暑假英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)
一、 重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)：
（1）動(dòng)名詞放在句首作主語(yǔ)和跟在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的用法。
（2）動(dòng)詞不定式的用法（作后置定語(yǔ)的用法）。
（3）中考中what和how的區(qū)分考查。
（4）how提問方式狀語(yǔ)，鞏固how often , how soon, how long和how far的用法。
（5）重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)。
（1）動(dòng)名詞：放在句首作主語(yǔ)和跟在介詞，及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)的用法。動(dòng)名詞及其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)。
① （walk）after supper is good for our health.
②We often learn English by (memorize) grammar. 介詞：at, in , on, of , from, for, about, with, without, against , be used to
新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)常見跟doing的幾種情形：
⑴finish doing sth.完成做某事
⑵practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事
⑶be worth doing sth 值得做某事
⑷be busy doing sth忙于做某事
⑸keep doing sth始終/一直做…
⑹be used to doing sth習(xí)慣做某事
⑺give up doing sth 放棄做某事
⑻consider doing sth考慮做某事
⑼suggest doing sth建議做某事
⑽can’t help doing sth情不自禁做某事
⑾feel like doing sth想要做某事
⑿enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事
⒀miss doing sth思念做某事
⒁mind doing sth介意做某事
⒂prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜歡做某事
⒃look forward to doing sth 期望做某事
⒄have a hard / good time (in) doing sth 愉快地做某事
⒅spend … (in) doing sth
⒆have trouble/ difficulty/ hard (in) doing sth費(fèi)力地做某事
⒇have fun (in) doing sth.
(21)go swimming/ fishing/ camping/ trekking/ hiking/ shopping
(22)do some reading/ cleaning/ writing/ listening
(23)begin/ start to do sth.與 doing sth
love/ like/ hate to do sth 與 doing sth
remember/ forget to do sth （中考點(diǎn)）與doing sth
try to do sth （中考點(diǎn)）盡力干某事與doing sth試著干某事
stop to do sth停下來(lái)干某事與doing sth.停止干某事
24. There be +名詞+ doing sth （現(xiàn)在分詞）
25.感官動(dòng)詞hear , listen to, look at , see, watch, notice, find +賓語(yǔ) + doing sth.（現(xiàn)在分詞）
1.Have you finished (copy)the new words ?
2. He likes (play) soccer , this is his hobby.
3. Schoolboys enjoy (play) computer games, while schoolgirls enjoy (chat) online.
4. Would you mind (take) these books to the teachers’ office for me?
5. The teacher kept the students (practice) exercises.
6. We are busy (get) ready for the important exam these days.
7. The girls do some (shop) every Sunday.
8. Let’s go (swim) , shall we?
9. This novel is worth (read).
10. He spent twenty thousand yuan (spend) his holiday abroad.
11. The pianist practices (play) the piano every night.
12. He’s feeling sick. He doesn’t feel like (eat) or drinking anything.
13. Thank you for (tell) me so much information.
14. She prefers (dance) to (sing) a song.
15. She dislikes (eat) meat, because she wants to be slim(苗條).
16. Mrs Green hates (travel) by air. She always falls asleep during the flight.
17. He started (learn) Chinese Kungfu at the age of five.
18. When the teacher came in student all stopped (talk).
19. They are having fun (make) model planes.
20. Jim had trouble (learn) Chinese.
21. (swim) is far more comfortable than (run) in hot summer.
22. Edison’s father saw him (sit) on some eggs one day.
23. Listen! Can you hear someone (hum) a song next door.
24. I found him (lie) in bed, tired and pale(臉色蒼白).
25. The fans watched the soccer stars (practice) playing soccer yesterday afternoon.
26. Little Tom was interested in (try) out his new ideas in his own lab.
27. If you want to be healthy, you are supposed to give up (smoke).
28. Are you for or against (stay) here for night?
29. William Pan has got used to (live) in Amoy, look forward to (meet) him at Xiamen University.
31. I remembered (lend) him a thousand yuan.
新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法及固定結(jié)構(gòu)
（2）動(dòng)詞不定式的用法（作后置定語(yǔ)的用法）。
一、用作主語(yǔ)
直接把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)--動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)常置于句末。如：
1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge.
2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.
常用句式：It is /will be +形容詞/名詞+of sb + to do sth.
（中考必考點(diǎn)）It is /will be +形容詞+for sb + to do sth.
（形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary）
二、用作賓語(yǔ)
1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3)Id love to visit Mexico.
2.動(dòng)詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，但why后面的不定式不帶to即why not+動(dòng)詞原形。如：
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?
2)I don’t know what to do next.
3.動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替真正的賓語(yǔ)--動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如：
I find it difficult to remember everything. （同義句）
= I find that it’s difficult to remember everything.
三、作狀語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)具有副詞的特性，可在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
（1）作目的狀語(yǔ)。如：He stopped to have a rest. 他停下來(lái)休息。（to do sth =in order to do sth）
（2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：
He woke up to find everybody gone.他醒來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。
（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后作原因狀語(yǔ)。如：I’m sorry to hear your grandma is ill.
聽到你奶奶生病真遺憾。
（4）在帶有enough或too的句子里作狀語(yǔ)，表程度。如：
He is old enough to go to school.他到了上學(xué)年齡了。
（5）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用in order to或so as to +動(dòng)詞原形，so as to不用于句首。如：
The bus stopped in order to pick up passengers.
四、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式用法的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意以下三種情況。
（1）作動(dòng)詞ask, teach , tell等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to不可以省略。如：
He asked me to talk about English study.
他請(qǐng)我談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。
（2）作使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make以及感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, see, watch等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要省略。如：
The teacher made him say the word like this.
老師讓他像這樣說(shuō)這個(gè)單詞。
（3）作動(dòng)詞help的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to可以帶，也可以不帶。如：
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box？
你能幫我搬這個(gè)重箱子嗎？
五、作定語(yǔ)
（1）不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。如：I have nothing to say on this question.對(duì)這個(gè)問題我無(wú)可奉告。
（2）如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：
Give me a piece of paper to write on. 給我一張紙寫字。
①There is some room for us to live in.
