（江蘇省石莊高級中學(xué)：秦建華課堂教學(xué)用）
▲take possession of占領(lǐng)，占有/get possession of拿到，得到
The capitalist is in possession of a large fortune.那個資本家擁有大宗財產(chǎn)。
A large fortune is in the possession of the capitalist. 大宗財產(chǎn)掌握在那個資本家手中。
▲in the name of以……的名義，代表
I arrest you in the name of the law.我以法律的名義逮捕你。
The prime minister spoke in the name of the King.部長代表國王講話。
I opened an account in the bank in your name.我以你的名義在銀行開了一個賬號。
He escaped under the name of Tom.他化名為Tom逃跑了
name構(gòu)成的短語：
by name用（靠、按）名字，名叫；by the name of名叫……；name after以……命名
▲masses of/a mass of+countable noun(pl form)/+uncountable noun
in the mass總體上，總的說來/the mass of大多數(shù)的/mass education群眾教育/a mass meeting群眾會議
The young dancers worked so hard so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.（許多）
▲be rich in/be poor in
Oranges are rich in Vitamin C含有豐富的維生素
a TV play rich in humour 富有幽默的電視劇
▲do research on a state key project就國家重點工程進行研究
▲lose the lives of many people/risk their lives
▲alternative
Have you got an alternative=another suggestion?你有沒有其它建議？
Caught in the act,he had no alternative/choice but to confess/did nothing but confess.
他被當場抓獲，除了招供別無選擇。
▲available
This was the only available room.這是唯一可以利用的房間。
You will be informed when the book becomes available.這本書有貨時就通知你。
Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。
▲equip…with
You’d better equip your bike with a head light.你最好在自行車裝個前燈。
They have equipped the army with modern weapons. 他們已經(jīng)為部隊裝備了現(xiàn)代化的武器。
The army has been equipped with modern weapons. （被動語態(tài)）
▲accurate adj.精確的，準確的，正確無誤的
His information was accurate.他的信息很準確。
accurate強調(diào)“精確無誤”。an accurate calculation精確的計算
correct按一定標準沒有差錯。a correct answer正確的答案
right很多情況下可與correct互換，但常有道德上認可的含義.the right course of action正確的行動方針
▲search for
他們正在村里搜查那個強盜。
They are searching for the robber in the village.
They are searching the village for the robber.
Cf:The policeman is searching the robber.
▲have contacts with/contact to有接觸/聯(lián)系
▲find one’s way
feel one’s way摸索著走/fight one’s way奮勇前進/force one’s way擠著向前走/wind one’s way曲折前進/make one’s way去……途中/lose one’s way迷路
▲in exchange for交換，互換
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.他給我一個蘋果，換一塊蛋糕。
They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.他們用勞動換取食物和棲身之處。
▲take sb prisoner逮捕/capture sb 俘獲，捉拿
put sb in prison,take sb to prison,send sb to prison把……關(guān)進監(jiān)獄/throw sb into prison把……投進監(jiān)獄
▲wander through Arabic countries穿過許多阿拉伯國家
The children wandered around the town with nothing to do.那些孩子無所事事，在街上閑逛。
The boy wandered the neighbourhood,looking for the dog.那孩子走遍了鄰里街坊，找他那條狗。
▲reach out to sp./reach sp./come to sp.arrive at(in) sp.
▲date from/back to
The castle dates back to/dates from the 14th century.這座城堡建于14世紀。
▲ripe
By the beginning of the 15th century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.到15世紀初大型聚會的時機成熟了。
Was the peach ripe or green?那桃子是熟的還是生的？
▲prosper under a new dynasty在新的朝代下繁榮昌盛(prosperity)
The business is prospering.生意興隆。
He wished the young couple a life of happiness and prosperity.他祝這對新人生活幸福，萬事如意。
▲renew relations with恢復(fù)同…..的關(guān)系
▲excite one’s curiosity激起……的好奇心
▲send a message to sb向……發(fā)出邀請/信息
▲response非洲統(tǒng)治者的反應(yīng)非�？犊甌he response of African rulers are very generous.
▲challenge/at home
明朝朝廷認識到最大的挑戰(zhàn)和機遇是在國內(nèi)。
Ming court belied that its greatest challenges and opportunities were at home.
