一. 單元詞語(yǔ)知識(shí)：

1. base

（1）n. [C]基礎(chǔ)；底座；基地；根據(jù)地

In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.

在1849年，他去了英格蘭并將倫敦作為他革命工作的基地。

（2）vt. 基于；把……建立在……上；以……為基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)

The story is based on a true story.

base one’s opinion（up）on the facts把自己的觀點(diǎn)建立在真實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上

There’s a house the base of the mountain.

A. in B. over C. at D. by

2. however

1）（無(wú)比較級(jí)）adv.

（1）（作how的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式）怎么竟會(huì)

However did you make such a mistake? 你怎么竟會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤？

（2）（作連接性副詞）不管……如何；多么……（可修飾形容詞、副詞，后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，句子應(yīng)該半倒裝=no matter how）

However hard he tried, he couldn’t remember the text.

不論他多么努力，他也不能熟記課文。

（3）（起副詞作用）但是；可是；不過(guò)（多插在句子中間，有時(shí)可放在句首或句尾，多用逗號(hào)與句子隔開）

① The Einsteins, however, couldn’t pay for the education that young Albert needed.

然而愛因斯坦夫婦付不起小阿爾伯特所需學(xué)費(fèi)。

② I’d like to go with you, however, my hands are full.

我很想和你一塊去，但是我忙不過(guò)來(lái)。

2）conj. 怎么樣……都行（引起狀語(yǔ)從句）

He can go however he likes. 他愛怎么去就怎么去好了。

however與but

（1）but是連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列的分句，常置于句中，在but與分句之間沒(méi)有逗號(hào)。如：

① I like the film but I have no time to see it. 我喜歡這部影片，但是沒(méi)有時(shí)間去看。

② I’d like to go, but I’m too busy. 我想去，但太忙。

③ Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the station?

打擾一下，請(qǐng)告訴我到車站怎么走好嗎？

（2）however不能像but那樣直接連接兩個(gè)分句，必須另起一句。however在句中的位置非常靈活，可置于句首、句中或句末，常用逗號(hào)將however與句子隔開。如：

① She worked hard. However, she wasn’t successful.

她非常努力，（盡管如此）然而她沒(méi)有成功。

② He was mistaken, however. 然而他弄錯(cuò)了。

③ There is, however, another side to this problem.

然而，這個(gè)問(wèn)題還有它的另一面。

④ It’s raining hard. However, I decide to go out.

雨下得很大，然而我決定出去。

[例1] , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

A. However late is he B. However he is late

C. However is he late D. However late he is

[例2] However hard you , you will never succeed in pleasing her.

A. should try B. will try C. would try D. try

3. so that

so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

（1）They stopped at Hangzhou so that they might visit the West Lake.

他們?cè)诤贾萃Ａ粢员銥g覽西湖。（目的狀語(yǔ)從句）

（2）She had a raincoat, so that she was not wet.

她穿了雨衣，因而沒(méi)淋濕。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

so that用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中一般應(yīng)該用may, can, will這類情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；當(dāng)它們用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)根據(jù)情況而定：用陳述語(yǔ)氣表示“實(shí)際結(jié)果”，一般不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；若表示“可能的結(jié)果”，要用may；若表示“不可避免的結(jié)果”，則用must。如：

（1）You are careless in your studies so that you may fail.

你在學(xué)習(xí)上粗心，可能會(huì)不及格。

（2）You are very careless in your studies so that you must fail.

你在學(xué)習(xí)上粗心，一定會(huì)不及格。

[例1] As a teacher, I don’t think children can be given homework to do.

A. so little; so much B. such little; so much

C. such little; such much D. so little; such much

[例2] I hurried I wouldn’t be late for class.

A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless

[例3] She spoke soft voice that we could hardly hear her.

A. such a B. in such C. in so D. in such a

4. in order to以便，為了

（1）He sat in front in order to look at the blackboard clearly.

他坐在前排，以便清楚地看見黑板。

（2）We started early in order to arrive before afternoon.

我們?cè)缭绯霭l(fā)是為了在下午之前到達(dá)。

in order that / so that“以便”后跟從句；in order to與so as to在意思上是一樣的，但so as to一般不放在句首。

（1）We must get up early in order that / so that we can have enough time to have breakfast.

我們必須早點(diǎn)起床，以便有充足的時(shí)間吃早飯。

（2）In order to arrive there in time, he started at 6 o’clock in the morning.

為了及時(shí)到達(dá)那里，他早上六點(diǎn)鐘就出發(fā)了。

（3）I got up early in the morning in order not to / so as not to miss the first bus.

我們?cè)绯吭缙穑瑸榱瞬诲e(cuò)過(guò)頭班公共汽車。

[例1] He got up early he could get there on time.

A. in order to B. in order that

C. so as to D. that

[例2] He started early catch the morning train.

