東北育才學(xué)校：趙志強(qiáng)
Unit 11 Scientific Achievements
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. likely adj. 很可能的,預(yù)期的
John is likely to be in London this autumn.
今年秋天約翰可能在倫敦。
It is likely that the main lecturer will be late. 主講人很可能遲到。
2. overseas adv.1. 在(或向)海外;在(或向)國(guó)外
Studying overseas is very popular now. 在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)很流行。
adj. (在)海外的;(在)國(guó)外的
an overseas market 國(guó)外市場(chǎng)
3. rely on 依靠，依賴(lài)
You can't rely on the weather. 這天氣可靠不住。
You may rely on me to help you. 你可以信賴(lài)我會(huì)幫助你的。
4. locate vt .把...設(shè)置在,使...坐落于,找出…的位置
The company located its branch office in the suburbs.該公司把它的分公司設(shè)在郊區(qū)。
The museum is located on Main Street. 博物館位于梅茵街。
The police are trying to locate the missing man. 警方正設(shè)法查明那個(gè)失蹤者的下落。
5. announce vt.宣布,發(fā)布
The vote was completed. The chairman announced the result.
投票完畢。主席宣布了結(jié)果。
6. have …in common 共同的;共有的
Those two have something in common.兩者有共同之處。
Unit 12 Fact and Fantasy
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. voyage n. 航海,航行, 太空旅行
The voyage from America to France used to take two months. 從美國(guó)到法國(guó)的航行過(guò)去要花二個(gè)月時(shí)間。
2. throw light upon 闡明某事，使某事顯得非常清楚
Their discovery throw new light upon an old scientific controversy. 他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)闡明了一個(gè)古老的科學(xué)爭(zhēng)論。
3. hesitate vi. 躊躇;猶豫
Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once.
對(duì)于那件事不要再猶豫了。馬上去做吧。
4. horror n. 恐怖,震驚,毛骨悚然
She sat motionlessly with horror.
她驚恐地呆坐著。
Adj. 引起恐怖的
Children should not see the horror movie. 兒童不該看恐怖電影。
5. remind vt. 提醒;使想起（常用搭配：remind sb of sth, remind sb to do sth, remind sb that）
I reminded Gerald of his promise. 我提醒吉羅德他曾許下的諾言。
6. consider vt. 考慮,細(xì)想(常用搭配：consider doing sth)
We're considering moving to Seattle. 我們考慮搬往西雅圖。
認(rèn)為;把...視為 (常用搭配：consider sb/sth to be /as….)
Jean considered herself (to be) very lucky.
瓊認(rèn)為自己非常幸運(yùn)。
7. set up, set out, set off
Set up 建立 set out 出發(fā),開(kāi)始 set off 出發(fā)去
A new government was set up after the war.新政府于戰(zhàn)后成立。
They set out at dawn. 他們黎明時(shí)分出發(fā)。
They set off for Denver. 他們出發(fā)去丹佛。
Unit 13 The Water Planet
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. benefit n.利益,好處;優(yōu)勢(shì)
The new hospital will be a great benefit to the town.
新建成的醫(yī)院將給全城帶來(lái)莫大好處。
vt. 對(duì)...有益,有益于
The sea air will benefit you. 海邊的空氣對(duì)你有益。
vi. 得益,受惠（常用搭配：benefit from…）
We benefited greatly by this frank talk. 這次坦率的談話(huà)使我們獲益匪淺。
2. available adj. 可用的,在手邊的;可利用的
The swimming pool is available only in summer.
這個(gè)游泳池只在夏天開(kāi)放。
3. range vi. 平行; 列成一行,綿亙, 延伸
The shabby houses used to range along the road. 過(guò)去這路邊破敗的房子排成行。
The road ranges westward from the lake. 這條路由湖邊向西延伸。
(在一定范圍內(nèi)) 變動(dòng), 變化
The temperature ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade. 溫度在攝氏三十度與四十度之間�！�
4. take advantage of利用, 欺騙;占...的便宜
He took advantage of the good weather to go for a walk.