②I have no pen to write with.
③There is nothing to worry about.
④Would you please give me a chair to sit on.
⑤She has no paper to write on.
⑥I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
（3）序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如：
Tom is the first to come to school today.
Memorizing grammar is the best way to learn English well.
Hangzhou is a good place to visit.
真有用固定用法：以下是帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式常見搭配
希望做某事hope to do sth. ★決定做某事decide to do sth
同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
準(zhǔn)備做某事get/be ready to do ★盡力/努力做某事try to do sth
計(jì)劃做某事plan to do sth.★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
輪流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒絕做某事refuse to do sth.
告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★請(qǐng)某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do
同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
喜歡/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓勵(lì)某人做
幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事時(shí)候了 例:It’s time for me to go home.
★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是……
例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某時(shí)間
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序數(shù)詞+to do 第…..個(gè)做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘記了怎么辦。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★離開房間時(shí)不要忘記/記住關(guān)燈
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.
順口溜：本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主表定補(bǔ)賓和狀；樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢；大家千萬(wàn)要小心，有時(shí)它把句型改；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用it，自己在后把身藏；七個(gè)感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。
以下是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式(即動(dòng)詞原形)的常見用法
let sb. do sth讓某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事 hear do sth do sth聽見某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看見某人做某事
why not/why don’t you +動(dòng)原？為什么不.?Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?
某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may /must /should+ 動(dòng)詞原（包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式+動(dòng)詞原形）
助動(dòng)詞do/does/did/will/would在構(gòu)成疑問句或者構(gòu)成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 動(dòng)詞原形
1.征求對(duì)方意見和提建議的句子
①Shall we play basketball?
②Let’s play basketball.
③Why don’t we see a film?
④Would you like to watch TV?
⑤Would you please go to the movies?
⑥You’d better listen to me carefully.
⑦What / how about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ?
2.By: ①通過(guò)…..方式（途徑）。I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁邊。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……為止。例：by noon在中午前
⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people.
㊣by表“用……方法/手段/方式”時(shí)，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，接交通工具名稱時(shí)其前無(wú)限定詞。
㊣in 用……語(yǔ)言（語(yǔ)調(diào)、筆墨、顏色）
What’s this in English?這個(gè)用英語(yǔ)是什么？
Please write in ink.請(qǐng)用墨水寫。
The girl in red is my sister.穿紅衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。
㊣with“用……工具”，后接具體名詞，其前有限定詞。
I can see with my eyes and hear with my ears.
Ask him to writer with a pencil.
3.how與what的區(qū)別：
how通常對(duì)方式或程度提問，意思有：怎么樣 如何，通常用來(lái)做狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。
what通常對(duì)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或接受者提問，意思為 什么，通常做賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)。
①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表語(yǔ))
②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.
③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.
① What…think of…? How…like…?
② What…do with…? How…deal with…?
③ What…like about…? How…like…?
④ What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today?
⑤ What to do? How to do it?
⑥ What are you? How are you?
e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book?
I don’t know what I should do with the matter.=I don’t know how I should deal with it.
What do you like about China?=How do you like China?
I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step?
㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!（weather為不可數(shù)名詞，其前不能加 a ）
㊣ What a fine / bad day it is today! （day為可數(shù)名詞，其前要加 a ）
4. aloud, loud與loudly的用法 : 三個(gè)詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關(guān)。
①aloud是副詞,重點(diǎn)在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,常用在讀書read aloud或說(shuō)話上think aloud（自言自語(yǔ)）。通常放在動(dòng)詞之后。aloud沒有比較級(jí)形式。
如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。
②loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時(shí),常與speak, talk, laugh等動(dòng)詞連用,多用于比較級(jí),須放在動(dòng)詞之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說(shuō)大聲一點(diǎn)。
③loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時(shí)兩者可替換使用,但往往
含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位于動(dòng)詞之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不當(dāng)眾大聲談笑。
5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鳥鳴。in a loud voice
sound 指人可以聽到的各種聲音。（不可數(shù)名詞）
noise 指噪音、吵鬧聲 make a noise
6. find + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)（名詞 形容詞 介詞短語(yǔ) 分詞等）
例：I find him friendly.
I found a boy crying in the garden.
We found him in bed.
He found the window closed.
We found her honest.
7. 常見的系動(dòng)詞有：
①是：am 、is、 are
②保持：keep、 stay 、remain
③ 轉(zhuǎn)變：become、 get、 turn
④ ……起來(lái) feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)（形容詞 過(guò)去分詞 動(dòng)詞不定式） 使某種情況發(fā)生
例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干凈
Get Mr. Green to come. 讓格林先生進(jìn)來(lái)
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行車
You can’t get him waiting. 你不能讓他老等著
9. 動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)
①與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.
②與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in.
10. difference（可數(shù)名詞）different（形容詞）differently副詞
①There are differences between the two countries.
②be different from----be the same as
③feel differently
11. add 補(bǔ)充說(shuō) 又說(shuō)
12. join 加入某團(tuán)體 并成為其中一員
join the party / the English club/ the army
attend 出席參加會(huì)議或講座
join in表示參加正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。take part in指參加到某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中去。有時(shí)二者可以替換。take an active part in
13.all、 both、以及every的復(fù)合詞與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定。其完全否定為：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alone
be afraid to do sth.害怕
be afraid that恐怕?lián)�，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣
15.either：①放在否定句末表示“也”
②兩者中的“任一”
③either…or…或者…或者.…引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按照就近原則
④too=as well 放在肯定句句末
⑤also 放在be動(dòng)詞之后實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前
16．forget與leave
forget表示忘記某人或某事，而leave表示在某地忘記拿或帶上。leave+名詞+地點(diǎn)（中考點(diǎn)）
17.a,an 與序數(shù)詞連用表示“又一”，“再一”。
例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻煩，困難
19.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.
