[專題輔導]高中英語常用詞語辨析
一、believe和believe in 用法不一樣
[觀察分析]
1. Long ago ,people believed that the world was flat.很久以前,人們相信地球是扁平的。
2. I can quite believe you .我很信得過你。
3. We believe him to be honest.我們相信他是誠實的。
4. I don’t believe in fate. 我不相信命運。
5. Do you believe in the Bible?你相信《圣經(jīng)》嗎?
6. I don’t believe what you have said because I don’t believe in you .我不信你說的話,因為我不信任你。
[思考歸納]
believe 和believe in 在意義上有何區(qū)別?
believe一般是指相信某人_______;believe in 一般指_______某人或是對某種理論的____。
二、 情態(tài)動詞+have done結(jié)構(gòu)的含義及其運用
[觀察分析]
1. You should have finished your homework earlier.你應該早就把作業(yè)做好了的。
2. It is wet on the ground .It must have rained last night.地上濕的。昨晚一定下雨了。
3. He is a successful businessman. In the past years, he must have worked very hard.他是一個成功的商人。在過去的幾年里,他一定工作很努力。
4. There is no light in his house. He might have gone out.他的房子里沒有燈光。他可能出去了。
5. You are late again. You shouldn’t have got up so late. 你又遲到了。你不該起的這么晚。
6. You needn’t have lent the book to him. He has got it.你不必把書給他的。他已經(jīng)有了。
7. You are not an honest girl. You ought not to have told lies to others.你不是個誠實的女孩子。你不該跟別人撒謊。
8. Can’t you see the sign – No Smoking ? You ought not to have smoked here .你沒看到那個標志嗎?你不該抽煙的。
[思考歸納]
問題1.should / ought to / might /need 等 +have done 表示什么含義并如何運用?
回答:這樣的句型常用來表示該做的/可能要做的/需要做的事情,沒有做或發(fā)生的時候;他們的否定形式表示不該做或發(fā)生的事情而___#_____。
問題2. must +have done 什么含義如何運用?
回答:這樣的句型常用于______:對于發(fā)生了或是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的猜測。
三、初探“with everyone clapping and having fun”結(jié)構(gòu)
[觀察分析]
1. With the spring coming, the trees turn green.春天來了,樹木變綠了。
2. It’s impolite of you to sit with your feet pointing to others.你坐著用腳指著別人是不禮貌的。
3. He soon fell asleep with the lights still burning.他很快就睡著了,燈還亮著。
4. He lay on the grass ,with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上,眼睛看著天空。
5. The parents went out ,with their children staying at home .父母們都出去了,孩子們呆在家里。
[思考歸納]
1. 這個結(jié)構(gòu)是如何構(gòu)成的?
回答:with 是_____后面跟名詞、代詞做______,然后后面再跟動詞的______形式做賓語_____。(因為賓語和動詞在邏輯上有_______關(guān)系。)
2. 這個結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表示什么意義?
回答:整個with結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作______。例如方式狀語、伴隨狀語等。
四、break up和 break down 用法辯異
[觀察分析]
1. The ship broke up on the rocks.船觸礁破裂了。
2. What broke up their friendship?誰破壞了他們的友誼。
3. Their marriage broke up . 他們的婚姻破裂了。
4. The police had to use force to broke up the crowd警察不得不用武力驅(qū)散人群。.
5. I am sorry to arrive late, but my car broke down halfway.抱歉我來晚了,我的車在半路上壞了。
6. The peace talks broke down without any agreement being reached.和談失敗了,沒有達成任何協(xié)議。
7. I can’t have you breaking down in health.我不能讓你的身體一天天垮下去。
8. Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉會在胃里分解。
思考歸納
這兩個詞組分別是什么意思?
break up 是指__________________。例如解散人群,關(guān)系破裂、某物破碎等。
Break down 是指________________。例如車發(fā)生故障,計劃等失敗、身體垮了、分解物質(zhì)等。
五、matter一詞值得一探
[觀察分析]
1. Is anything the matter ? 有什么問題嗎?
2. You look a bit pale. What’s the matter with you ? 你看起來臉色有點蒼白。
你怎么了?
3. There is an important matter I would like to talk to you about.有一件重要的事情我要跟你討論。
4. It doesn’t matter whether it rains or not tomorrow.明天是否下雨沒什么關(guān)系的。
5. It doesn’t matter that you came late. 你來晚了沒什么關(guān)系。
6. Pain doesn’t matter to him. He is very strong.痛苦對他來說沒什么關(guān)系。他身體很強壯。
7. It doesn’t matter to me which one you choose.對我來說你選擇哪一個都 沒關(guān)系。
8. No matter what you do ,I won’t forgive you.不管你做什么,我都不會原諒你。
9. No matter where he is ,I will find him.不管他在哪,我都會找到他。
10. No matter how late you come, I will wait for you .不管你來得有多晚,我都會等你。
[思考歸納]
1. 當matter 用作名詞是何意義?如何使用?
回答:matter用作名詞表示_________,一般在句中用的時候要在matter的前面加上________。
2. 當matter用作動詞是和意義?如何使用?
