eaten Spaghetti, and 5 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 6 it. What laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving Spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for Mr Fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 , I would write, something else.
When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for Mr Fledgc. There was no choice next morning but to 14 my work. Two days passed before Mr Fledge returned the 15 papers. He said, “Now, class, I want to read you a composition, The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”
My words! He was reading my words out 16 to the whole class. 17 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open瞙earted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 18 , but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 19 my words had the power to make people 20 .
1． A．memory B．thought C．knowledge D．experience
2． A．when B．where C．since D．a(chǎn)fter
3． A． cooked B．served C．got D．made
4． A．their B．past C．last D．those
5． A．none B．one C．some D．neither
6． A．careful about B．good at C．fond of D．interested in
7． A．speeches B．lessons C．sayings D．a(chǎn)rguments
8． A．nearly B．naturally C．officially D．socially
9． A．Especially B．Probably C．Suddenly D．Fortunately
10．A．settle B．put C．bite D．let
11．A．work B．story C．luck D．joy
12．A．However B．Therefore C．As for him D．Except for that
13．A．time B．excuse C．way D．idea
14．A．give up B．continue C． hand in D．delay
15．A．written B．graded C． collected D．signed
16． A．loud B．fast C． publicly D．calmly
17． A． People B． Nobody C． Somebody D．I
18． A．shock B．wonder C． worry D． pleasure
19． A．if B． for C．while D． although
20． A． excited B． satisfied C． think D． Laugh
參考答案
高三部分
Units 1-2 (B3)
基礎(chǔ)演練
一、1．tight 2．hired 3．a(chǎn)ccount 4．fascinated 5．permission 6．various
7．a(chǎn)ccurate 8．rxchange 9． puzzled 10．foundation
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
參考答案及解析：
1-5 AABDA 6-10 BDDCB 11-15 DCACB 16-20 ACDBD
1． A“Spaghetti”這個(gè)詞使他想起了以前吃面條的事，所以用memory。
2． A when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的evening，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”。
3． B 那天晚上作者和其他一些親屬坐在桌邊吃AuntPat所做的面條，此時(shí)的面條是端到餐桌上了，故用served。serve有“端上（飯菜）”之意。
4． D“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”或“在那些日子”用in those days。
5． A
6． B作者從未吃過(guò)意大利面條，而在座的成年人也都不擅長(zhǎng)／沒(méi)吃過(guò)，所以才有下文有關(guān)怎樣吃意大利面條以及令人發(fā)笑的爭(zhēng)論。
7． D上句提到?jīng)]有吃意大利面條的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因而大家才會(huì)爭(zhēng)論怎樣吃，所以填arguments。
8． D吃東西的方式和舉止要得體，要符合一定的社會(huì)文化，所以填socially。
9． C文章開(kāi)頭提到SPaghetti一詞使作者想起過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷，填suddenly表思緒的突然過(guò)渡。
10．B
11．D“把……寫下來(lái)／記下來(lái)”用“put sth．down”。寫下這一經(jīng)歷自己欣賞和享用，故用“joy”。
12．C上文說(shuō)自己要寫吃意大利面條的經(jīng)歷，寫下來(lái)自己留著享用，不給作文老師。作文是要交的，那么就寫點(diǎn)別的給他吧。“As for him”可譯為“至于他嘛”。
13．A寫完那篇文章，到了半夜了(自己還要睡覺(jué))，也就沒(méi)有時(shí)間寫準(zhǔn)備上交的作文了。
14．C別無(wú)選擇，只好“上交”(原本打算留給自己的)作品�！癶and in”是“上交”的意思。上交了但作品還是自己的，故不算放棄。不選A。B和D離題較遠(yuǎn)。
15． B老師把作文收上去，過(guò)了兩天發(fā)下來(lái)，那么這兩天老師把作文批改，給分(或定個(gè)等級(jí))，作文也就是“被給過(guò)等級(jí)”的作文了。
16． A老師極為欣賞作者的作文，所以把它朗讀給全班，故選A。C項(xiàng)有干擾性，但“publicly”與“to the whole class”重復(fù)，不可選。
17．C因故事有趣，有人先笑了，接著全班都開(kāi)懷大笑。
18．D自己的作文得到老師和同學(xué)們的欣賞，自然高興，但不能顯露自己的得意，所以填pleasure。
19．B雖盡量不顯示自己的得意，但心中還是充滿了快樂(lè)，因?yàn)樽约旱淖髌纺苁谷碎_(kāi)懷一笑。所以填for，是表原因的并列連詞。
20．D從全文可知，使人發(fā)出笑聲，而不是使人興奮/滿意/思考。排除其他選項(xiàng)。