他趁著天氣好,出去散散步。
He has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是占我的便宜。
5. survive . vt. 在...之后仍然生存,從...中逃生
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 這次飛機(jī)失事只有兩名乘客幸免于死。
vi. 活下來(lái),幸存;殘留
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后極少有人生還。
6. incredible 不能相信的,不可信的,難以置信的
The plot of the book is incredible. 這本書(shū)的情節(jié)叫人難以相信。
7. dissolve vt./vi. 分解 . (使)溶解;(使)融化
Water dissolves salt. 水溶解鹽。
Sugar dissolves in water. 糖溶于水。
8. medium手段,工具
English is not the usual medium of instruction in our school.英語(yǔ)不是我校通常使用的教學(xué)語(yǔ)言。
新聞媒介,傳播媒介
A good deal of adult education is accomplished by the mass media.成人教育的相當(dāng)一部分是由大眾傳播媒介完成的。
Unit 14 Freedom Fighters
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. join vt. 參加;作...的成員
I'll persuade him to join our club.我將勸他加入我們的俱樂(lè)部。
連結(jié);使結(jié)合
He joined the two pieces of wood together with glue.他用膠水將這兩塊木料粘在一起。
2. forbid vt. 禁止,不許 (常用搭配：forbid doing, forbid sb to do )
The new law forbids smoking in offices.新法律禁止在辦公室抽煙。
Their father forbade them to go.他們的父親禁止他們?nèi)ァ?/p>
3. set an example to 樹(shù)立榜樣
She arrived at the office early to set an example to
the others. 她很早就來(lái)到辦公室,作為他人的表率。
4. boycott vt. 聯(lián)合抵制;拒絕參加(或購(gòu)買(mǎi)等);
They boycotted the meeting. 他們拒絕參加那個(gè)會(huì)議。
n.聯(lián)合抵制;拒絕參加
We put the production under a boycott. 我們聯(lián)合抵制該商品。
5. inspire vt.鼓舞,激勵(lì),驅(qū)使,賦予...靈感,給...以啟示
His speech inspired us to try again. 他的演講鼓舞了我們?cè)僮鲊L試。
The beautiful scenery inspired the composer. 美麗的景色使作曲家靈思泉涌。
6. believe in 與believe 的區(qū)別
Believe in : 信任； believe : 相信
I don't believe a single word he
says. 他的話(huà)我一句也不信。
We believe in him. 我們信任他。
7. judge vt. 裁判;評(píng)定;裁決
You can't judge a book by its cover. 你不能根據(jù)封面來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)一本書(shū)。
Judging by/from what he said, he seems to have interviewed the chairman. 根據(jù)他所說(shuō)的判斷，他似乎已經(jīng)會(huì)見(jiàn)過(guò)主席了。
8. act vt.扮演
He acted Othello at the Royal Theater that evening. 那天晚上他在皇家劇院扮演奧賽羅。
vi. 行動(dòng), 舉止,表現(xiàn)
We should act immediately. 我們應(yīng)該立即行動(dòng)。
I don't think she acted right. 我認(rèn)為她做得欠妥。
語(yǔ)法快遞 復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的不同而變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下：
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are+V(p.p)
人們利用電能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)器。Electricity is used to run machines.
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were + V(p.p)
昨天我們?cè)谏狡律戏N了許多樹(shù)。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.
3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall +be+V(p.p)
下星期我們將舉行一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。A sports meeting will be held next week.
4. .過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) should/would +be+V(p.p)
他告訴我們?nèi)藗儗⒃谒亦l(xiāng)建一個(gè)大水壩。We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.
Unit 15 Destinations
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. phenomenon 現(xiàn)象�。◤�(fù)數(shù)形式是：phenomena）
The employment problem tends to be a city phenomenon.
