詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．I was very busy on Tuesday，but my friend came to visit me at such a(n)____________ (不方便的)time.
2．Young people have no respect for ____________ (權(quán)威)these days.
3．A ____________ (可靠的)resource told the journalists the hospital would close.
4. I bought this coat at a____________(折扣)．
5．He was accused of using his ____________
(公家的)car for private business.
6．I thought I knew what to do，but now I’m____________(被搞糊涂了)．
7．What is the d____________time of the flight to New York?
8．The sport meet was p____________just because of the bad weather.
9．Why are you making a d____________between men and women?
10．The machine won’t f____________ properly if you don’t oil it.
11．Television violence can encourage____________(aggressive)in children.
12．After an hour’s delay，passengers were becoming____________(patient).
1.possibility/probability 2.physician 3.bestselling4.symptoms 5.annual 6.contemporary 7.purified8.powerful 9.relief 10.inserted 11.length12.arrangement
短語(yǔ)匯集
1．________________ 對(duì)……造成破壞
2．________________ 加快……的步伐
3．________________ 危及自己和他人的生命
4．________________ 遇堵車
5．________________ 按折扣價(jià)買到某物
6．________________ 負(fù)擔(dān)重
7．________________ 跟上；并駕齊驅(qū)
8．________________ 更好地利用
9．________________ 維持秩序
10．________________ 加速
11．________________ 在修理中
12．________________ 使……保持良好狀態(tài)
1.cause/do damage to... 2.accelerate the pace of...3.risk one’s own life as well as the lives of others4.be caught/stuck in a traffic jam 5.buy sth.at a discount 6.be burdened with a heavy load 7.keep pace with...8.make better use of 9.keep order 10.speed up 11.under repair 12.keep...in good condition
語(yǔ)句試譯
1．(回歸課本P50)________more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.
隨著更先進(jìn)的隧道挖掘方法的使用，泰晤士河下面第一條鐵路隧道于1884年開始挖掘。
2．(回歸課本P62)If you are with someone else who has been drinking alcohol，__________________they have had just a couple of beers，do not allow them to drive.
如果你和一直在喝酒的人在一起，即使對(duì)方只喝了幾杯啤酒，也不要讓他開車。
3．(回歸課本P53)________do you think________________________travelling on it 100 years ago?
你認(rèn)為100年前坐地鐵旅行會(huì)是什么樣的？
1.As 2.even if 3.What；it was like
核心知識(shí)
1permit vt.& vi. 允許，準(zhǔn)許，許可
n． 許可證；執(zhí)照；通行證
(回歸課本P51)Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system.
請(qǐng)光臨我們的售票處，選擇購(gòu)買一張?jiān)试S你乘坐倫敦地鐵系統(tǒng)所有地鐵線的乘車卡。
13
歸納拓展
例句探源
①Permit me to lead the way，sir!
先生，請(qǐng)讓我來(lái)帶路吧！
②(朗文P1520)Horseback riding is not permitted in the park.
公園里不允許騎車。
③(牛津P1478)We hope to visit the cathedral，if time permits.
如果時(shí)間允許，我們希望能參觀一下主教座堂。
1．完成句子
(1)地鐵車廂里不允許抽煙。
We do not________ ________in the underground carriages.
答案：permit smoking
(2)警察允許他在那里停車。
The policeman________ ________ ________.
答案：permitted him to park there
(3)你有在池塘里釣魚的許可證嗎？
Have you got________ ________ to fish in this pond?
答案：a permit
2．用permit的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(1)Time________，we’ll discuss both questions.
答案：permitting
(2)We are________ ________to swim in this river；it’s too dangerous.
答案：not permitted
2dozen n． 一打，十二個(gè)；十幾個(gè)，十來(lái)個(gè)；許多，好多
(回歸課本P53)Another problem was that there were a dozen different lines，which were not linked.
