1 These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly.這些筷子又好吃又環(huán)保。
點(diǎn)撥：friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含義，還有“友善的，表示贊賞的，不反對(duì)的”含義。
e.g.1.A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views.
對(duì)任何爭(zhēng)端進(jìn)行友好的辯論有助于進(jìn)一步了解相互的觀點(diǎn)。
e.g.3.It’s a government friendly to our interests.這是一個(gè)符合我們利益的政府。
2．throw away：1）拋棄，扔掉：作為無(wú)用而除去：threw away yesterday's newspaper.扔掉昨天的報(bào)紙
2）To fail to take advantage of:喪失，錯(cuò)過(guò)：未能利用：
threw away a chance to make a fortune.喪失賺大錢的機(jī)會(huì)
throw up：To vomit.嘔吐
3 Are you tired of carrying around a heavy laptop computer?你厭倦了隨身攜帶一個(gè)沉重的筆記本電腦了么？
點(diǎn)撥：tire作為動(dòng)詞，為使役動(dòng)詞，意思是“使某人勞累”。詞組tire sb.of sth.是“使某人厭倦了某事”的意思。所以sb.be tired of sth./doing sth.意為“某人厭倦了某事/做某事”。
e.g.1.When a man is tired of London,he is tired of life.當(dāng)一個(gè)人厭倦了倫敦的時(shí)候，他也就厭倦了生活。
e.g.2.I am tired of your stupid remarks.我聽(tīng)煩了你的蠢話。
拓展：sb.be tired of sth.意思是“某人厭煩了某事”，但是sb.be tired with sth.是“某人做某事累了”。因此，應(yīng)從上下文中推斷應(yīng)該采用哪一個(gè)詞組。
考題：-Do you like your new job as a shop assistant?
-Very much.But I am tired standing all day.
A.of B.with C.by D.about 答案：B
5 If you use our inflatable bike,you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag.
如果你使用了我們的可充氣自行車，你可以非常簡(jiǎn)單地放出空氣，把你的自行車放進(jìn)書(shū)包里。
點(diǎn)撥：1）let out 在此為“放掉”的意思。
e.g.1.There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.好像有個(gè)人在花園里，把狗放出來(lái)吧。
e.g.2.Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.釋放氣球中的空氣,把它放在塑料袋里。
2）.let sth.out 還有“使知道；泄露”的含義:
e.g.Who let that story out?是誰(shuí)泄露了消息?
3）.let sth.out 還有“放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸”的意思
e.g.I want to let out a coat.我想放大一件外衣。
4）.let sth.out還有“出租（房屋等）”的意思
e.g.I want to live outside London.Do you know there is any house let out?
我想住在倫敦外面，你知道哪有出租的房屋嗎？
6 How do they come up with ideas for new inventions?人們?cè)趺磿?huì)想出新發(fā)明的主意呢？
點(diǎn)撥：come up with 有兩層含義
1.想出（計(jì)劃、回答）；作出（反應(yīng)）；產(chǎn)生
e.g.1.He couldn’t come up with an answer.他答不上來(lái)。
e.g.3.People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.
人們把各種主意用不同的方式組合在一起，形成一些新想法。
e.g.4.He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.
他先想出了去參觀工廠的好主意。
拓展：1.come up with 還有“趕上”的含義
e.g.We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.
我們?cè)谂_(dá)到先進(jìn)水平。
2.come up 有“顯現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)，提升，靠近”的含義
e.g.The question never came up.這個(gè)問(wèn)題未從曾發(fā)生過(guò)。
e.g.The sun came up.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。
e.g.a general who came up from the ranks按等級(jí)晉升的將軍
e.g.came up and said hello靠近并打招呼
3.come down的含義:傳遞；傳給；減價(jià)
e.g.The song comes down to us from the 10th century.這首歌從10世紀(jì)一直傳到我們這一代。
e.g.These legends came down to us from the 15th century.這些傳說(shuō)是從15世紀(jì)流傳下來(lái)的。
e.g.I don’t think TV sets will come down this year,do you?我看今年電視機(jī)的價(jià)格不會(huì)跌,你看呢?
7 Instead,it seems that creative thinking,which is one of the most highly valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.