就業(yè)問(wèn)題常常是一個(gè)城市現(xiàn)象。
2. get tired of 對(duì)。。。感到厭倦；對(duì)。。。失去興趣
I’ve got tired of listening to your criticisms. 我厭煩了每天聽(tīng)你的批評(píng)。
3. guarantee n. 保證;商品保證;保證書(shū)
The TV set has a year's guarantee. 這架電視機(jī)有一年的保修期。
vt. . 保證;擔(dān)保
Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers. 保證我們的顧客完全滿(mǎn)意。
4. budget n 預(yù)算;預(yù)算費(fèi);生活費(fèi),經(jīng)費(fèi)
It is essential to balance one's budget. 量入為出是很重要的。
vt. 把...編入預(yù)算;按照預(yù)算來(lái)計(jì)劃
The school budgeted one million dollars for a new library. 學(xué)校編列了一百萬(wàn)美元建新圖書(shū)館的預(yù)算。
5. sight n.視覺(jué),視力，視界,視域，看見(jiàn),目睹，景色 名勝
I'll have my sight tested tomorrow. 我明天去檢查視力。
Victory is in sight. 勝利在望。
The girl dreaded the sight of snakes.那女孩害怕看到蛇。
You cannot understand a person at first sight. 你不能第一次見(jiàn)面就了解一個(gè)人。
6. scene、scenery、sight和view 的異同
scene、scenery、sight和view 都有景象的含義。
scene指展現(xiàn)在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活動(dòng)在內(nèi)。如：The scene after the earthquake was horrible.地震后的場(chǎng)景十分可怕。scenery指某地總的自然風(fēng)景或景色，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色。如：The scenery as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is marvelous.坐船游覽長(zhǎng)江三峽的時(shí)候，兩岸的風(fēng)景美不勝收。sight則既可以指場(chǎng)景、眼前看到的景觀，又可以指名勝、風(fēng)景，只是在表示后者的含義時(shí)，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：a sad sight悲慘的場(chǎng)景see the historical sights of London游覽倫敦的名勝古跡。它與view或者scenery最大的不同就在于當(dāng)sight指景物時(shí)，多指某的特有的名勝。view常指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處看到的scenery的一部分，有時(shí)可與scene互換。如：The mountain hotel offered magnificent views.從山間旅行社可以看到壯麗的景觀�！�
6. a variety of種種�。ㄒ部梢詫�(xiě)成：varieties of）
He has a variety of interests. 他有多種愛(ài)好。
7. prefer vt.寧可,寧愿(選擇);更喜歡（常用搭配：prefer to do sth, prefer doing sth, prefer to do sth rather than do sth, prefer doing sth to doing sth）
I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities. 我喜歡安靜的鄉(xiāng)村勝過(guò)喧鬧的城市。
I prefer to travel to different places rather than stay at home peacefully. 我喜歡到不同的地方旅行，而不是平靜地呆在家里。
Unit 16 The United States of America
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. aim vt. 把...瞄準(zhǔn);把...對(duì)準(zhǔn)擲向[(+at)]
He aimed the gun at the door. 他把槍對(duì)準(zhǔn)那扇門(mén)。
vi. 瞄準(zhǔn),對(duì)準(zhǔn)，致力于, (常用搭配：aim at aim to do sth)
The hunter aimed at the lion and fired. 獵人瞄準(zhǔn)了獅子開(kāi)火。
We aim at doubling our production. 我們的目標(biāo)是將生產(chǎn)增加一倍。
n.目標(biāo),目的
It is now our aim to set up a factory. 我們現(xiàn)在的目的是創(chuàng)辦一座工廠。
2. vain a. 愛(ài)虛榮的,自負(fù)的,炫耀的
She is vain and extravagant. 她既愛(ài)虛榮又奢侈。
徒然的,無(wú)益的
They made vain attempts to reach the mountaintop.
他們幾次徒然嘗試想攀登山頂。
in vain 無(wú)結(jié)果，徒然
All our work was in vain. 我們的工作全都白干了。
3. insist vt. 堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為
She insisted that he was wrong. 她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他錯(cuò)了。
vt. 堅(jiān)決主張;堅(jiān)決要求
Jane insisted that he be present. 珍堅(jiān)持要他出席。
vi.. 堅(jiān)持,堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為;強(qiáng)調(diào)
He insisted on/upon my going with him. 他堅(jiān)持要我跟他一起去。
I insist on seeing it. 我一定要見(jiàn)到它。
4. clothing n. (總稱(chēng))衣服,衣著
Our clothing protects us from the cold. 衣服幫我們御寒。
Clothing, clothes, cloth，dress的區(qū)別：
cloth是物質(zhì)名詞，意為"布"，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而clothing是指衣物的總稱(chēng)，也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服，但沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式，如：
This clothing is needed in warm countries.在溫暖的國(guó)家需要這種服裝。
Her clothes are made of fine cloth. 他的衣服是由高質(zhì)量的布制成。
英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚禮服。
5 in turn 轉(zhuǎn)而，反過(guò)來(lái)，輪流
The girls called out their names in turn. 女孩們逐個(gè)報(bào)出自己的名字。
Listening to English as much as possible can improve one’s hearing, which in turn can improve his speaking. 盡可能多聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)可以提高聽(tīng)力能力，轉(zhuǎn)而提高口語(yǔ)能力。
6 have an effect on 對(duì)。。。有影響
As is known to all, pollution has a bad effect on the city. 眾所周知，污染對(duì)城市有壞影響。
Unit 17 Disabilities
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. ability n. 能力;才能(常用搭配：ability to do sth)
She did the work to the best of her ability. 她已盡了力去做那件工作了。
2. gifted a.有天資的,有天賦的
He is a gifted athlete.他是個(gè)有天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
3. adjust to vt. 調(diào)節(jié);改變...以適應(yīng) ,校準(zhǔn);調(diào)整
She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必須學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)英國(guó)的生活。
vi. 適應(yīng)(常用搭配：adjust to sth)
Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航員在飛行中得適應(yīng)失重狀態(tài)。
4. get used to 習(xí)慣于
She is used to hard work.