如果你不多加小心的話，你會(huì)出事的。
20.instead: adv. 代替，更換。
例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？
我們沒有咖啡了，改喝茶好嗎？
Tom was ill, so I went instead.湯姆病了，所以換了我去。
instead of doing sth. 作為某人或某事物的替換
例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.
We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口頭的，口語(yǔ)的。spoken English 口頭英語(yǔ)
speaking 講話的，說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言的。speaking skills講英語(yǔ)的能力
22. 提建議的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
23. a lot 許多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了許多。
24. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+形容詞或副詞 + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想說(shuō)。
The bag is too heavy for me to carry.
The bag is not light enough for me to carry.
The bag is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
25. not …at all 一點(diǎn)也不 根本不 =not in the slightest 如：
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all.
我非常喜歡牛奶。我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡咖啡。
not經(jīng)�？梢院椭鷦�(dòng)詞結(jié)合在一起，at all 則放在句尾
Not at all. 常用來(lái)回答Would you mind doing sth?
26.be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 對(duì)…感興奮 如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我對(duì)去北京感到興奮。
27. ① end up doing sth 終止做某事，結(jié)束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing. 晚會(huì)以唱歌而結(jié)束。
② begin with sth. 以…開始 如：
The party began with her singing. 晚會(huì)以她的歌唱而開始。
28. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一開始
later on 后來(lái)、隨
29.some time, sometime, some times, sometimes.
分開為一段，相連為某時(shí)；分開s為倍次，相連s為有時(shí)。
It takes me some time to finish my homework. --=How long
She will see each other sometime . 常用于將來(lái)時(shí)。
She has been to Beijing sometimes.
I sometimes fly kites on Sunday. 常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
30. make mistakes 犯錯(cuò)
mistake sb. for …把……錯(cuò)認(rèn)為……
make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出錯(cuò)
by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地；由于搞錯(cuò)
mistake---mistook----mistaken
如：I often make mistakes. 我經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)。
I mistook him for his brother.我錯(cuò)把他認(rèn)成了他的哥哥。
make a mistake 犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤 如： I have made a mistake.
我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
31. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人）
如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!
32. take notes 做筆記，做記錄
33. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做…樂意做… 如：
She enjoys playing football. 她喜歡踢足球。
enjoy oneself 過(guò)得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他過(guò)得愉快。
34. native speaker 說(shuō)本族語(yǔ)的人
35. one of +(the+ 形容詞比較級(jí))+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受歡迎的教師之一。
36. It’s +形容詞+(for sb. ) to do sth. (對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)太難了。
句中的it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to study English
37. practice doing 練習(xí)做某事 如：
She often practice speaking English. 她經(jīng)常練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
38. decide to do sth. 決定做某事 如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已經(jīng)決定去北京。
make a decision .作出決定
39. deal with 處理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
40. worry about sb./ sth. =be worried about 擔(dān)心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now. 媽媽剛才擔(dān)心他的兒子。
41. be angry with sb. 對(duì)某人生氣 be angry at sth因某事生氣
I was angry with her. 我對(duì)她生氣。
I was angry at her work.我因她的工作而生氣。
42. perhaps === maybe 也許
43. go by (時(shí)間) 過(guò)去 如： Two years went by. 兩年過(guò)去了。
44. see sb. / sth. doing 看見某人正在做某事 強(qiáng)調(diào)正在發(fā)生
see sb. / sth. do 看見某人在做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看見他正在教室里畫畫。
一感feel 二聽hear , listen to 三讓let ,make , have 四看watch ,notice , see, look at 半幫助help 常跟動(dòng)詞原形。
45. each other 彼此
46. regard… as … 把…看作為…. 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
47. too many 許多 修飾可數(shù)名詞 如：too many girls
too much 許多 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 如：too much milk
much too 太 修飾形容詞 如：much too beautiful
48. change… into… 將…變?yōu)椤?/p>
如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 這個(gè)魔術(shù)師將這本書變?yōu)橐槐緯?/p>
49. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的幫助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help
在李雷的幫助下
50. compare … to … 把…與…比作
compare …with… 與什么做比較
We often compare the teachers to bees.我們常把老師比作蜜蜂。
Compare A with B, I prefer A.A與B相比，我更喜歡A。
二、短語(yǔ)：
1.by making flashcards 通過(guò)做單詞抽認(rèn)卡
2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗讀
4.that way (=in that way) 通過(guò)那種方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的會(huì)話技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如
7.have fun 玩得高興
8.have conversations with friends 與朋友對(duì)話
9.get excited 高興，激動(dòng)
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)結(jié)束對(duì)話
11.do a survey about… 做有關(guān)…的調(diào)查
12.keep an English notebook 記英語(yǔ)筆記
13.spoken English (= oral English) 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)
14.make mistakes 犯錯(cuò)誤
15.get the pronunciation right 使發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確
16.practise speaking English 練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)
17.first of all 首先
18.begin with 以…開始
19.later on隨后
20.in class在課堂上
21.laught at 嘲笑
22.take notes 記筆記
23.enjoy doing 喜歡干…
24.write down 寫下，記下
25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查詢
26.native speakers 說(shuō)本族話的人
27.make up 編造，虛構(gòu)，化妝，打扮
28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 對(duì)待，處理，解決
30.worry about (be worried about) 擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂
31.be angry with 生某人的氣
32.stay angry 生氣
33.go by 消逝
34. regard…as… 把…當(dāng)做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨
36. change…into… 把…變成… （= turn into）
37.with the help of 在…的幫助下
38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比較
39.think of (think about) 想起，想到
40.physical problems身體上的問題
41.break off 中斷，突然終止
42. not…at all 根本不，全然不
三、句子
1.How do you study for a test? 你怎樣為考試做準(zhǔn)備？
2.I have learned a lot that way. 用那種方法，我已經(jīng)學(xué)到了很多東西。
3.It’s too hard to understand the voice. 聽懂那些聲音太難了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.
