基本句型五:主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補
該句型中的動詞只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分,如名詞、形容詞、副詞(少見)、動詞不定式、分詞來補充說明賓語,才能表達一個完整的意思。賓語和賓語補足語在意義上有一種邏輯上的主謂關系,即賓語與賓語補足語在“意義上”是一種主謂關系。
根據賓補的不同可分為以下幾種情況:
1.主語+及物動詞+賓語+名詞。如:
President appointed John manager of Marketing.總裁任命約翰為營銷部經理。
歸納 常用于此句型的動詞有:call, name, make, elect, appoint, nominate(提名),crown,think,consider, leave等。
2.主語十及物動詞+賓語+形容詞。如:.
The news made me happy.那消息使我很高興。
歸納 常用于此句型的動詞有:make, paint, dye, get(ready),cut(short),set(free),keep, drive(mad),find, want, hold(responsible),wish, like, imagine; turn, beat(black and blue),boil(hard),suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。
3.主語+及物動詞+賓語十介詞短語。如:
I found myself in dark.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己還蒙在鼓里。
4.主語+及物動詞+賓語十不定式。如:
(1) He encouraged her to work harder.他鼓勵他努力工作。
歸納 要求用to do作賓補的動詞有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。
(2) The boss made him work ten hours a day.老板要他一天工作10小時。
歸納 要求用do作賓補的動詞有:使役動詞let, make, have等;感官動詞observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see., watch等。
【注意】若變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),其后的賓語補足語就成為主語補足語了,此時作主語補足語的不定式要帶to 如:
He was made to work overtime.(被動語態(tài))老板叫他加班。
5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+分詞。如:
Don't leave the water running, after you have washed your hands.
洗手之后不要聽任水白流。
I heard my name called.我聽到有人04我的名字。
【注意】現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關系;過去分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關系。
常用于此句型的動詞有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。
6.主語+謂語+it+賓補十真正賓語。
(1)Sb+謂語+it --adj. /n. +to do sth。如:
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.我覺得與你家人相處令人愉快。
(2) Sb十謂語+it十adj. /n.十that從句。如:
He believed it unlikely that she would agree.他相信她不可能同意。
(3)Sb+謂語+it+adj. /n.十doing sth。如:
She thinks it no point practicing so much她認為練習這么多沒有意義。
【說明】(1)該句型中的真正賓語通常是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句。
(2)能用于該句型的謂語動詞有consider, believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。
(3)用doing作真正賓語時,其補足語通常是useless, senseless, no use, no good, no sense, no point等,表示“無益或沒有意義”。
即時練習
請用“主語+及物動詞+賓語十賓補”句型翻譯下列句子。
1.那噪音快要使我發(fā)瘋了。
2.我們要使學校變得更美麗。
3.他請我們參加做游戲。
4.我要你把真相告訴我。
5.明天我要找人來修理機器。
6.每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。
7.他們感到汽車行駛得很快。
8.我們必須保持身體健康。(in good condition)
9.我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。
10.他每個月理一次發(fā)。
11.我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。
12.他感到很難跟你交談。
13.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。-
14.學校定了一條規(guī)則,開始上課時學生要起立。(make)
15.我認為與那個人談話是無益的。
1. The noise is driving me crazy.
2. We must make our school more beautiful.
3.. He asked us to join in the game.
4. I want you to tell me the truth.
5. I will have the machine repaired tomorrow.
6. We hear him reading English aloud every morning.
7. They felt the car moving fast.
8. We must keep our health in good condition.
9. We won't have her go out at night.
10. He has his hair cut once a month.
11. I've never seen the word used in this way.
12. He feels it hard to talk with you.
13. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
14. The schools made it a rule that students should stand up at the beginning of the class.
15. 1 believe it no use talking with that man.