08屆高一全國(guó)中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)能力競(jìng)賽語(yǔ)法冠詞語(yǔ)法精講精練

(一)不定冠詞的用法

不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式。a用在以輔音音標(biāo)開頭的詞前,an用在以元音音標(biāo)開頭的詞前。

a house,a useful book,a one-eyed camel,a European village

an hour,an umbrella,an office,an exercise

不定冠詞的用法主要有:

1)泛指某人或某物,不具體說(shuō)明其為何人或何物。在行文敘述時(shí),第一次提到某個(gè)人或事物時(shí),通常使用不定冠詞,此為“泛指”。例如:

A girl is asking for you on the phone.

My mother works in a hospital.

2)用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示一類人或事物,即以一個(gè)個(gè)體代表整類人或事物,此為“類指”。例如:

A plane is faster than a train.飛機(jī)比火車快。

A snake is a cold-blooded animal.蛇是冷血?jiǎng)游铩?/p>

3)表示“一”,但數(shù)量概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。例如:

They waited there for an hour.他們?cè)谀堑攘艘粋�(gè)小時(shí)。

Rome wasn't built in a day.羅馬非一天能建成。(即:冰凍三尺非一日之寒。)

如特別強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,應(yīng)使用one。例如:

I have only one dictionary and I need it myself.

4)用在表示時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等計(jì)量單位的名詞前表示“每一”,相當(dāng)于per或every。例如:

The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.飛機(jī)的速度是每小時(shí)300公里。

The doctor told her to take the medicine three times a day.醫(yī)生叫她一天服三次藥。

We work five days a week.我們一周工作五天。

5)用于抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞前(特別是這兩種名詞有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)),使之意義具體化,表示“一種”、“一件”、“一份”等。例如:

It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)是一種榮譽(yù)。(honour是抽象名詞,an honour指一件榮譽(yù)的事)

There was heavy rain last week.(rain為物質(zhì)名詞,這里指一場(chǎng)雨)

6)用于序數(shù)詞(后加名詞)前,表示又一個(gè),又一次。例如:

He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又試第六次,結(jié)果成功了。

When I sat down,a fourth student rose to speak.當(dāng)我坐下時(shí),又有第四個(gè)同學(xué)起立發(fā)言。

7)用于某一個(gè)人名、地名前,使專有名詞普通化。例如:

A Mr.Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。

Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重慶被稱作西部的上海。(Shanghai是專有名詞,本句中a Shanghai指和上海一樣繁華的城市)

8)用于某些固定詞組中,是這些詞組不可缺少的組成部分。例如:

in a moment立刻,馬上 once upon a time從前

as a result (of)作為(……)的結(jié)果 in a hurry急忙地

in a word一句話,總而言之 once in a while偶爾地

have a good time過(guò)得很愉快 have a word with與……說(shuō)句話

have/take a look (at)看一看 have/take a rest休息一下

take an active part in積極參加 (比較:take part in參加,不能說(shuō)take a part in)

do sb.a favour幫某人的忙 put an end to結(jié)束

at a mouthful一大口地 all of a sudden突然地

(二)不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合

1)不可數(shù)名詞(物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞和專有名詞)前通常不用冠詞;可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指時(shí)其前也不用冠詞。例如:

Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.水加熱變成蒸汽,遇冷則變成冰。

On Sundays shops are always crowded with people.

2)稱呼語(yǔ)以及表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))時(shí),前面不用冠詞。例如:

Will you help me to solve the maths problem,Mother?

Bush Jr.was elected president of the United States.

3)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的代詞this,that,my,your,whose,which,some,any等修飾時(shí),不用冠詞。例如:

They had no children.

Whose bike is this?

4)表示節(jié)日、月份、星期、學(xué)科、運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目以及三餐飯的名稱的名詞前通常不用冠詞。例如:

Christmas (Day)is coming.

We will hold a meeting on Friday.

Maths is as interesting as physics.

Let's go and play football,shall we?

Let's go and watch them play chess.

We went out for a walk after supper.

季節(jié)、月份、日期前如有限制性定語(yǔ)修飾,應(yīng)用定冠詞,如表示“某一個(gè)”或“一種”時(shí),也可用不定冠詞。例如:

He graduated from school in the summer of 1990.

We had a terribly hot summer this year.

特指某頓飯時(shí)可加定冠詞,有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)三餐飯名稱前可用不定冠詞。例如:

What do you think of the dinner?你認(rèn)為晚餐如何?

They had a wonderful lunch.他們吃了頓豐盛的午餐。

5)as引出的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,作表語(yǔ)的名詞提前,通常不用冠詞。例如:

Child as he was,he knew two foreign languages.雖然他是個(gè)孩子,卻懂得兩門外語(yǔ)。

6)報(bào)紙的標(biāo)題、書名、劇本提示等中常省略冠詞。例如:

Workers On Strike工人在罷工

7)某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中名詞前不用冠詞,具體名詞表示抽象概念。例如:

He goes to school by bus,but I go to school on foot.

Postmen deliver newspapers and letters from door to door.

He was so tired that he went to bed without supper.

責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