記流行歌曲的詞也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 衛(wèi)明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他覺得看電影讓人感到沮喪.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. 她又說(shuō)和朋友對(duì)話根本沒用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
我沒有搭檔一起練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.隨后，我認(rèn)識(shí)到聽不懂每個(gè)詞并沒有關(guān)系。
10.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我驚異于這些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 給老師留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很難造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么？
14.Most people speak English as a second language.
英語(yǔ)對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)是第二語(yǔ)言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我們?cè)鯓犹幚砦覀兊膯栴}？
16.It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老師的幫助下盡我們最大的努力來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)是我們的責(zé)任。
He can’t walk or even speak.他無(wú)法走路，甚至無(wú)法說(shuō)話
新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)上
Unit 1 How often do you study?
重點(diǎn)句型：
----What do you usually do on weekends?
在周末你通常干什么？
-----I usually play soccer. 我通常打網(wǎng)球。
-----What do they do on weekends? 在周末他們干什么？
-----They often go to the movies. 他們經(jīng)常去看電影。
-----What does he do on weekends? 在周末他干什么？
-----He sometimes watches TV. 他有時(shí)候看電視。
-----How often do you shop? 你多久購(gòu)物一次？
-----I shop once a month. 我每月購(gòu)物一次。
-----How often does Cheng watch TV? 陳多久看一回電視？
-----He watches TV twice a week. 他每周看兩次電視。
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：How often是用來(lái)提問頻率的，表頻率的詞有：always, often, usually, sometimes, hardly ever, every day / week / month. Once a day, twice a week , three times a day…. 這些詞常是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的信號(hào)詞。
① I exercise every day. --------How often do you exercise?
② He does his homework three or four times a week. ( do)
短語(yǔ) 意義 常用時(shí)態(tài) 常提問的詞或短語(yǔ)
how often 每隔多久 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) always, often, usually, sometimes, hardly ever, never, every day…
how soon 再過(guò)多久 一般講來(lái)時(shí) in + 一段時(shí)間
how long 多久 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) for +一段時(shí)間；since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子/ 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
重 點(diǎn) 詞 匯
1. how often多久一次 2. as for關(guān)于，至于
3. junk food垃圾食品 4. eating habits飲食習(xí)慣
5. look after照看，照料 6. watch TV看電視
7. be good for對(duì)……有益 8. on weekends在周末
9. twice a week每周一次 10. go to the movies去看電影
11. three or four times a month一個(gè)月三四次
12. once or twice a week一星期一兩次
13. pretty healthy十分健康
14. help me get good grades幫助我取得好成
15. the same as與……相同 16. kind of 有點(diǎn)兒
17. hardly ever幾乎不
18. keep healthy保持健康=keep in good health
19. go shopping 去購(gòu)物
20. play with computer同電腦玩耍
21. play computer games玩游戲
22. play sports = take exercise（不可數(shù)）進(jìn)行鍛煉
22. the result for ……的結(jié)果
23. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事
24. help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人干某事
25. be different from 與……不同
26. go surfing 去沖浪
27. surf the Internet 上網(wǎng)；網(wǎng)上沖浪
28. have an unhealthy lifestyle 有一種不健康的生活方式
重 點(diǎn) 短 語(yǔ) 及 用 法
1.My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grade.(help后的不定式可帶可不帶to)
2.Good food and exercise help me to study better.
3.Maybe I’m not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit.
（but和though/although不能同時(shí)連用）
4.I sleep for nine hours every night.（for+一段時(shí)間要用how long來(lái)劃線提問）
5.I look after my health. （look after = take good care of 照看；照料）
6.My eating habits are very good.(eating為動(dòng)名詞，作habits的定語(yǔ))
7.I try to eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.
(try to do sth.盡力干某事；try doing sth. 嘗試干某事)
8．-- How often do you eat fruit? ---- I eat fruit every day.
--- Do you like it? -- Yes, it’s good for my health.
---(No. But my mother wants me to eat it. She says it’s good for my health.)
需 注 意 幾 個(gè) 細(xì) 節(jié) 知 識(shí)
1. exercise 的用法：
① exercise作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉”
My father exercises (動(dòng)詞單三)three times a day.我父親每天鍛煉三次。
② 作可數(shù)名詞意為“練習(xí)，操”
I have a lot of exercises （可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）to do after school every day.每天放學(xué)后我有許多練習(xí)要做。
do morning exercises做早操; do eye exercises做眼保健操.
③ 作不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉”
You should take more exercise （不可數(shù)名詞）if you want to be healthier.如果你想更健康，應(yīng)該多運(yùn)動(dòng)。（每年�？糾ore 和healthier兩個(gè)比較級(jí) much-more; healthy---healthier ）
2.here 的用法：(�？疾橹髦^一致 和倒裝問題，請(qǐng)掌握)
① here位于句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)如果為代詞則用半倒裝，即謂語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)之后；主語(yǔ)如果為名詞則用全倒裝，即謂語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)之前。
Here comes the bus.車來(lái)了。（動(dòng)詞comes在名詞bus之前）
Here he comes.他來(lái)了。（動(dòng)詞comes在代詞he之后）
② here be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，be的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近be這個(gè)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
Here are (be) your books.你的書在這兒。
Here is (be) your tea.你的茶在這兒。
3.maybe 與may be的區(qū)別：(�？疾槎咄x句的轉(zhuǎn)化，請(qǐng)掌握)
① maybe是副詞，意為“或許；大概”相當(dāng)于perhaps，probably 放在句首作狀語(yǔ)。
Maybe he can help you.
② may be 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may+動(dòng)詞原形be組成的，是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)常作謂語(yǔ)。
He may be at home. = Maybe he is at home.