相反，創(chuàng)造力，這個(gè)在社會(huì)里被認(rèn)作是最有價(jià)值的技能之一，似乎只是一種習(xí)慣的問(wèn)題。
1)點(diǎn)撥：a matter of 此處用來(lái)表示“正常或經(jīng)常的事情； 理所當(dāng)然的事情”。
e.g.1.Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence.回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題只不過(guò)要運(yùn)用一下你的智慧。
e.g.2.To solve the problem is just a matter of time.要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題僅僅是個(gè)時(shí)間問(wèn)題。
拓展：1.a matter of 還可以表示“大約，大概”的含義。
e.g.We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.我們大約只等了10分鐘。
3.詞組a matter of life or death 生死攸關(guān)的事情
4.a matter of opinion 看法不同的事情， 見(jiàn)仁見(jiàn)智的事情
5.as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
2) highly high作副詞的區(qū)別
Highly is describing how we think of something or someone. adv.
1）高度地；非常；極
a highly scientific approach高度科學(xué)性的方法
It is highly important for us to combine revolutionary sweep with practicalness.
"對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),把革命氣概和實(shí)際精神結(jié)合起來(lái)是很重要的。"
2）贊許地；優(yōu)厚地；超乎尋常地
a highly paid official薪金優(yōu)厚的官員
He spoke very highly of her.他高度贊揚(yáng)了她。
Our department store has always been very highly commended.我們的百貨商店一向受到高度贊揚(yáng)。
He is highly estimated among his fellows.同事們對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)很高。
High: 1)At, in, or to a lofty position, level, or degree:（位置、水平高度、程度）高地：
saw a plane high in the sky; prices that had gone too high.看見(jiàn)高空中那架飛機(jī)；價(jià)格簡(jiǎn)直太高了
2)In an extravagant or luxurious way:揮霍地：以奢侈的、豪華的方式：
made a fortune and lived high.交了好運(yùn)且生活奢華
3) value： vt. 估價(jià)；定價(jià)
He valued the ring at $80.他估計(jì)這枚戒指值80美元。
2）尊重；珍視I value your advice.我尊重你的勸告
8 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破舊立新的意思就是要用新方法解決問(wèn)題。
點(diǎn)撥：此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思為解放思想，思維方式要突破陳規(guī)，破舊立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)是to try new ways to solve a problem,這是因?yàn)樽髦髡Z(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞、 不定式有對(duì)稱使用的特點(diǎn)。
e.g.1.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)可以表示為Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe.
e.g.2.To know everything is to know nothing.樣樣皆通，樣樣稀松。
e.g.3.To respect the others is to be respected.尊重別人就是尊重自己。
e.g.4.To love nature is to love mankind itself.愛(ài)自然就是愛(ài)人類自己。
e.g.5.To teach is to learn.教即是學(xué)。
考題：It is better to lose one’s life than .
A.if you lose your spirit B.losing his spirit C.to lose one’s spirit D.your spirit getting lost 答案：C
9 Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try“impossible ”or“crazy”solutions.
發(fā)明家們常常為了使用創(chuàng)造性的方法，或嘗試一些不可能或瘋狂的方法多次解決問(wèn)題。
點(diǎn)撥：allow for有 “考慮；顧及；把某事算在內(nèi)”的含義。
e.g.1.We must allow for his inexperience.我們必須考慮到他缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)這一點(diǎn)。
e.g.2.It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays.
考慮到路上可能遇到的交通耽擱,到他們的辦公大樓大約要花費(fèi)兩小時(shí)。
e.g.3.Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
把火車晚點(diǎn)考慮在內(nèi)， 我們應(yīng)該在十點(diǎn)半之前回來(lái)。
e.g.4.Allowing for wastage,the gas will last 3 weeks.留出損耗,這些汽油可以維持3周。
allows of： The poem allows of several interpretations.這首詩(shī)可以有好幾種解釋
比較：allow與permit
permit作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)相當(dāng)于allow，用法相似。同是 allow/permit sb.to do與allow/permit doing sth.
與allow不同的是，它強(qiáng)調(diào)“得到上級(jí)或文件正式認(rèn)可的允許”，意為“正式批準(zhǔn)、許可”，比allow正式；allow所表示的允許，含有“聽(tīng)任、默許”之意。但在實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中的區(qū)別并不那么嚴(yán)格，在很多情況下可以交換使用。
e.g.1.I’ll visit him tomorrow if weather permits.如果天氣條件許可，明天我要去拜訪他。
e.g.2.Each student was allowed five minutes for free talk.每個(gè)學(xué)生被允許五分鐘自由談話。
e.g.3.Smoking is not permitted in this cinema.本電影院不許吸煙。
考題： is not allowed here. You are not allowed here.