她習(xí)慣于艱苦工作。
注意：在be/get used to 句型中，to 是介詞，所以后面一定要用名詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式。
5. sense 意識(shí)，觀念，感官，官能
She has no sense of time. 她沒(méi)有時(shí)間觀念。
Your brother has a good sense of humor. 你兄弟很有幽默感。
6. participate vi.參加,參與（常用搭配：participate in）
No professionals participated in the contest. 沒(méi)有職業(yè)選手參加這一比賽。
7. potential adj. 潛在的,可能的
The dispute has scared away potential investors. 這一爭(zhēng)端嚇走了潛在的投資者。
n.可能性;潛力,潛能
She has acting potential, but she needs training. 她有表演潛力,但需要訓(xùn)練。
復(fù)習(xí)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)
有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語(yǔ)；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。
一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) + to + 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱(chēng)代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語(yǔ) + to + 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Bring it to me, please.
在間接賓語(yǔ)的前面，不同的動(dòng)詞用不同的介詞，有的用to , 有的用for.常用to 的動(dòng)詞是：bring, give, hand, lend, mail pass, read, tell, send, show, sell, throw, write, teach 等。而常用for 的動(dòng)詞有：buy, cook, do, find, get, make等。
如：Hand the salt to me, please. 請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我。
She teaches English to advanced students. 她教高水平學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)。
She promised to lend some books to me. 她承諾要借我一些書(shū)。
Remember to write letters to me. 記得給我寫(xiě)信。
Unit 18 Inventions
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. allow vt. 允許,準(zhǔn)許(常用搭配：allow doing sth, allow sb to do sth)
Swimming is not allowed at this beach. 這片海灘禁止游泳。
She allowed us to smoke. 她允許我們抽煙。
Allow for 顧及，為。。。做準(zhǔn)備
We'd better start earlier. We should allow for traffic delays.
我們還是早些動(dòng)身為好。我們要考慮到路上交通會(huì)有耽擱。
2. reject vt. 拒絕,抵制
The plan was rejected. 該計(jì)劃遭拒絕。
3. stick n.棍,棒,杖;手杖
Grandpa still walks without a stick. 爺爺走路仍不拄拐杖。
vt. 粘貼;張貼 伸,伸出
They stuck the notice on the wall. 他們把通知貼在墻上。
Don't stick your head out of the train window. 不要把頭伸出火車(chē)窗外面。
被...難住; 被困住
Have you got stuck over your algebra? 你的代數(shù)題做不下去了吧?
4. aware adj.知道的,察覺(jué)的 (常用搭配：be aware of, be aware+ that )
I am well aware that this is a tough job.
我深知這是一件棘手的工作。
She was not aware of having done wrong.
她沒(méi)有意識(shí)到做錯(cuò)了事。
5. application n. 應(yīng)用,適用;運(yùn)用
Biology has practical applications. 生物學(xué)有實(shí)用性。
申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求;申請(qǐng)書(shū)
I made an application for a loan. 我申請(qǐng)一筆貸款。
6. strategy n. 戰(zhàn)略;戰(zhàn)略學(xué)
He is an expert in military strategy. 他是軍事戰(zhàn)略專(zhuān)家。
策略,計(jì)謀;對(duì)策
The government adopted a strategy of massive deflation. 政府采取了大規(guī)模緊縮通貨的策略。
Unit 19 The Merchant of Venice
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. give up 放棄,戒絕
The girl gave up halfway.這女孩中途放棄。
I wish I could give up drinking.我真希望自己能戒酒。
2. may/might as well (強(qiáng)調(diào)的勸告)不妨;最好
You may as well stay here for a few days. 你最好在這里停留幾天。
3. offer vt. 主動(dòng)給予,提供;
He offered me a glass of wine. 他端給我一杯酒。
They offered to help me. 他們表示愿意幫助我。
He offered to lend me some books.