另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是有十幾條線路，這些線路都沒(méi)有連接在一起。
歸納拓展
與具體的數(shù)字或a，many，several等詞連用時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：
num.(a，many，several)＋dozen＋(復(fù)數(shù))n.；
num.＋dozen＋of＋these/those/the/one’s＋(復(fù)數(shù))n.。
dozens of表示不限定量，不與具體的數(shù)字連用。
例句探源
①(朗文P613)I bought two dozen apples.
我買了兩打蘋果。
②(牛津P603)They arrived in dozens.
他們大批到達(dá)了。
③(牛津P603)I’ve been there dozens of times.
我到那里去過(guò)很多次。
3．完成句子
(1)我要五打這種雞蛋。
I want________ ________these eggs.
答案：five dozen
(2)這玩具是按打賣的。
The toys are sold________ ________ ________.
答案：by the dozen
(3)他干過(guò)幾十次了。
He did it________ ________ ________.
答案：dozens of times
3aim n． 目標(biāo)；目的
vi. 目的是，打算；瞄準(zhǔn)，對(duì)準(zhǔn)
vt. 將……瞄準(zhǔn)；將……指向
(回歸課本P57)The aim of this is to reduce air pollution.
這樣做的目的是減少空氣污染。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(2009年高考天津卷)This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking.
這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的目的是提高學(xué)生的聽說(shuō)能力。
②Pop art was an important modern art movement that aimed to show ordinary twentiethcentury city life.
波普藝術(shù)是一個(gè)重要的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)流派，著眼于展現(xiàn)20世紀(jì)普通的城市生活。
③(牛津P42)We should aim for a bigger share of the market.
我們應(yīng)該努力爭(zhēng)取更大的市場(chǎng)份額。
④(朗文P43)The environmental agency is taking aim at a popular but dangerous chemical used by farmers.
環(huán)境部門正在針對(duì)農(nóng)民廣泛使用一種化學(xué)危險(xiǎn)品采取行動(dòng)。
4．-It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.
-Oh，today we are still________from heavy schoolwork________at preparing us for the entrance examination.
A．suffering；aims B．suffered；aimed
C．suffering；aimed D．suffered；aiming
解析：選C。suffer from“苦于……，遭受”；由句子的時(shí)態(tài)可知第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。
4arise vi. 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生；升起
(回歸課本P62)The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.
在過(guò)去的一年中，交通事故數(shù)量以及由交通事故所引發(fā)的死亡人數(shù)急速上升。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①M(fèi)any questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs.
克隆恐龍的過(guò)程中也會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多問(wèn)題。
②(朗文P89)Daniel arose at dawn.
丹尼爾天剛剛亮就起床了。
③(牛津P89)Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting?
上次會(huì)議記錄方面有無(wú)尚待解決的事項(xiàng)？
④The peasants arose against their masters.
農(nóng)民奮起反對(duì)奴役他們的人。
易混辨析
arise from，rise from，result from
(1)arise from的使用范圍比較狹窄，在多數(shù)情況下都具有特殊的修辭色彩或詩(shī)體特色，其主語(yǔ)常常是抽象名詞。
(2)rise from“從……升起來(lái)，提高；發(fā)源于”，比arise from用得更廣、更常見(jiàn)，主語(yǔ)多用非抽象名詞。
(3)result from因……而產(chǎn)生，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作有某種結(jié)果。
5．完成句子
(1)如果有問(wèn)題發(fā)生，請(qǐng)通知我。
If any problems________ ________，please let me know.
答案：should arise
(2)事物的發(fā)展源于它的內(nèi)部矛盾。
The development inside a thing________ ________the contradiction.
答案：arises from
6.His failure in the physics exam arose________his lack of carefulness.
A．out B．from
C．a(chǎn)t D．in
解析：選B。arise from由……引起。句意：他在物理測(cè)試中的失敗是由于缺少細(xì)心引起的。故B正確。
7.A completely new situation will________when the examination system comes into existence.
A．a(chǎn)rise B．rise
C．raise D．a(chǎn)rouse
解析：選A。raise和arouse為及物動(dòng)詞，在此語(yǔ)境中應(yīng)用被動(dòng)，rise的主語(yǔ)一般為具體名詞，此處主語(yǔ)為situation。故B可排除，選A。
5take notice of 注意，注意到，關(guān)注
(回歸課本P57)They have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.