A.To smoke B.Smoking C.To be smoking D.Having smoked 答案：BA
10 otherwise: adv.1)不同地
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
我們?cè)蛩闾咦闱�，可是天很熱，我們就決定干別的了。
I was otherwise engaged last Sunday evening.
上星期天晚上我另外有約。;上星期天晚上我另外有事。
2)（在）其他方面
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他愛(ài)吵鬧，但在其他方面倒是一個(gè)好孩子。
3)（在不同情況下）否則
We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.我們得早一點(diǎn)去，不然就沒(méi)有座位了。
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.我又多寫(xiě)了一頁(yè)，不然的話已經(jīng)完成了。
12 attempt:v attempt to do attempt +n
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.我試圖一次讀完整本小說(shuō)
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
我們嘗試在沒(méi)有外援的情況下完成復(fù)雜的特技動(dòng)作
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她試著做這頓飯。Make an attempt on /at doing sth
13 If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that don’t provide a complete answer,we may get stuck.
如果我們僅僅去尋求正確的答案而否定了沒(méi)有完整答案的想法，我們就會(huì)陷入困惑之中。
點(diǎn)撥：1.及物動(dòng)詞reject 后面通常接名詞， 在此意思是拒絕接受，屈服。
e.g.1.He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了當(dāng)?shù)鼐芙^了他們的邀請(qǐng)。
e.g.2.We rejected his idea for a music club,and decided to have an art club instead.
我們沒(méi)有采納他關(guān)于成立音樂(lè)俱樂(lè)部的想法，而是決定成立藝術(shù)俱樂(lè)部。
reject還可以表示拋棄的含義。
e.g.The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.如果你拒絕來(lái)的話，那男孩會(huì)感到被拋棄的。
比較： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敵對(duì) 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；頂住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我頂不住烤蘋(píng)果的誘惑。
2.stuck 是stick 的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞，sb./sth.be stuck 在此表示某人、某物被難住;保持或變得靜止；被固定、卡住、塞住或阻住。
e.g.1.We are late because we have been stuck in traffic for an hour.我們遲到了因?yàn)楸豢ㄔ诮煌ㄗ枞羞_(dá)一個(gè)小時(shí)。
e.g.2.The door is stuck-I can’t open it. 門卡住了， 我打不開(kāi)。
e.g.3.He was stuck in the mud and can’t move. 他陷在泥里，動(dòng)不了。
比較：be stuck in 與be caught in, be trapped in 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴風(fēng)雨、交通阻塞等。
e.g.We were caught in a storm on the way home.我們?cè)诨丶业穆飞吓銮捎龅搅吮╋L(fēng)雨。
be trapped in 更強(qiáng)調(diào)被困在一個(gè)具體的空間內(nèi)，或落入圈套。
e.g.She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。
14 Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities. 創(chuàng)造性思考的作用是很明確的--破舊立新。
點(diǎn)撥：break away表示逃走；逃脫 break away from 表示擺脫某物， 從……中脫離開(kāi)來(lái)
e.g.1.The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.搶劫嫌疑犯從拘留所逃脫了。
e.g.2.Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)如爵士樂(lè)擺脫了舊的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則。
拓展：break away 還可以表示“斷裂；開(kāi)裂”的含義
e.g.A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.一大塊冰從整個(gè)大冰塊上斷裂開(kāi)來(lái)。
15 Unfortunately,it is easy to limit the possibilities of a new idea by connecting it to only one area of our previous knowledge.很不幸，我們很容易把一個(gè)新的想法僅局限于我們先前知識(shí)的一個(gè)方面。
點(diǎn)撥：connect在此處表示連接或系在一起。搭配為 connect sth.to/with sth.
e.g.1.There is no reason to connect the two events. /There is no reason to connect the event to/with that one. 沒(méi)有理由把這兩件事聯(lián)想在一起
拓展:還可以表示:用通訊工具聯(lián)系或連接，搭配為connect sb.to sb.
e.g.1.Please connect me to the number in San Diego.請(qǐng)給我接圣地亞哥這個(gè)電話號(hào)碼。
另外，connect 還可以作為不及物動(dòng)詞
e.g.2.Two streams connect to form a river.兩條小溪匯流成一條大河。
名詞為connection,詞組 in connection with 表示“關(guān)于……，與……有關(guān)”。
e.g.Do you believe that there’s a connection between smoking and heart disease?你相信吸煙與心臟病有關(guān)系嗎?