回答:matter用作動詞表示________,一般用于否定句或是_______;后面可以跟what ,where,when ,whether等引導的從句。
3. no matter 引導的是什么從句,在句中做什么成分,如何來構(gòu)成。
no matter 一般引導__________從句,它后面可以跟_______________________等引導的從句
六、 to one’s surprise 結(jié)構(gòu)知多少
[觀察分析]
1. To my surprise , he could escape from that big fire.令我驚訝的是,他能夠從那場大火里逃脫出來。
2. To our great surprise, our team won the football match. 令我們很吃驚的是,我們隊贏了足球賽。
3. To my joy, I could pass the difficult math exam.令我高興的是,我能 通過那次很難的數(shù)學考試。
4. To his sorrow, his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.令他悲傷的是,他的整座房子都在地震中毀掉了。
5. To her delight, she has got a new job in the company.令她高興的是,她在那個公司里找到了一個新工作。
6. To our satisfaction, he could get the first prize in the competition. 我們滿意的是,他在比賽中獲得了一等獎。
7. To his amazement, his parents got him in such a short time.令他吃驚的是,他的父母親在那么短的時間里就回來了。
8. To our excitement, we won the battle against the enemies.令我們激動的是,我們贏得了跟敵人的戰(zhàn)斗。
[思考歸納]
to one’s surprise 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)是怎樣組成的,表示什么意義并如何使用?
回答:這樣的詞組一般是to 后面跟______ +表示感情或是情緒變化的____ ,通常表示某人的一種情緒和感情。一般在句中作 _________。
七、have sb do 與 have sb doing 用法比較
[觀察分析]
1. The boss often has workers work for a long time.那個老板經(jīng)常讓他的工人長時間工作。
2. I would like to have him help me to finish the work.我想讓他幫我完成那個工作。
3. Who would you rather have post this letter ? 你想讓誰幫你寄這封信?
4. Don’t have the machine working all the time.不要讓這個機器一直在運轉(zhuǎn)。
5. It’s impolite to have him waiting outside for such a long time.讓他在外面等這么長時間是不禮貌的。
6. You should be careful! Have the fire burning till tomorrow morning.你應該小心。讓火一直燃燒到明天早上。
[思考歸納]
1. 兩個詞組分別是什么意義?
回答:have sb do 表示_________ 與 make /let sb do 近義;have sb doing 表示_________。與keep sb doing 近義。
2. 兩個詞組在用法上有什么不同?
回答:前者表示讓某人去做了某事,所以用________(have sb to do );后者表示讓某人一直做某事,所以用__________(have sb doing)
八、初探現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語
[觀察分析]
1. He came running back to tell us the news. 他跑著回來告訴我們這個消息。
2. Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.如果你整天玩,就會浪費你的寶貴時間。
3. He husband died ,leaving her with five children.她丈夫死了,留下了她和她的五個孩子。
4. Knowing that they were going there ,the students began to make preparations.當學生們知道他們要去那兒,就開始作準備了。
5. Not feeling very well, he went to see the doctor.因為感到不舒服,他就去看醫(yī)生了。
6. Being ill ,he didn’t go to school.因為生病,他就沒去上學。
7. Being afraid of his parents, he didn’t go downstairs.因為害怕他的父母,他沒有下樓下樓。
8. Reading English novels , he seldom looks up new words in a dictionary.他看小說時很少少查字典。
[思考歸納]
1. 在句中為什么要用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語?
回答:如果分詞的邏輯主語和句中的主語是________,那就用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中狀語。
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以作什么狀語?
回答:現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以做__________________________。
九、 初探what引導的名詞性從句
[觀察分析]
1. What he said is true.他說的是真的。
2. What really interested him was to travel outside. 確實能吸引他的是出去旅游。
3. Do you know what we are going to do this evening.你知道今晚我們要做什么嗎?
4. What he does is also what I want to do . 他做的就是我想做的。
5. You are welcome. That’s what I should do .你太客氣了啊。是我應該做的。
6. He didn’t know what was the matter.他不知道發(fā)生什么了。
7. That’s what I am doing now.那就是我現(xiàn)在在做的事情。
8. Our city is not what it used to be .我們的城市再也不是過去的那個樣子了。
[思考歸納]
1. what引導的名詞性從句在句中可做什么成分?
回答:what引導的名詞性從句可以在句中做_______、________、________等。
2.這些名詞性從句中,什么時候用what來引導?
回答:首先,判斷這些從句是什么從句,再結(jié)合中文意思,最后去分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。What在句中可以作 ________、_________ 、________等。
十、 in order to, in order that, so that 與 so as to用法探異
[觀察分析]
1. People must eat in order to live.人們必須吃飯才能生活。
2. He works very hard in order to support his family.他努力工作是為了養(yǎng)家糊口。
3. He got up very early in order to catch the first bus.他起的很早是為了趕上頭班車。
4. We should work hard in order that we can pass the exam.為了能通過考試,我們應該努力學習。
5. They talked in a very low voice in order that they could not be heard.為了不讓別人聽見他們講話,他們用很低的聲音講話。
6. In order to get home on time, he didn’t rest on his way . 為了能夠準時回到家,他在路上都沒有休息。
7. We hurried so as to be in time.我們趕緊走,好及時到。
8. Speak clearly so that everybody can understand you .請說清楚點,這樣每個人都能明白你。
9. He often told lies,so that no one believe him .他經(jīng)常撒謊,都沒人相信他。
10. Please wear your sun glasses so that the sun won’t burn your skin.請帶上太陽眼鏡,這樣太陽就不會曬傷你的皮膚。
[思考歸納]
1. 這些詞組是什么意思?
回答:這幾個詞組在意思是差不多的,都表示__________。
2. 這些詞組在句中作什么成分?用法上有什么不同?
回答:這些詞組在句中一般做狀語,表示______。so as to 和 in order to 后面一般跟________;前者引導的動詞不定式不可放在______,而后者引導的可放在______。so that 和in order that 一般后面跟_______。
責任編輯:李芳芳