(Section A.1a)
1. used to do sth “過(guò)去常�！保ū磉^(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，暗示現(xiàn)在已不再如此，既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。）
e.g. He used to go swimming on Sundays ,didn’t / usedn’t he ? ( 反義疑問(wèn) )
否定式：used not to do 或didn’t use to do
e.g. He used not to play basketball .= He didn’t use to play basketball.（他以前不打籃球）
一般疑問(wèn)式：Did …use to ? 或 Used …to ?
e.g. Did you use to have long hair ? = Used you have to have long hair ?
辨析： be used to doing sth“習(xí)慣于做某事” e.g. He’s used to getting up early .
be used to do “被用來(lái)做…” e.g. This room is used to be a living room .
be used for ( doing)… “被用作…（目的，用途）” e.g. Wood can be used for making paper .
be used by… “被某人使用” e.g. French is used by Frenchmen .
比較： used to do& would do
① used to和would都可表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或行為，常可換用。
e.g. They would often hike into the mountains .= They used to hike into the mountains .
② used to含有較強(qiáng)的“今昔對(duì)比”的含義，而would無(wú)此含義
e.g. I do not swim so often as I used to我不像過(guò)去那樣常游泳了。（不能用would代替）
He would sometimes work into the night. 以前他常工作到深夜。（不表示現(xiàn)在他不工作到深夜）
③用would時(shí)，有時(shí)應(yīng)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)加以限制，而used to則可無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
e.g. He would go to see Mother every vacation. （那時(shí)）他每個(gè)假期去看望媽媽
He isn’t what he used to be. 他不再是過(guò)去的他。
(Section A 2b)
2. over here = come over here . over adv. “翻轉(zhuǎn)、橫越、遍布”
e.g. turn over The bridge is over the river . all over the world
3. play + the + 樂(lè)器 play the piano play+運(yùn)動(dòng)（器材） play soccer play chess play cards
4. on the swim team 類似的說(shuō)法還有：I’m on the soccer team 或I play on the soccer team.
5. .interest (n.&v.) “興趣, 名勝” e.g. He has no interest in the game .
interesting (adj.) “有趣的(對(duì)物)” e.g. It’s an interesting book .
(an interesting place = a place of interest “名勝” )
interested (adj.) “感興趣的(對(duì)人)” e.g. I’m interested in the book = The book interests me .
be interested in = take / show interest in … “對(duì)…感興趣”
6. People sure change. 人們的確是要變的。 sure在這里為副詞。e.g. It sure was cold. 天氣確實(shí)很冷。
sure ① 形容詞“肯定的” be sure e.g. Are you sure ?
be sure to do sth（務(wù)必做某事，肯定做某事） Be sure to telephone me .
be sure of / about doing sth（對(duì)…有把握） Are you sure of passing the exam ?
② 副詞“當(dāng)然，一定”＝Certainly ，Of course e.g. A: Are you going with me ? B: sure .
(Section A 3a)
7. still 我們用still來(lái)說(shuō)明某人或某物沒(méi)有變化。e.g. She still lives in Mexico.
位置：①still應(yīng)放在主要?jiǎng)釉~前面 e.g. He still lives in New Zealand.
② still應(yīng)放在be動(dòng)詞后面。e.g. He is still crazy after all these years.
③ still 應(yīng)放在像can, may, should這樣的助動(dòng)詞之后 e.g. She can still play the piano.
8．a(chǎn)lone ⑴ adj. “單獨(dú)的” [只作表語(yǔ),無(wú)感情色彩] ⑵ adv. “獨(dú)自” ⑶后置定語(yǔ)
lonely adj. “寂寞的” [可作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),有傷感]
e.g. I live alone , but I don’t feel lonely . “我一個(gè)人住,但我不覺(jué)得孤獨(dú).”
( Section A 3b )
9. be terrified of … 對(duì)…感到害怕 e.g. I’m terrible of the dark .
10. go / get to sleep “入睡，睡著” fall into a (fast) sleep（不能用復(fù)數(shù)）
go to bed “強(qiáng)調(diào)睡覺(jué)這一動(dòng)作” in bed “臥床，睡著”
asleep (adj) （注：只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)。） fall asleep be asleep (睡著的狀態(tài))
sleeping (n.) sleeping pills sleeping car the sleeping man
( Section B. 2c )
11. all the time = always 一直 chew gum 嚼口香糖
( Section B. 3a )
12. these days “現(xiàn)在，這幾天” “…but these days I get up early and stay in school all day.”
13. Then I go right home and eat dinner. right adv.“立刻,馬上” right away right now
14. sb spend…（in ）doing sth… 花(時(shí)間或金錢)去做某事
e.g. They spent two hours (in) looking for the cat .
sb spend…on sth… 在…上花(時(shí)間或金錢)
e.g. She spends a lot of money on clothes .
比較：It takes sb ….to do sth
15． anymore 我們用anymore來(lái)表示情況或活動(dòng)的變化。
e.g. She used to live in New York , but she doesn’t live there anymore.
① 如果動(dòng)詞（或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）相同，則第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞可省略。
e.g. She used to live in London, but she doesn’t anymore.
② anymore可不與used to連用 e.g. She doesn’t live in New York anymore.
③ anymore只能和否定詞連用 They never talk to me anymore. No one likes him anymore.
16. hardly “否定副詞,幾乎不” ( hard ①adj. 困難 ,硬的 ② adv. 努力地)
e.g. There will be hardly space for anybody else .= There will be enough space for nobody else .
hardly ever = very seldom. 很少 e.g. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts.
17. chat with 與某人聊天
18. ( Section B. 3b ) during / in the last / past + 時(shí)間段 “在最近的某段時(shí)間以來(lái)”
e.g. in the last few years Great changes have taken place in Guiyang in the past twenty years .
19. (SELF CHECK) stressed out 緊張的，有壓力的
（READING）
1. He is a fifteen-year-old boy . He is fifteen years old .
2. his father’s death e.g. His father is death.(n.) = His father is dead.(adj.) = His father died.(v.)
3. afford 有足夠的時(shí)間或金錢去做某事（常在can ，could ，be able to之后，后接不定式，名詞或代詞）
e.g. She couldn’t afford to pay for his education. I can’t afford to buy a ticket to the concert。
pay for（主語(yǔ)必為人） 付錢 e.g. I paid（him）five yuan（for the book）。
4. His mother looked after him as well as she could . 盡其所能
as well as = not only …but also… “既…又…”
5. get into trouble “陷入困境，受到懲罰，入獄”
6. give up doing = stop doing “放棄做某事”
7. decide (v.) --- decision (n.) “決定”
make a decision = decide e.g. He believed his daughter had made a good decision .
decide to do sth “決定做某事” She decided to buy a digital camera online .
8. agree with sb “同意某人的意見(jiàn)” e.g. I agree with you . I agreed with what you said .
agree to do sth “同意做某事” e.g. I agreed to go with you .
9. even though = even if “即使，縱然”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 Even though it rains , I’ll go out .
10. not …any longer = no longer (不再 → 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)We can’t wait any longer .= We can wait no longer .
not …any more = no more (不再→ 瞬間動(dòng)詞)e.g.The baby cried no more .= The baby didn’t cry any more .
11. proud (adj) －pride (n) take pride in… = be proud of …( doing ) “以…而自豪”