16 apply vt., vi. applied, applying
1) 請(qǐng)求；申請(qǐng)I want to apply for the job.我想申請(qǐng)這項(xiàng)工作。
2)應(yīng)用；使用；適用to apply a nickname用綽號(hào)
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.勤儉節(jié)約的原則適用于一切事業(yè)。
3)涂，敷，抹Apply medicine to his wound.在他傷口上涂藥。
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.有個(gè)護(hù)士正在給他的傷口敷藥。
4)產(chǎn)生作用；有直接關(guān)系What I have said does not apply to you.我說(shuō)的話與你無(wú)關(guān)。
This rule does not apply.這個(gè)規(guī)則不適用。
4)專心；集中精力apply oneself to專心從事，埋頭于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job.新來(lái)的職員工作專心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該專心致志地學(xué)習(xí)。
Application: n應(yīng)用;
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.
把新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)用到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)上,通�？梢蕴岣咝�。
2)適用
This has no application to the case這不適用于那個(gè)案子。
3)正式申請(qǐng)；書(shū)面申請(qǐng)
an application for a job求職書(shū)
4)敷用（藥物）
5)勤勉；專心
He worked with great application.
他工作非常勤奮。
17 Most famous scientists and thinkers are very productive and studies have shown that our most respected scientists produce not only some of the best ideas,but also a great many bad ones.
大多數(shù)著名的科學(xué)家和思想家都是富有成果的，但研究表明尊敬的科學(xué)家們不僅能想出好主意同時(shí)有許多錯(cuò)誤。
點(diǎn)撥：respected 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾scientists,單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。our most respected scientists=our most scientists who are respected,一般放在被修飾詞的前面，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞的后面。
e.g.1.A watched pot never boils.心急鍋不開(kāi)。
e.g.2.Don’t laugh at his crippled walk.不要笑他的跛行。
e.g.3.Father looked at the child with a pleased expression.父親帶著滿意的表情看著孩子。
e.g.4.The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.呈送給委員會(huì)的建議被采納了。
e.g.5.Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizens.小時(shí)候受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的孩子會(huì)成為好公民。
Respect :n1)（與of, for連用）尊敬；尊重
to show respect to those who are older尊敬長(zhǎng)者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.學(xué)生們非常尊敬他們的歷史老師。
2)關(guān)心；注意 to pay (have) respect to關(guān)心
3) (pl) 敬意；問(wèn)候 Give my respects to your wife.請(qǐng)代我向你太太問(wèn)好。
in all respects無(wú)論從哪方面來(lái)看
in respect of關(guān)于；就…來(lái)說(shuō)
pay one's respects拜訪
without respect to不管；不考慮
with respect to談到
with respect to the recent flood談到最近的洪水
respect vt.尊敬；尊重
I respect his courage.我敬佩他的勇氣。
I'll respect your wishes.我尊重你的愿望。
Usually people don't respect those who are too compliant."一般來(lái)說(shuō)人們看不起那種唯命是從,唯唯諾諾的人。
18 We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes.
人人都說(shuō)我們生活在信息時(shí)代，一個(gè)充滿著新發(fā)現(xiàn)和巨大變化的時(shí)代。
比較:age, time, days
age也可以表示時(shí)代，但是通常都是單數(shù)并大寫(xiě)。
e.g.1.Bronze Age 銅器時(shí)代 the Ice Age 冰河世紀(jì)
age 用作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于for a long time。
e.g.1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)她了。
e.g.2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我們好久未見(jiàn)面了。
time作“時(shí)代”解時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如本句中的 in modern times(在現(xiàn)代)。但有時(shí)也有用單數(shù)形式表示“時(shí)代”的，如 in Shakespeare time(在莎士比亞時(shí)代)。
e.g.1.In quite old times people lived on hunting and fishing.在古代，人們以漁獵為生。
e.g.2.His thought is ahead of his times.他的思想走在時(shí)代前面。
e.g.3.We should try to meet the requirements of the times.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)力爭(zhēng)符合時(shí)代的要求。
e.g.4.It happened at the time of King Alfred.它發(fā)生在阿爾弗雷德王的時(shí)代。
day也可以表示歷史上的一段時(shí)期；還可以表示在人的一生中某一特定的、獨(dú)特的一段時(shí)期。用作可數(shù)名詞。
e.g.1.We studied the tactics used in Napoleon’s day.我們研究在拿破侖時(shí)代用過(guò)的策略。
e.g.2.In grandmother’s day, skirts were long.在祖母那個(gè)時(shí)代，裙子都很長(zhǎng)。
e.g.3.in my school days在我讀書(shū)的時(shí)代