3. although 與but (常考查二者同義句的轉(zhuǎn)化，請(qǐng)掌握)
Although為從屬連詞，意思是“雖然，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；but為并列連詞，與although不能同時(shí)使用，但although可與still和yet連用①Although; / ② /; although ③ /; but (正確)
Although he is old, he is still healthy.= He is old, but he is still healthy.盡管他很老，但是仍然健康
㊣ 請(qǐng)跟我學(xué)how吧？ ㊣
1.how 問交通方式 ---How do you go to school every day?
---I go to school by bike.
2.how long問多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 ---How long does it take you to get from home to school? ---It takes me 15 minutes by bike.
3.how often問動(dòng)作發(fā)生頻率 ---How often do you go to the movies? ---Once a week.
4.how far問距離 ---How far is it from your home to school? ---4 miles.
5.how old問年齡 ---How old is your sister?
---She is five.
6.how soon問時(shí)間過(guò)了多久 ----How soon will he come back? ----In an hour.
7.how many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)問多少 ----How many students are there in your class. ----There are 84 students in our class.
8.how much+不可數(shù)名詞 問多少 -----How much did you pay for this book? ------I paid 24 dollars for this book.
9.how about提建議或詢問情況 ---How about going out for a walk? ---How about your mother recently?
第一單元相關(guān)知識(shí)
1、問次數(shù)用how many times ；
I often go home three times a month. →How many times do you often go home a month?
I often go home three times a month. → How often do you go home?
2、hard 與hardly
①hard既可作形容詞，修飾名詞 hard work（艱苦的工作），又可作副詞，常放在動(dòng)詞之后修飾動(dòng)詞work hard（努力地工作）
It rained hard / heavily yesterday afternoon.昨天下午天下大雨。
②hardly不是hard的副詞，本身為否定意義的副詞，意為“幾乎不”。相當(dāng)于almost not / seldom常考查其所在句子的反義疑問句。前否后肯。
Tom hardly went to the movies last week, did he?
Tom went to the movies last week, didn’t he ?
3、health（副詞） healthy（形容詞） →healthily
luck（副詞） lucky （形容詞）→luckily
noise（副詞） noisy （形容詞）→noisily
① keep healthy=stay healthy=keep in good health保持健康
② have a healthy lifestyle 養(yǎng)成一種健康的生活方式 / have an unhealthy lifestyle
③ eat and drink healthily 飲食要健康
④ Good luck！ 祝你走運(yùn)！
⑤ You are very lucky. 你真幸運(yùn)
⑥ Luckily, he wasn’t hurt badly when he fell off the bike.幸運(yùn)的是，他從自行車上誰(shuí)下來(lái)沒有受傷。
⑦ Don’t make noise.
4、one（序數(shù)詞）first （次數(shù)）once； two（序數(shù)詞）second（次數(shù)）twice
5、Look! The surfer is surfing. He often surfs twice a day. surf Internet上網(wǎng)，網(wǎng)上沖浪
6、not……any = no
I have no money with me. = I don’t have any money with me.
7、①be different from ----be the same as
②feel differently
③There are some differences between the two countries.
8、------Happy New Year. ------ The same to you.
------Happy birthday to you! -------Thank you.
9、① although / though , / ② / , but
10. I often shop with my mother on weekends.=I often go shopping with my mother on weekends.
11. keep doing sth. 一直干某事 keep out 防止……進(jìn)入
keep sb. + adj. keep you healthy keep the classroom clean (clean) (這兒不能用cleaning)
keep sb. doing sth. keep you waiting for a long time (wait) 讓你久等了
12. eat less (little的比較級(jí))food and take more（much的比較級(jí)） exercise.
13. May he is a teacher. = He may be a teacher.
14. look after = take (good) care of
look like = be like = take after = be similar to 看起來(lái)像……
15. three glasses of milk 三杯牛奶。
不可數(shù)名詞要用量詞+of ……來(lái)表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)
16. As for English, I like it very much.
就英語(yǔ)而言，我非常喜歡。
We all came, but as for him , he didn’t come.我們都來(lái)了，但至于他，他沒有來(lái)。
17. No smoking! No photos! No parking here!
18. on the Internet 在網(wǎng)上，通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò) on the phone on the radio
新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下
Unit 1 Will people have robots ?
一般將來(lái)時(shí)的三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
⑴ will +V.
⑵ be going to +V.
⑶ be + Ving
will / shall +動(dòng)詞原形（無(wú)論何種人稱，都必須用原形）
shall適用于第一人稱I，We
will適用于所有人稱。
will , shall均可以縮寫為’ll，如I will = I’ll
she will = she’ll否定式：will not = won’t shall not = shan’t
1. 主謂（賓）句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)
形式：主語(yǔ)+ will / shall +動(dòng)詞原形+（賓語(yǔ)）+其他
eg. You will leave for Shanghai next week .下周，你將去上海。
一般疑問式：把will / shall提到主語(yǔ)前面。
Will you leave for Shanghai next week ?
Yes, I will . / No , I won’t .
特殊疑問式：疑問詞+ will +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？
（注：無(wú)論哪種人稱，只要有will，就必須用動(dòng)詞原形）
When will you leave for Shanghai ?
Next week .
或Who will leave for Shanghai next week ?
Mr. Brown will do .
又am、is、are等系動(dòng)詞的原形為be
eg. I will be a doctor in ten years .
十年后，我將成為一名醫(yī)生。
一般疑問：Will you be a doctor in ten years ?
Yes , I will . / No , I won’t .
特殊疑問：What will you be in ten years ?
2. “There be”句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)
結(jié)構(gòu)：①There will be +名詞+其他成份。意為“將會(huì)有……”
eg. There will be 2500 students in our school next year .
明年，我們學(xué)校將會(huì)有2500名學(xué)生。
否定句：There won’t be any people here next year .
明年，這里將不會(huì)有任何人了。
②一般疑問句：will提到句首，there之前
eg . Will there be fewer trees in the future ?
Yes , there will . / No , there won’t .