他們這樣做希望人們注意到汽車所產(chǎn)生的有毒煙霧和氣體所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。
歸納拓展
take note of 注意到；將……銘記在心
take account of考慮到，顧及
take charge of負(fù)責(zé)，掌管
take control of控制住，管住
例句探源
①(牛津P1361)Take note of what he says.
牢記他說(shuō)的話。
②He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.
他在父親去世后掌管了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
③(朗文P438)Israel took control of the zone in 1985.
以色列在1985年控制了該地區(qū)。
8．完成句子
(1)別去理會(huì)他們說(shuō)些什么。
Don’t________ ________ ________ ________what they say.
答案：take any note of
(2)只要有可能，這家公司總是盡量考慮到環(huán)境問(wèn)題。
The company________ ________ ________environmental issues wherever possible.
答案：take account of
(3)她畢業(yè)后，掌管了公司。
She ________ ________ ________the company after graduation.
答案：took charge of
6make up for 補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)
(回歸課本P57)Then I thought I could have a relaxing weekend to make up for all my hard work，....
我認(rèn)為我可以過(guò)一個(gè)輕松的周末來(lái)彌補(bǔ)我所付出的努力了，……
歸納拓展
(1)make up sth.指補(bǔ)上、補(bǔ)做耽誤了的事情。 (2)make up for sth.指用其他方式彌補(bǔ)，使平衡。
例句探源
①(朗文P1246)The bus driver was speeding to make up for lost time.
那個(gè)公共汽車司機(jī)正在加速行駛以補(bǔ)回失去的時(shí)間。
②(牛津P1222)Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
失去一個(gè)孩子是任何東西都無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)的。
9．用make up或make up for的正確形式填空
(1)你認(rèn)為她的美麗能彌補(bǔ)她的愚蠢嗎？
Do you think her beauty could________ ________ ________her stupidity?
答案：make up for
(2)你在期末考試時(shí)生病了，所以你得補(bǔ)考。
Because you were ill，you will have to________ ________the final exam.
答案：make up
7in addition to 除……之外，包括
(回歸課本P59)In addition to the frequent fast ferries to ports in Weihai and Yantai，there are slower ferries to Shanghai，Qinhuangdao and Inchon in Korea.
除了有駛往威海和煙臺(tái)港口定時(shí)的快速渡輪外，還有駛往上海、秦皇島和韓國(guó)仁川的慢速渡輪。
歸納拓展
常見(jiàn)的表示“除……之外”的表達(dá)法：
(1)in addition to表示“除……之外還”，一般位于句首。
(2)besides表示“除了……還有”。
(3)except表示“排除……在外”。
(4)如果從整體情況來(lái)看，要排除其中的部分特殊情況用except for，其中“除外”的事情或人往往是不同的；如果是將不包括在內(nèi)的某事或某人排除在外，使用 except。
(5)except that后跟從句且that不能省略。
(6)apart from重在強(qiáng)調(diào)既含有“除了……還有”，也含有“排除……在外”之意。
例句探源
①(牛津P23)There is，in addition，one further point to make.
此外，還有一點(diǎn)要說(shuō)。
②You will be paid overtime in addition to your regular salary.
除了正常薪水外，加班費(fèi)另付。
10．完成句子
(1)課程除了介紹一般的電腦知識(shí)外，還提供實(shí)際操作的機(jī)會(huì)。
________ _______/________/________ ________giving a general introduction to computer，the course also provides practical experience.
答案：In addition to/Besides/Apart from
(2)除了托比和珍妮特之外，聚會(huì)上還有我們認(rèn)識(shí)的人嗎？
Will there be anyone else we know at the party________/________ ________/________ ________ ________Toby and Janet?
答案：besides/apart from/in addition to
(3)除了積滿灰塵之外，這房子與我離開時(shí)沒(méi)什么兩樣。
The house was just as I left it________ ________everything was covered with dust.