他表示要借給我?guī)妆緯?shū)。
3. 出(價(jià));開(kāi)(價(jià))
We offered him the calculator for US$50.
這計(jì)算器我們向他開(kāi)價(jià)五十美元。
n. 提供,提議
Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感謝你想給予幫助的好意。
4. hope for 希望，盼望
Leaders hope for peace and stability in Iraq. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者希望伊拉克和平穩(wěn)定。
5. envy n. 妒忌;羨慕vt. 妒忌;羨慕
She said it out of envy. 她出于嫉妒說(shuō)了這話(huà)。
妒忌的對(duì)象;羨慕的目標(biāo)
His talent is the envy of his colleagues. 他的同事都羨慕他的才能。
I envy you your good luck. 我羨慕你的好運(yùn)。
6. versus prep. (法律和運(yùn)動(dòng)用語(yǔ),常略作v.或vs.)對(duì);對(duì)抗
The big match tonight is England versus Spain.
今晚的大賽是英格蘭對(duì)西班牙。
Robinson versus Brown
魯賓遜對(duì)布朗的訴訟
prep. 與...相對(duì)
the problem of mercy versus revenge
饒恕與復(fù)仇相抗衡的問(wèn)題
Unit 20 Archaeology
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. date back to , date from 從。。開(kāi)始，起源于，上溯到
The Sanxingdui site is said to date back to 5000 years ago.
三星堆遺址據(jù)說(shuō)開(kāi)始于５０００年前。
2. in terms of 就...而論;在...方面
In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
就錢(qián)來(lái)說(shuō)他很富有,但就幸福來(lái)說(shuō)就不然了。
3. root n. (植物的)根; 根;根基;本質(zhì)
These plants have very deep roots. 這些植物的根長(zhǎng)得很深。
This is the root cause of poverty. 這是貧窮的根本原因。
vi.生根 根源在于,來(lái)源于
Some plants root easily. 有些植物容易生根成長(zhǎng)。
The crime rooted in his greed for money. 這一犯罪行為起因于他對(duì)金錢(qián)的貪得無(wú)厭。
4. survive vt.. 在...之后仍然生存,從...中逃生
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 這次飛機(jī)失事只有兩名乘客幸免于死。
vi. 活下來(lái),幸存;殘留
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后極少有人生還。
5. serve as vt. 為...服務(wù);為...服役，侍候(顧客等);供應(yīng)(飯菜)，充當(dāng)
Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.
必須教育孩子長(zhǎng)大后為國(guó)家服務(wù)。
She served me a cup of coffee. 她給我端上一杯咖啡。
The room served as an operation room temporarily. 那間屋子臨時(shí)充當(dāng)手術(shù)室�！�
6. tend to vi. 1. 走向;趨向
Old people tend to get fat.
老年人容易發(fā)胖。
He tends towards selfishness.
他有自私自利的傾向。
7. proven a. 被證明的
Truth is something proven by experiment, so nothing should be taken for granted. 真理是要被實(shí)踐證明的，所以沒(méi)有什么東西可以想當(dāng)然。
語(yǔ)法快遞 it 用法
it的用法
�。�1）用作人稱(chēng)代詞，代替前文提出到的無(wú)生命的事物，動(dòng)植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that，如，
I have a new pen. It is beautiful. 我有一只新鋼筆，它很好看。
The Browns have a new baby. It's cute. 布朗一家新生了一個(gè)小孩，很可愛(ài)。
（2）用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離等，如，
It's twelve o'clock now. 現(xiàn)在12點(diǎn)了。
It's fine today. 今天天氣很好。
語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)1----情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
１．表示可能性的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
may 和might用來(lái)推測(cè)現(xiàn)在“可能”，may 比might表示的可能性大些。may通常只用于陳述句中。例如：
--It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能下雨。
用may 表示“可能”一般不用于疑問(wèn)句，在疑問(wèn)句中通常用can表示。例如：
--Can they have missed the bus? --Yes, they may have.