注：在“there will be”句型中，無(wú)論后面加什么，be都用原形。
③There be sb. / sth. doing sth. 有某人或某物正在做某事。
Look, there is a boy playing basketball on the playground.
④There used to be … 過(guò)去常常某地有什么。,didn’t there
⑤There live / lie / stand …某地居住著/躺著/ 站著……
more , fewer , less的用法
①more（更多）+可數(shù)名詞(C)復(fù)數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞(U)
② few /fewer（更少）+可數(shù)名詞(C)的復(fù)數(shù)
③ little/ less（更少）+不可數(shù)名詞(U)
如：more pollution更多的污染（(U)）
more leisure time更多的休閑時(shí)光（(U)）
more cars更多的汽車（(C)復(fù)數(shù)）
fewer trees更少的樹（(C)復(fù)數(shù)）
fewer people更少的人（people是集體名詞）
less money更少的錢（money是不可數(shù)名詞）
less milk更少的牛奶
一般將來(lái)時(shí)中，注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的用法
十年后，in ten years = ten years from now以現(xiàn)在算起，常用語(yǔ)將來(lái)時(shí)；
after從過(guò)去算起，常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
after ten years一般用于過(guò)去時(shí)中
might“可能”、“可以”，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)有可能做某事，或表示對(duì)可能有所懷疑，認(rèn)為不一定發(fā)生。語(yǔ)氣委婉。
① I might even keep a pet parrot .
我甚至可能養(yǎng)一只寵物鸚鵡。
② It might be difficult for them to talk .
對(duì)他們而言，交談似乎很困難。
look + adj.“看上去……”
I will look smart during the week .
在平時(shí)，我看上去會(huì)很漂亮、整潔。
又如：look happy ; look sad
see sb do sth看到某人做某事，do前面必須省掉“to”
有些動(dòng)詞后面不用“to”
如：make、let、hear、see、feel、watch、notice等，help后面可加可不加to。
①If you wear jeans , the teachers will not let you go to the party .
如果你穿牛仔褲，老師們將不讓你去參加聚會(huì)。
② I heard the girls sing the song .（已唱過(guò)歌）
我聽見女孩子們唱過(guò)那首歌。
試比較：I heard the girls singing the song .（強(qiáng)調(diào)正在唱）
我聽見女孩子們正在唱那首歌。
重要詞組
1.in 100 years一百年以后
2. live to be 200 years old活到200歲
3. study at home在家學(xué)習(xí)
4. fall in love with…. 愛上....
5. keep a pet parrot養(yǎng)一只寵物鸚鵡
6. live alone獨(dú)居
7. in college在大學(xué)
8. space station太空站
9. look smart看上去時(shí)髦
10. wear a suit穿一套衣服
11. dress more casually穿著更隨意
12. fly to the moon飛向月球
13. the World Cup世界杯
14. the head of the company公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
15. come true實(shí)現(xiàn)
16. be able to .能,會(huì)
17. help with the housework幫做家務(wù)活
18. get bored (of) 厭倦...
19. in the future未來(lái),將來(lái)
20. have one’s own robot有自己機(jī)器人
21. hundreds of數(shù)以百計(jì)
22. just like就像...
23. seem impossible似乎不可能
24. from now (on) 從現(xiàn)在開始
25. win the match贏得比賽
26. live in an apartment住在公寓里
27. Olympic Games .奧運(yùn)會(huì)
28. bet on打賭
29. paper money紙幣
30. credit card信作卡
31. five years ago. 五年前
32. a piece of paper一張紙
33. far away遙遠(yuǎn)
34. it seems /seemed that... 似乎是...
35. It is possible for sb. to do sth對(duì)...來(lái)說(shuō)做...是可能的
36. less than少于
37. more than多于.超過(guò)
38. a lot more people更多的人
39. less pollution. 較少的污染
40. science fiction科幻小說(shuō)
41. a useful dictionary一本有用的字典
42. a polluted river一條污染的河
43. a pleasant day令人愉快的一天
44. the same …as與...一樣
45. here and there到處
46. over and over again一遍又一遍
47. try to do sth .盡力做(某事)
48. make sb do sth. 使...做...
49. far from距...遠(yuǎn),遠(yuǎn)離
50. on the Internet在因特網(wǎng)上
51. on computers在電腦上
52. make predictions做預(yù)言
Unit 2
一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. used to 過(guò)去常常做某事,暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài). 后跟動(dòng)詞原形. used to do sth.
There used to be ….（反意疑問句）didn’t there?
否定形式為: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to
疑問形式為: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
①be/get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于, to 為介詞.
Mr Li used to live in America, so he is used to eating western dishes.李先生過(guò)去住在美國(guó)，所以習(xí)慣吃西餐。
②be used to do =be used for doing 被……用來(lái)做
Fire can be used to cook food.=Fire can be used for cooking food. 火能被用來(lái)做飯。
2. wear 表示狀態(tài). =be in +顏色的詞
put on 表示動(dòng)作.
dress + 人 給某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneself
have on表示狀態(tài)（不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）
3. on the swim team on 是…的成員,在…供職.
4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑問句.（中考點(diǎn)）
Yes, I do. 不, 我記得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不記得了.
-----Don’t you remember me?
----- A ？You are Tom.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I don’t D. No, I do.
（抓住語(yǔ)法原則排除兩項(xiàng)，語(yǔ)義原則排除一項(xiàng)）
5. 反意疑問句:
① 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為 this, that, 疑問部分主語(yǔ)用it; 陳述部分主語(yǔ)用 these, those, 疑問部分用they 做主語(yǔ).
例: This is a new story, isn’t it?
Those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陳述部分是 there be 結(jié)構(gòu), 疑問部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑問句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④ 陳述部分與含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等詞時(shí),疑問部分用肯定.
例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陳述句中若帶有否定前綴或后綴的單詞時(shí), 這個(gè)句子仍視為肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)若為不定式或 V-ing 短語(yǔ), 疑問部分主語(yǔ)用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陳述句中主語(yǔ)是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代詞時(shí),疑問部分用they做主語(yǔ); 若陳述部分主語(yǔ)是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代詞時(shí), 疑問部分用it 做主語(yǔ).
