本單元重要語言知識點(diǎn)：
1． face / be faced with面對，面臨
addict oneself to / be addicted to沉溺于，醉心于
adapt (oneself) to / be adapted to適應(yīng)
arm sb. (oneself) with / be armed with武裝，裝備
injure oneself / be injured受傷
relate to / be related to和…….有關(guān)
Addicted to drinking, he can’t do his work properly.
Addicting himself to drinking, he can’t do his work properly.
Armed with sticks , he fought with the thief bravely.
Arming himself with sticks, he fought with the thief bravely.
2．. face south / the park面向
sb. face difficulties / danger / the problem / the situation面臨困難等
sth ( difficulties / danger / the problem / the situation )face sb.困難等擺在某人面前
face up to勇敢面對、接受
face the music為自己的行為承擔(dān)后果
in face of ( danger / enemies / difficulty)在危險(xiǎn)等面前
She was caught cheating in the exam and she had to face the music.
She kept calm in face of danger.
This is the serious situation facing us ( that faces us) / we are facing / we are faced with.
3. rob sb. / a place of sth.
steal sth. from sb.
He was robbed of his wallet on his way home last night.
His wallet was stolen last night.
4. rather than而不是
would rather do sth. than do ….=prefer to do rather than do…..寧愿做…..而不愿做……
Rather than do….. he preferred to do…..
Rather than do…., he did…….與其…..寧愿…..
rather……than……是….而不是……; 寧可…..而不……
My shoes are comfortable rather than nice.
He walked rather than took a bus yesterday.
It was you rather than he who / that were responsible for it.
Rather than attend the boring speech, he preferred to stay at home reading.
Rather than allow the fruit to go bad, he sold it at the half price.
It was rather for your father than for you to decide.
5.suffer(Vt.) :suffer loss / defeat / disappointment / damage / cold / hunger遭受損失等
suffer(Vi.): suffer from the earthquake / war / flood
suffer from a disease / illness / cancer
suffer a lot from…….
6. begin by doing…..先說/做
begin with sth.以…..開始
to begin with一開頭，在開始時(shí)；首先（多用于句首）
He began his talk by saying that he wouldn’t speak long.
Begin with this one and do the others afterwards.
We began our dinner with some cold dishes.
To begin with, we had little support.
The school was quite a small one to begin with.
To begin with, he is too young for that kind of job.
7. sth. make it difficult / important / necessary / impossible for sb. to do……使某人做某事變得困難等（it為形式賓語，for sb. to do….為真正的賓語）
make sb. do
make sb. / sth. done
make sb. sth. ( make him chairman) 選某人當(dāng)…..
make it a rule to do sth.把做某事作為規(guī)定定下
make sb. / sth. + adj.
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go for a picnic.
Their help made it possible for us to finish the task in three days.
The great noise made it difficult for me to fix my attention on my reading.
Would you speak louder to make yourself heard?
I make it a rule to do some reading before going to bed every night.
8. cause sb. sth. =cause sth. to sb.給某人帶來（麻煩等）
cause sb. to do ….=make sb. do使得某人做某事
cause sth.( the accident / the fire)引起（事故等）
n. the cause of the fire / revolutionary cause
What caused you to change your mind?
I’m sorry to have caused you so much trouble.
9. be responsible to sb. 對某人負(fù)責(zé)
be responsible for (doing) sth.對于某事負(fù)有責(zé)任
A people’s government should be responsible to the people.
The pilot of the flight should be responsible for the safety of the passengers.
10. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers…….形容詞（短語）作狀語作狀語，表示伴隨、原因等：
The old man went to bed hungry last night.
He got home drunk last night.
Ripe, these apples are sweet.
Too nervous to reply, he stared at the floor.
11. send out派出；發(fā)出（送）；發(fā)出（光、熱等）；長出嫰芽
send for派人去請/叫
send up發(fā)射（衛(wèi)星等）
send away發(fā)送（物等）；開除
send off 寄出；送行
send out all the invitations/ all the goods / light and heat / a message of help / new leaves
sent for the doctor / a taxi / the police send the waiter for a pack of cigarettes
send up a satellite
send away the goods / The waitress was sent away for stealing things from the customer.
12. focus on sb. / sth.
focus one’s eyes / attention on sb. ( sth.)
He sat in his seat with his eyes focused on the blackboard.
13. Nine out of ten people=nine in ten
14.have difficulty (in) doing sth. / with sth.
There is some difficulty (in) doing sth.
with difficulty
without difficulty
拓展：have trouble / a problem / a hard time / fun / pleasure / a good time / wonderful time (in) doing sth.
15. compare A with B
compare A to B
compared with / to和比起來
in comparison with和比較起來
by comparison通過比較
make a comparison作出比較
beyond comparison無法比擬
Compared with / to that one, this one is better.
She is quite tall in comparison with her sister.
This house costs much, but it’s cheaper by comparison.