A. in order to B. in order that

C. son as D. so that

5. measure

（1）n. 量度；尺寸

A meter is a measure of length. 公尺是長(zhǎng)度的計(jì)量單位。

（2）措施

What measures are you going to take? 他們打算采取什么措施？

（3）vt. / vi. 測(cè)量；量

Please measure the baby. 請(qǐng)給小孩量一下身高。

to one’s measure 按照某人的尺寸

6. even if的用法

even if=even though即使；盡管。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

（1）They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功他們也會(huì)支持你。

（2）I am going to expose him, even if he is a friend of mine.

盡管他是我的朋友，我也要揭發(fā)他。

7. taste

taste的用法如下：

（1）taste作行為動(dòng)詞，表示“品嘗”、“嘗味”。

Taste the fish and tell me whether you like it or not. 嘗嘗這魚，告訴我你是否喜歡。

（2）作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“嘗起來(lái)……”，“有……味道”，后面接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。

This kind of food tastes good. 這種食物嘗起來(lái)味道不錯(cuò)。

（3）作名詞，意為“味道”，“味覺”；“興趣”，“愛好”。

① I’ve got a cold and so I have no taste. 我傷風(fēng)了，嘗不出味道。

② She has a taste for foreign travel. 她有到國(guó)外旅行的愛好。

③ Modern art is not to everyone’s taste. 現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)不見得合所有人的口味。

（1）能作連系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞的還有：

sound聽起來(lái) look看起來(lái) smell聞起來(lái) feel摸起來(lái)

① The music sounds wonderful. 這音樂(lè)聽起來(lái)美極了。

② The meat smells bad. 這肉變味了。

③ He looks quite strong. 他看起來(lái)很強(qiáng)壯。

④ The cloth feels soft. 這布料摸起來(lái)很柔軟。

（2）這五個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。

The music is sounded wonderful.

The music sounds wonderful.

[例1] Popular music is liked by many people, but it is not to everyone’s .

A. manners B. share C. smell D. taste

[例2] Apples, oranges and pears are famous, but which do you think tasts ?

A. most B. first C. best D. nicer

8. practise

vt. / vi. 實(shí)踐，練習(xí)

（1）用作vt。后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞（不能接不定式）作賓語(yǔ)

① You should practise your spoken English. 你應(yīng)該練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。

② They practise singing a new song. 他們正練習(xí)唱新歌。

（2）用作vi.如：

The team is practising for the match on Sunday. 這個(gè)隊(duì)正在為星期天的比賽訓(xùn)練。

（3）這兩個(gè)詞只有一個(gè)字母之差，都解作“實(shí)踐”，“練習(xí)”，讀音也相同。practice是不可數(shù)名詞。例如：

You need more practice before you can play basketball for our team.

你需要更多的訓(xùn)練，才能為我們隊(duì)打籃球。

（4）在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)里，practice也可用作動(dòng)詞。意義上相當(dāng)于practise。

（5）practise是動(dòng)詞，可用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式，但不能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。

例如：

① You won’t become a good singer if you don’t practise. 如果你不練習(xí)的話，你不會(huì)成為一名好歌手。

② You must practise this movement more. 你們必須多練習(xí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作。

③ He practises speaking English every morning. 每天早上他練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)。

We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into .

A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed

9. mix

（1）vt. / vi. 混和；攪和

The oxygen we breathe in mixes with our blood and gives us life. 我們吸入的氧氣和我們的血液相結(jié)合，給我們以生命。

（2）mixture n.混和物

Air is a mixture of gases. 空氣是多種氣體的混和物。

mix up拌和；攪勻；混淆

You should mixed up flour and water. 你們應(yīng)當(dāng)把面粉和水?dāng)噭颉?/p>

You can’t mix oil water.

A. with B. and C. of D. A and B

10. deal with和do with

（1）deal with“對(duì)付……”，“處理……”其中deal為不及物動(dòng)詞

（2）do with“對(duì)付……”，“處理……”do是及物動(dòng)詞

比較：

What will you do with the mater?

How shall we deal with the problem?

此外：deal with還可以作“論述”，“與……打交道”之意。

① His lecture at the conference will deal with first aid.

他在醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議上的發(fā)言將談到有關(guān)急救的問(wèn)題。

② We have dealt with that company for 10 years. 我們同那家公司打了10年的交道。

11. likely和possible

這兩個(gè)詞的意思相似，用法上稍有區(qū)別。

likely的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以是sb.也可以是sth.；possible的邏輯主語(yǔ)不可以是sb.，即不能用sb. is possible to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

① I’m likely to be very busy tomorrow. 明天我可能很忙。

② He is likely to come（or: It is likely that he will come.）他或許會(huì)來(lái)。

③ Do you think it’s likely to rain? 你認(rèn)為可能下雨嗎？

④ It is possible that he will come soon. 他大概會(huì)來(lái)的。

It’s nearly ten o’clock and father walk in at any moment.

A. is possible to B. is maybe to

C. is likely to D. is able to

12. make+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)

（1）make + 賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的不定式。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。如：

① Taking some medicine made me feel much better.

服了這些藥使我感到好多了。

② In the old society, the landlord made the farmers work day and night.

舊社會(huì)地主讓農(nóng)民不分白天黑夜的干活。

上述例句若變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)要用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：

① I was made to feel much better by taking some medicine.