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦ 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱I時(shí), 若謂動(dòng)為think, believe, guess 等詞時(shí), 且其后跟賓叢,這時(shí)疑問句部分的人稱, 時(shí)態(tài)要與賓語(yǔ)從句保持一致, 同時(shí)還要考慮否定轉(zhuǎn)移.
例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 開頭時(shí), 后用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days.
② 錯(cuò)過(guò), 未中, 未趕上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus.
The boy shot at the goal, but missed.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次數(shù);
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指時(shí)間.
9. right: ① adj. 正確的, 右邊的② n. 右方, 權(quán)利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與can, be able to 連用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 連詞, 不但…而且… 強(qiáng)調(diào)前者. (若引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ), 謂動(dòng)與前者在人稱和數(shù)上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water.
生命不僅需要水, 還需要空氣和陽(yáng)光.
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不僅是他們, 我也愿意幫助你.
13. alone = by oneself 獨(dú)自一人. lonely 孤獨(dú)的, 寂寞的.
The old man lives alone in a lonely village, but he never feels lonely.這位老人獨(dú)自住在一個(gè)偏僻的小村莊，但從沒感到過(guò)寂寞。
14. in the last/past + 一段時(shí)間
during the last/past + 一段時(shí)間 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
16. play the piano 彈鋼琴
17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 對(duì)…感興趣
②be interested in doing sth. 對(duì)做…感興趣
③show great interest in 在……方面產(chǎn)生極大的興趣
④a place of interest 一處名勝 some places of interest
He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking
English. 他對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣，但是他對(duì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)不感興趣。
⑤ interested adj. 感興趣的，指人對(duì)某事物感興趣，往往主語(yǔ)是人
⑥ interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主語(yǔ)是物
⑦ an interesting book / man
⑧take an interest in = be interested in對(duì)……感興趣
18. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.
19. on 副詞，表示（電燈、電視、機(jī)械等）在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中/打開，
其反義詞off. with the light on 燈開著
20. walk to somewhere 步行到某處 walk to school 步行到學(xué)校
21.spend 動(dòng)詞，表示“花費(fèi)金錢、時(shí)間”
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花費(fèi)（金錢、時(shí)間）
②spend…doing sth. 花費(fèi)（金錢、時(shí)間）去做某事 如：He spends too much time on clothes.他花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間在衣著
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花費(fèi)了三個(gè)月去建這座橋。
pay for 花費(fèi)
如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元買這本書。
take動(dòng)詞 有“花費(fèi)”的意思 常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
It take(s) sb. to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.
This book cost me ten yuan.
22. chat with sb. 與某人閑聊 如：I like to chat with him.
我喜歡和他聊天。
23. worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人/某事 worry 是動(dòng)詞
be worried about sb./sth. 擔(dān)心某人/某事 worried 是形容詞 如：Don’t worry about him. 不用擔(dān)心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 媽媽擔(dān)心他的兒子。
24. all the time 一直、始終
25. take sb. to + 地方 送/帶某人去某個(gè)地方 如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一個(gè)人把他送到了醫(yī)院。
Liu took me home. 劉把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
26. hardly adv. 幾乎不、沒有 hard 困難的；猛烈地
hardly ever 很少
hardly 修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常放在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義
動(dòng)詞之前 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋hardly
hardly + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 如：
I can hardly understand them. 我?guī)缀醪荒軌蛎靼姿麄儭?/p>
I hardly have time to do it. 我?guī)缀鯖]有時(shí)間去做了。
It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.
27. in the last few years. 在過(guò)去的幾年內(nèi) 常與完成時(shí)連用 如： I have lived in China in the last few years. 在過(guò)去的幾年內(nèi)我在中國(guó)住。
28. be different from 與…不同
29. how to swim 怎樣游泳
不定式與疑問詞連用：動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引導(dǎo)的疑問句連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。如：
The question is when to start. 問題是什么時(shí)候開始。
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
30. make sb./ sth. + 形容詞 make you happy
make sb./ sth. + 動(dòng)詞原形 make him laugh
31. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.
32.It seems that +從句 看起來(lái)好像…… 如：
It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起來(lái)他好像變了許多。
33. help sb. with sth. 幫某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 幫某人做某事
She helped me with English. 她幫助我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
She helped me (to) study English。 她幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
34. fifteen-year-old 作形容詞 15歲的
fifteen-year-olds 作名詞指15歲的人
fifteen years old 指年齡 15歲 如：
a fifteen-year-old boy 一個(gè)15歲的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15歲的人喜歡唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15歲。
35.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我買不起這個(gè)輛小車。
36. as + 形容詞./副詞＋as sb. could/can 盡某人的…能力 如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她盡最快的能力去跑。
37. get into trouble with 遇到麻煩
38. in the end 最后
39. make a decision 下決定 下決心
40. to one’s surprise 令某人驚訝
be surprised at …某人對(duì)……驚訝
be surprised to do sth.驚訝地去做某事
in surprise 驚訝地
41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如：
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸總是以他而自豪
42. pay attention to sth. 對(duì)…注意，留心 如：
You must pay attention to your friend. 你應(yīng)該多注意你的朋友。
43. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如：
She is able to do it. 她能夠做到。
44. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事 如：
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已經(jīng)放棄吸煙了。
復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)化：
① when ------ at the age of …
② so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …
③ so that…------ in order to do sth.
④ because…----- because of…
⑤ if ….----- without / with…
⑥ if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 簡(jiǎn)單句
⑦ 賓語(yǔ)從句----特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式
⑧ be afraid
be sure that +從句 或 動(dòng)詞不定式
be sorry
⑨ It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.
⑩ Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.
find +that + it is +形容詞+to do sth-----find it +形容詞 + to do sth （形式主語(yǔ)換成形式賓語(yǔ)，去掉be）
二、 短語(yǔ)
1. be more interested in 對(duì)…更感興趣.