16. inform sb. of sth.
inform sb. +Clause
keep sb. well informed of sth.使某人很熟悉、了解……
17. present sb. with sth. / present sth. to sb.送給，贈予，頒發(fā)，遞交（某人某物）
present materials / a plan / an opportunity / a problem使呈現(xiàn)、出現(xiàn)
18. call / turn / draw / attract one’s attention to sth.
fix / focus one’s attention on……
catch one’s attention
本單元難點(diǎn)：rather than / make it +object complement + for sb. to do./ make ….done / 形容詞（短語）作狀語
本單元語法項(xiàng)目：過去分詞作定語及表語:
A: 過去分詞作定語：
（1） 前置定語：單個(gè)的過去分詞或只帶副詞的單個(gè)過去分詞作前置定語時(shí)，過去分詞具有形容詞的特點(diǎn)，側(cè)重狀態(tài)和比較永久性的特點(diǎn)。
a broken window / a recently-built house / carefully written articles
不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作的完成；而及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作的被動；
returned students / boiled eggs / fallen leaves / a beaten team
stolen bike / burnt buildings / armed teams / updated websites
excited students / surprised audience / puzzled expression
（2） 后置定語：分詞短語要置于被修飾的名詞之后，主要突出動詞的特征。
根據(jù)動作發(fā)出的時(shí)間可分為三種不同的時(shí)態(tài)：
the meeting held yesterday / the meeting being held now / the meeting to be held tomorrow
B: 過去分詞作表語：表示主語所處的狀態(tài)
He was terrified at seeing this.
The door remained unlocked.
注意：過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別
The cup is broken.（狀態(tài)）
The cup was broken by my brother.（動作）
鞏固練習(xí)：
1.I suffered a lot ______ smoking, so I gave ______ last year.
A. to; it up B. to; up it C. from; it up D. from; up it
2. ----Will you go to Mary’s birthday party?
----No, _____ invited, I can’t go to it. I’ll be too busy then.
A. if B. unless C. even if D. when
3. Do you know the _____ of the saying I just quoted?
A. source B. resource C. course D. cause
4. They ______ with each other at first sight and they _____ in love for three years.
A. fell in love; have been B. fell in love; have fallen
C. were in love; have been D. were in love; have fallen
5. They are ______ schoolmates. They are close friends.
A. more than B. no more than C. not more than D. only
6. Because Bob had stopped reading his technical journals, he was ______ of new developments in his field.
A. unknown B. similar C. familiar D. ignorant
7. Peter is my close friend, who can be _____ what he promises.
A. relied on to do B. relied to do C. relied doing D. relying to doing
8. _____such a difficult problem, he didn’t know what to do.
A. Faced B. Faced to C. Facing D. Facing with
9. -----Would you like to make comments ______ current ______?
-----Of course. I’ll be glad to.
A. on , affairs B. for, business C. with, matters D. at, things
10.Seldom _________ him recently, for you see I’m preparing for the project.
A. I meet B. do I meet C. I have meet D. have I met
11. Things that we are facing should be considered _______, so that we’ll deal with them
A. on all sides B. in order C. around the corner D. in place
12. It was Mary ______ Alice that got the first prize.
A. rather B. or rather C. rather than D. more than
13. The boy _______ a great interest in science.
A. developed B. invented C. made D. discovered
14. The little hero faced the enemy soldiers, ____________.
A. brave and calm B. bravely and calmly C. bravely and calm D. brave and calmly
15.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself _______.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
16. ________ of the noise, he shut the windows.
A. Tired B. To tire C. To be tired D. Being tired
17. Make sure _____ your luggage in the room when you leave.
A. you don’t leave B. you shouldn’t leave
C. not to forget D. you don’t forget
18. The media can often help solve problems and draw attention _____the situation _____help is needed.
A. in; that B. to; which C. in; where D. to; where
19. You can’t imagine what great trouble I have ______ I want very much.
A. to find the book B. finding the book C. found the book D. find the book
20. Compare your answers ______ these questions _____ those of your classmates.
A. to, with B. with, to C. to, to D. with, with
21. --Mum, is the pair of gloves ________ mine?
--Yes. You have to wear another pair.
A. washing B. have washed C. having washed D. being washed
22. The girl went to the cinema and ______ her homework _______.
A. made; unfinished B. left; to be unfinished C. left; unfinished D. left; finishing
23. I have lost my wallet again. It’s the third time this ______.
A. happened B. is happened C. has happened D. happens
24. ______ from his brother for a long time, the boy could hardly recognize him again.
A. Separating B. Separated C. By separating D. Being separated
Keys: 1-10 CCAAA DACAD 11-20 ACAAD AADBA 21-24 DCCB
過去分詞作表語和定語專練 1. The autumn wind sent the_________ leaves on the ground_________ here and there .
A. fallen ; flying B. falling ; to fly C. fallen ; flown D. falling ; flew 2. This is the old tomb in . A. finding ; the 1990's B. found ; the 1990s C. to find ; 1990's D. to be found ; 1990s 3. She took a deep breath to calm herself , but her voice still sounded . A. excitement B. excited C. exciting D. excitedly 4. All of us were by the question by a little girl . A. puzzled ; puzzling ; rose B. puzzling ; puzzled ; raised C. puzzled ; puzzling ; raised D. puzzled ; puzzled ; lifted 5. There was an look on his face when the actress appeared . A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitedly 6. The teachers to the concert arrived on time . A. were invited B. having been invited C. to be invited D. invited 7. Have you checked all the machines to Africa the following month ? A. to be sent B. sent C. sending D. being send 8. The problem at the meeting now is serious to us . A. to be discussed B. being discussed C. discussed D. discussing 9. In order to learn English well , you should improve your and _______ English . A. speaking ; writing B. spoken ; written
C. spoken ; writing D. speaking ; written 10. Don't worry. It's quite safe skating on the lake.
A. freezing B. frozen C. freeze D. having frozen
11. Did you see the big red car in front of Mary's house ? A. park B. parked C. parking D. to park 12. He came back from his holiday with health . A. greatly improved B. greatly improve C. great improved D. great improvement
13.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
14. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _________ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
Keys: 1-10 ABBCA DABBB 11-14 BACC