【簡介】現(xiàn)在完成時是初中英語中的語法重點之一，是中考英語中考查動詞時態(tài)的重點之一，也是同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)的難點之一，所以掌握好它是非常重要的。
第一展臺【動詞結(jié)構(gòu)】
have / has +過去分詞
說明：第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余都用have；規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞與過去式相同，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞見不規(guī)則動詞過去分詞表。例如：I have already cleaned my bedroom. Jim has heard from his father twice.
第二展臺【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
肯定句 主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 + 其它
否定句 主語 + have / has+ not + 過去分詞 + 其它
疑問句及答語 Have / Has + 主語 +過去分詞+ 其它?
Yes, 主語+have / has. No, 主語+have / has not.
第三展臺【信息標志】
現(xiàn)在完成時常有already, yet, ever, never, just, before, since..., for..., these days等信息提示詞。
第四展臺【用法】
1． 表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 例如：
-Lucy, have you found your ticket?
-Not yet.
2． 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用。例如：
-Do you know Jack well?
-Certainly. We have been friends since ten years ago.
同學(xué)們，本單元我們開始學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時，現(xiàn)在完成的構(gòu)成是：主語+have / has + 動詞的過去分詞。 你們知道動詞的過去分詞是如何構(gòu)成的嗎？動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成分兩種情況：規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。
１． 規(guī)則動詞的變化
構(gòu)成法 例詞
1．一般直接在詞尾加-ed work-worked, open-opened
2．以e 結(jié)尾的詞直接加-d live-lived, skate-skated
3．以"輔音字母＋y"結(jié)尾的詞，改y為i，再加-ed study-studied, hurry-hurried
4．以"元音字母＋y"結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-ed play-played, stay-stayed
5．以重讀閉音節(jié)或r 音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped, plan-planned, prefer-preferred
２． 不規(guī)則動詞的變化，需牢記課本上的不規(guī)則動詞表。
下面說一下規(guī)則動詞過去分詞－ed的讀音，只需牢記以下三條規(guī)則：
1) 在/t/, /d/后，讀/Ｉd/。例如：start-started /`sta:tId/， need-needed /`ni:dId/
2) 在/p/, /k/, /f/, /t/, /t/, /s/, //, // 等清輔音的后面發(fā)/t/。例如：stop-stopped /st pt/, look-looked /lukt/, laugh-laughed /la:ft/, watch-watched /w t t/, fish-fished /fI t/, notice-noticed /`n utIst/
3) 其它情況下一律發(fā)/d/。例如：answer-answered /`a:ns d/, live-lived /lIvd/
現(xiàn)在完成時專項訓(xùn)練
一、 選擇填空。
1. -Where's Mr Zhang?
-He ________ London.
A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to
2. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?
-________ you ________ your homework yet?
A. Do, finish B. Are, finishing
C. Did, finish D. Have, finished
3. The film ____ for half an hour.
A. has begun B. has been begun
C. has been on D. began
4. -Nice to see you. I ________ you for a long time.
-I ________ in Beijing. I've just come back.
A. hadn't seen, am B. haven't seen, was
C. didn't see, will be D. haven't seen, shall be
5. -____ you ______ a wash yet?
-Yes, I ______ a moment ago.
A. Had, had, washed
B. Did, have, washed
C. Have, had, washed
D. Have, had, have washed
二、 根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。
1． 吉姆還沒有完成他的作業(yè)，所以他不能和朋友一起出去。
Jim ________ ________ his
homework ________, so he ____ ____ out with his friends.
2． 自從1982年以來我就一直在這所學(xué)校教書。
I ________ ________ English at this school ________ 1982.
3． --史密斯一家人來中國有三年了嗎？
--是的。
-______ the Smiths ________ ________China ________three years？
-Yes, they ________.
4． --你到哪兒去了？
--我去圖書館了。
-Where ______ you ______?
-I __ ____ ________ ______ the library.
5． --她父親入黨多久了？
--已有二十年了。
-How long ______ her father ______ a Party member?
-________twenty years.
參考答案：
一、1-5 DDCBC
二、1. hasn't finished, yet, can't go 2. have taught, since 3. Have, been in, for, have 4. have, been, have been to 5. has, been, For