② The boy was made to stand under a tree.

③ In the old society, the farmers were made to work day and night.

（2）make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意思是“使某人/某事被……”。例如：

① The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.

發(fā)言人提高了嗓音以便別人聽到他說(shuō)的話。

② We should not make our plan known to everybody.

我們不應(yīng)該使每個(gè)人都知道我們的計(jì)劃。

③ She didn’t know French at all, so she couldn’t make herself understood.

她根本不懂法語(yǔ)，所以她不能表明自己的意思。

（3）make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意思是“使某人/某事成為……”。如：

① The interesting story made him very happy. 這個(gè)有趣的故事使他很高興。

② They have made the house clean and tidy. 他們把房子收拾得干凈而整潔。

③ The smoke made the room dirty. 煙將房子弄臟了。

13. in future與in the future

in future“今后”，是from now on的意思。

in the future“將來(lái)”，與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用。試比較：

① Be more careful in future. 今后要多加小心。

② She will become an able scientist after her graduation in the future.

將來(lái)她畢業(yè)之后會(huì)成為一個(gè)能干的科學(xué)家。

14. happen vi.

eg .

（1）Whatever happens , we must keep clam .

（2）He happened to be out then .

（3）It happened that I had no money with me .

△ happen to sb. happen to do sth.

△ 判斷正誤：

The accident was happened last night .

The accident happened last night .

辨析：happen，take place，occur

（1）happen指事情的發(fā)生，往往帶有“偶然”或“未能預(yù)見”的意思。

（2）take place指事先布置或策劃好而后發(fā)生，沒(méi)有“偶然”的意味，有時(shí)還有“舉行”的意思。

eg .

Write about the changes which have taken place in China .

（3）occur常指意外或預(yù)料中的事情發(fā)生。當(dāng)主體指具體或確實(shí)發(fā)生的事件時(shí)，occur可與happen換用。但在表示否定意義時(shí)，以用occur為好。

eg .

（1）Many happy events occured during their visit to their birthplace .

（2）The accident happened yesterday .

（3）It occured to me that I had forgot to bring money .

15. hurt

（1）She hurt my feelings .

（2）I hurt my back when I fell .

hurt，injure，wound

判斷正誤：

① He badly hurt .（ ） He was badly hurt .（ ）

（3）He fell and hurt his arm . 他摔一跤，摔壞了胳膊。

（4）He was injured in a fire .

（5）The bullet wounded him in the leg .

△

（1）身體內(nèi)部的受傷不能用wound

① His internal organs were injured / hurt .

（2）hurt的過(guò)去分詞能作表語(yǔ)，wounded和injured可以作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

② I saw a hurt man . I saw an injure man .

（3）hurt可作為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“疼，難受”，其他兩詞不能。

③ My left foot hurts .

（4）injure和wound也可能對(duì)感情的傷害。

④ What he said injured me deeply .

（5）hurt的名詞是hurt，injure的名詞是injury , wound的名詞是wound。

16. a bit

（1）adv.

① My legs still hurt a bit .

② Jane thought she would lose weight by eating a bit less .

③ We like this model of TV , but its size is a bit too large for us .

（2）n.

④ There is no sugar in the box , but you may find a bit in the bag .

a bit of：

⑤ This is a bit of good advice .

⑥ She is not a bit tired though she works all day long in the office .

17. advise

（1）He advise an early start .

（2）The doctor advised me to take more exercise .

（3）I advise waiting till proper time .

（4）Will you advise me which one to buy ?

（5）I advise that he go at once .

（6）I will do as you advise .

△ advise sb.（not）to do sth. advise sb. against doing sth. advise sb. on sth.

注意：

（1）advise之后可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)或接帶不定式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)；但不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。

（2）advise后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

18. diet

（1）Proper diet and exercise are both important for health .

△ ① be on a diet

② I mustn’t have Chocolate . I’m on a diet .

辨析：diet，food

diet和food都可用“食物”解，但diet指的是習(xí)慣或規(guī)定的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物，如病人的療養(yǎng)飲食，而food是一般的用語(yǔ)，泛指所有可吃的東西。

eg .

① We must have food to eat and clothes to wear .

② Proper diet and exercise are both important to health .

19. main

（1）adj.

Can you follow the main points of his speech ?

（2）n.

The new house is not yet connected to the mains .

20. help

（1）n.

① Thank you for your help .

② The girl is now quite a help to her mother .

（2）vt.

① He often helps me .

② Help yourself to some fish .

③ The medicine helps a lot .

△ help out help sb. with sth. help yourself to … can’t help doing …

can’t help but do … with one’s help …

辨析：help sb.（to）do sth. 和help（to）do sth.

（1）help sb.（to）do sth. 幫助某人做某事

help“幫助”講，接帶to或不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，一般說(shuō)來(lái)直接參與了幫助的行為，不定式前就省去to。

① He often helps me carry boxes .

② He helps my little son to learn English .

（2）help（to）do sth.

help接帶to或不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)。

③ The book helps（to）learn your English .