國內(nèi)外 at home and abroad
▲.various adj. 各種各樣的，不同的
He analysed the various factors.他分析了各種不同因素。
Of all the various ways of cooking an egg,I like boiling best.
在所有做雞蛋的各種方法中，我最喜歡煮的方法。
various,varied都可作“各種各樣的”解，大部分情況下可通用，但varied可表示“正在變化之中的”，a varied life。
▲.suggest vt.
（1）提議，建議。后跟動名詞、that從句（從句中謂語動詞用should do,should可省略）
suggest sth.to sb.
He suggested the idea to me.他向我提出那種想法。
I suggest going there at once.我建議立刻去那里。
The teacher suggested that we do our homework now.老師建議我們現(xiàn)在就做作業(yè)。
（2）使人想起，暗示
His pale face suggests that he is ill.他的蒼白的臉色表明他病了。
▲.accomplish vt.達到（目的），完成（任務(wù)），實現(xiàn)（計劃）
This task is accomplished by great effort.完成這項任務(wù)花了很大力氣。
He accomplished a great deal during his first year.第一年他就取得了很多成績。
It is the workers who will accomplish this task.就是工人們將完成這項任務(wù)。
accomplish指做到底，實現(xiàn)一個計劃，如：to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行
finish指完成日常的事，如：He finished the homework.他完成了作業(yè)。
complete指加上缺少的部分，如：to complete the sentence把句子補充完整
▲.apart from 除……外
He works until nine o’clock every evening,and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend.
他每天晚上工作到9點,這還不算他周末加班。
Apart from the salary,it’s not a bad job.除工資（偏低）外，這工作不錯。
Apart from you and me,I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty.除你我之外，我認為沒有人在30歲以下。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.不可能有脫離實踐的知識。
歸納拓展：apart from，in addition（to），besides ，as well（as），except for，except，but
（1）apart from這個復(fù)合介詞兼有“除外”和“包括”的雙重意義。
（2）以下短語或單詞意義相近，均表示“除……之外還有……”這一“附加”意義。
in addition（to） besides，as well （as）
（3）以下短語或單詞均表示“除……之外沒有……”這一“排除”意義。except for except but
▲.arise vi.出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生；由……引起，由……發(fā)生
A difficulty arose right here.困難就在這里。
How did the quarrel arise?這次爭吵是怎么引起的？
Originally,organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes.最初有機化合物是由生命過程產(chǎn)生的。
rise vi.升起，上漲；raise vt.舉起，提高，提升，提出；飼養(yǎng)（羊、雞等），撫養(yǎng)（子女等），招募（軍隊等），募捐（錢等）。
▲.bring up教育；養(yǎng)育;提出；引出;嘔吐；to bring up the question提出問題
She was brought up by her grandparents.她是由爺爺奶奶帶大的。
He brought up all the food he had eaten.他把吃下的食物都嘔吐出來了。
歸納拓展：bring in獲利；賺;bring about帶來,引起;bring down使……降低
The boys bring in ￡60 a week.這些男孩子每周賺60鎊。
How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?去年副業(yè)使這家農(nóng)戶增加了多少收入?
The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.因特網(wǎng)使我們的工作方式發(fā)生了很大變化。
We’d better wait till they bring down their prices.我們最好等他們降價。
▲.run out of 用光，用盡
We are running out of water.我們的水要用盡了。
We ran out of petrol yesterday.昨天我們用光了汽油。
比較：All our supply of food has run out.我們所有的食品供應(yīng)都用光了。
We decided we had better go home,before our money ran out.我們決定最好在錢用光之前回家。
表示“用光、用盡”的還有：use up,give out
All those I had are used up.我所有的都用光了。
They have used up their money.他們用光了錢。
The fuel gave out.燃料用光了。
You can’t have a hot bath-the water will give out.你不能洗熱水澡了。要沒水了。
從以上例子可看出，雖然這些詞組都表示“用光、用完”，但use up,run out of 為及物動詞，而run out,give out為不及物動詞。
歸納拓展:run into遇上，偶然遇到;陷于，碰上（困境、麻煩等）
I ran into Emma on my way home.我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。
If you run into difficulties,try to overcome them.如遇困難，要努力去克服。