2. on the swim team 游泳隊(duì)的隊(duì)員.
3. be terrified of 害怕.
4. gym class 體操課.
5. worry about. 擔(dān)心.
6. all the time 一直, 總是
7. chat with 與…閑聊
8. hardly ever 幾乎從不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不僅…而且
11. get into trouble 遇到麻煩
12. make a decision 做出決定
13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃驚的是
14. take pride in 為…感到驕傲
15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…組成/構(gòu)成.
be made up of 由…組成/構(gòu)成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是
18. in the end 最后, 終于
19. play the piano 彈鋼琴
三、句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我開著臥室的燈睡覺.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多時(shí)間和我的朋友們玩游戲.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我?guī)缀鯖]有時(shí)間去聽音樂會(huì).
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那會(huì)使你緊張的.
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎變化很大.
Unit 3
A部分重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
1. be allowed to do sth 被允許干…
I am not allowed to watch TV at home.
Should be allowed to do sth 應(yīng)該允許做。。。
We should be allowed to go out at night.
allow sb to do sth 允許某人干…
My mother don’t allow me to watch TV.
allow doing sth 允許干…
They allowed smoking here.
2. go out with their friends 和朋友一塊出去
3.sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls
16歲的孩子
4.part-time jobs 兼職工作
5.get one’s ears pierced 穿耳孔
have\get sth +過(guò)去分詞“使…被…”
You must get your coat washed.
6.choose one’s own clothes 選自己的衣服
7. a driver’s license 駕照
8.enough 用法: enough money/books; old enough
9.on weekends 在周末
10.instead of 代替，而不是
辨析:instead (adv.); instead of (prep.)
I won’t go there, I’ll go to the park instead.
They talk instead of doing homework.
I did it instead of him.
11． at that age 在那個(gè)年齡段
12．on school nights 在上學(xué)期間的每個(gè)晚上
13．by 10:00pm 晚上十點(diǎn)前，by不遲于，常用于將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中
14.stay up熬夜 ，不睡覺
He is allowed to stay up until 11:00.
15.clean up 打掃干凈, 收拾整潔
They were all busy cleaning up the ground.
16. seem to do 好像 It seems that…
He doesn’t seem to have many friends.=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
17. so do we 我們也一樣
倒裝句: 口訣：前后主語(yǔ)不一樣，語(yǔ)序當(dāng)然用倒裝；前后主語(yǔ)一個(gè)樣，語(yǔ)序當(dāng)然要正常（用陳述語(yǔ)序）
So + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)(前為肯定) 表示與前面所述事實(shí)一致.
Neither/Nor + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)(前為否定) 表示與前面所述事實(shí)一致.
例: He likes oranges. So do we.
He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we.
She went to the cinema yesterday. So did I.
Tom can swim. So can John.
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
So +主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 表示對(duì)前面事實(shí)的進(jìn)一步確認(rèn).
例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的確是)
He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的確是)
They will win the game. So they will.(他們會(huì)的)
語(yǔ)法:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1． 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+by短語(yǔ)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is are +done
一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were +done
一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will be + done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been +done
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can/may/must/should + done
2．用法：當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
e.g. The kind of bike is made in Shanghai.
The room was cleaned just now.
The old people should be taken good care of in China.
3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
在將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，首先要弄清主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)及其時(shí)態(tài)，然后再進(jìn)行變換。
主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)三步曲:
We speak Chinese.
①�、凇 、�
Chinese is spoken (by us) .
③ ② �、�
He likes music.
----Music is liked by him.
I ask him to help her.
----He is asked to help her.
She makes me go there every day.
----I am made to go there every day by her.
They gave me some flowers.
----I was given some flowers by them .
----- Some flowers were given to me by them.
B部分重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
1.get to class late . 上課遲到
2.fail (in) sth做某事失敗
Do you ever worry that you'll fail (in) a test?
fail (in) a test考試不及格;
pass a test考試及格;
take a test參加考試
3. be strict with 對(duì)…要求嚴(yán)格
be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
4.the other day前幾天,不久以前
5. concentrate on…專注于…
We would concentrate more on our clothes.
7.辨析: be good to sb/sth對(duì)…好 She is very good to me. be good at擅長(zhǎng); be good for對(duì)…有益
Swimming is good for our health.
8. be a good way to do 是…的好方法
9.keep +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞 “使…保持…狀態(tài)”
We must keep him happy.
Keep the door closed.
10.It’s a good idea for sb. to do
是…的好主意
11. in groups 成群的,按組的
12.get noisy 吵鬧(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
13. learn from sb向某人學(xué)習(xí)
learn from each other
14.at present現(xiàn)在,目前
At present, the holidays are too short.
15. have an opportunity to do sth
have a chance of doing sth 有做…的機(jī)會(huì)
I had the chance of visiting Beijing.
I had no chance to see him.
16. English-English dictionary 英英詞典
17. at least 至少
18. eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小時(shí)的睡眠
19. an old people’s home 敬老院
20. perform a play for sb為…表演節(jié)目
21. be a good/great experience for sb.
對(duì)…來(lái)說(shuō)是一次很好的經(jīng)歷
22. newspaper office報(bào)社
23. be sleepy 睏
24. after a long week of classes 上完一周課之后
25. have…off 放假,休息
We often have Saturdays off
26. reply to =answer回答,答復(fù)
an answer to …
27. volunteer to do sth 自愿作某事
閱讀部分
1.get in the way of妨礙
2 a professional athlete 職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員
3.achieve one’s dreams實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想
4. have nothing against doing sth不反對(duì)…
5. think about 思考,考慮
6. in the end 最后,終于
7.make a decision 做決定
Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
8.be serious about對(duì)…感興趣的/是認(rèn)真的.
I'm serious about running.
9. be always doing sth
10.care about關(guān)心,留心,重視
I know that my father cares about me.