他們可能錯(cuò)過(guò)了公共汽車(chē)嗎？是的。
２．表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can可表示某人具有某種特定技巧、（潛在）能力或通過(guò)感官意識(shí)到某物。 could表示某人過(guò)去具有某種技巧、（潛在）能力或意識(shí)。
-Some people can ski better than others. 有些人滑雪比其他人好�！�
Everyone in the village could hear her voice. 村子里每個(gè)人都能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她的聲音。
be able to/be unable to不僅有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)，還可有將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式等。例如：
Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. 我們的嬰兒幾周后就能走路了。
Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自從事故后，他就不能離開(kāi)房子了。
３. 表示肯定推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
must用于推測(cè)時(shí)，表示“一定”、“肯定”，表明說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為的可能性很大。一般只用于肯定陳述句中。否定形式用can’t，表示“一定不”“肯定不”
如： Oh, you must be Sylvia’s husband. 你一定是西爾薇亞的丈夫。
語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)2- - -被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)，數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的不同而變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下：
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are+V(p.p)
人們利用電能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)器。Electricity is used to run machines.
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were + V(p.p)
昨天我們?cè)谏狡律戏N了許多樹(shù)。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.
3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall +be+V(p.p)
下星期我們將舉行一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。A sports meeting will be held next week.
4. .過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) should/would +be+V(p.p)
他告訴我們?nèi)藗儗⒃谒亦l(xiāng)建一個(gè)大水壩。We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.
5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are +being+V(p.p)
他正在油漆房子。A house is being painted.
6. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were +being+V(p.p)
當(dāng)我進(jìn)廚房時(shí)，她正在做蛋糕。A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen.
7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has +been+V(p.p)
他已經(jīng)結(jié)束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished.
8. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had +been+V(p.p)
到上個(gè)月為止，他們已經(jīng)把這本書(shū)翻譯成了英語(yǔ)。
The book had been translated into English by the end of last month.
9. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have +been+V(p.p)
2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year.
10. 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+V(p.p)”構(gòu)成。如：
The machine must be operated with care.
注意：主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況
Habits are easy to make but hard to break . (Habits是to make、to break的邏輯賓語(yǔ) ) 。習(xí)慣容易養(yǎng)成，但很難改變。
She only has a small cold room to live in . (不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，而句子的主語(yǔ)也是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí) ) 她只有一間寒冷的斗室可以容身。
The bike needs repairing ( = to be repaired在動(dòng)詞want、need、require等后面常用動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)含義，等于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。) . 自行車(chē)需要修理了。
This novel is well worth reading. (worth后跟動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng))這本小說(shuō)很值得閱讀。
A big fire happened / took place / broke out last night . (不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
How sweet the music sounds ! （感官動(dòng)詞 用主動(dòng)形式表示被意思。）
The book sells well . (write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)這本書(shū)銷(xiāo)路很好。
語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)3------非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞．
(一)不定式
不定式由“ to十動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化．不定式可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)．不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)有時(shí)用“ for十名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成．
1．不定式的用法：
l)作主語(yǔ)． To see is to believe．眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
2)作賓語(yǔ)． He wanted to go． 他想走開(kāi)。
I find it interesting to study work with him.我發(fā)現(xiàn)和他一起工作很有趣。
3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)． He asked me to do the work with him. 他請(qǐng)我和他一起工作。
4)作定語(yǔ)．I have some books for you to read． 我有一些書(shū)給你讀。
5)作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件．
I came here to see you．我到這里來(lái)看你。(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．我們聽(tīng)到消息非常興奮。(原因)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there．他急忙去了學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)那里沒(méi)有人。(結(jié)果)
To look at him, you would like him．如果你看見(jiàn)他，你會(huì)喜歡他。(條件)
6)作表語(yǔ)． My job is to help the patient．我的工作是幫助患者。
7)作獨(dú)立成分．To tell the truth， I don’t agree with you. 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我不同意你。
8)不定式與疑問(wèn)詞 who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等．例如：
He didn’t know what to say. 他不知道說(shuō)什么。
（二）動(dòng)詞的ing 形式。
動(dòng)詞的ing 形式由動(dòng)詞十 ing構(gòu)成;可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，但是不可以做謂語(yǔ)。
It is no use arguing with him. 和他爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有用的。（做主語(yǔ)）
He is fond of playing football．他迷戀足球。（做賓語(yǔ)）
Her job is teaching. 他的工作是教書(shū)。（做表語(yǔ)）
He has a reading room. 他有一間閱覽室。（做定語(yǔ)）
Being a student，he was interested in books．作為一名學(xué)生，他對(duì)書(shū)感興趣。（做狀語(yǔ)）
Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well．在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了3年，他對(duì)道路很熟悉。（ing 的過(guò)去式做狀語(yǔ)）