答案：except that
(4)除了一位老太太，公共汽車上沒(méi)有別的乘客。
________ ________one old lady，the bus was empty.
答案：Except for
(5)你可以吃任何一塊蛋糕，但這塊除外。
You can have any of the cakes________/________ ________this one.
答案：except/apart from
8under repair 正在維修中，在修建中
(回歸課本P59)The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.
暴風(fēng)雨沖掉了沿途的泥土，部分路段目前仍在修建中。
歸納拓展
under discussion在討論中
under the circumstances在此情況下，既然這樣
under the influence of在……的影響下
under the leadership of在……的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下
列句探源
①(朗文P1731)Two sections of Highway 101 are under repair.
101公路有兩段正在修理中。
②(牛津P569)The plans have been under discussion(＝being talked about)for a year new.
這些計(jì)劃至今已討論一年了。
③Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在這種情況下，不告訴他有關(guān)這次事故的情況似乎更好。
④She was charged with driving under the influence.
她被控酒后駕駛。
11．完成句子
(1)你的建議正在討論之中。
Your suggestion is ________ ________.
答案：under discussion
(2)非常抱歉，但在這種情況下，我必須放棄。
I am very sorry but________ ________ ________I must give it up.
答案：under the circumstances
(3)他受到了張教授的影響。
He was________ ________ ________ ________Professor Zhang.
答案：under the influence of
句型解析
【教材原句】 As more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.(P50)
隨著先進(jìn)的挖掘隧道方法的改進(jìn)，第一條在泰晤士河下的鐵路隧道于1884年開始動(dòng)工。
【句法分析】 此處as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
as用作連詞，可引導(dǎo)下列狀語(yǔ)從句：
(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的同時(shí)性。
(2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，“盡管”，“雖然”，“即使”(倒裝)。
(3)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，“以……方式”。
(4)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句(＝since；because)，“由于”，“因?yàn)椤薄?/p>
(5)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
12.The influence of automobile extends throughout the economy ________the car is so important to American people.
A．then B．a(chǎn)s
C．so D．which
解析：選B�？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句。前后句之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故用as，表示“因?yàn)椤薄?/p>
13．(2010年海南加來(lái)高三月考)________，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A．Strange as might it sound
B．As it might sound strange
C．As strange it might sound
D．Strange as it might sound
解析：選D�？疾閍s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的倒裝用法。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)倒裝的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞/副詞/名詞(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前一般不帶冠詞)＋as＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)。句意：盡管他的觀點(diǎn)聽起來(lái)很奇怪，但這被出席會(huì)議的所有人接受了。
14．It had been a long time________I left my hometwon in Florida.I drove to the town hoping to see the old barber shop________I had my hair cut as a child.
A．that；which B．when；as
C．since；where D．a(chǎn)s；that
解析：選C�？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：我離開我的家鄉(xiāng)佛羅里達(dá)州已經(jīng)好久了，我開車到城里去，希望能看到我小時(shí)候在那里理發(fā)的那家理發(fā)店。第一空處是it be＋時(shí)間段＋since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“自從某事發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”；第二空用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾shop，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
15.The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We’d better leave things________they are until the police arrive.
A．since B．a(chǎn)s
C．though D．unless
解析：選B�？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句。句意：卡車對(duì)這座房子造成了嚴(yán)重的損壞。我們最好保持原樣直到警察到來(lái)。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“照……方式”。leave things as they are意為“順其自然”。
16.________his courage，________I don’t think he acted wisely.
A．Much as I admire；/
B．Much as do I admire；but
C．As I admire much；still
D．Although I admire；but
解析：選A。句意：盡管我很欽佩他的勇氣，但我認(rèn)為他這樣做很不明智。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要倒裝，本句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為：副詞＋as＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)。as為連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面的句子為主句，不加連詞。
17．________is often the case with elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A．That B．Which
C．As D．It
解析：選C�？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。表示“正如……”時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞as。as引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句的前面、中間或末尾都可以。