虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式,表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望,假設(shè),懷疑,建議等含義,虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的。
一.在非真實(shí)條件句中
虛擬條件句(if從句) 主句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)
相反 主語(yǔ) + 主語(yǔ) + would/could/might/ should + do
與過(guò)去事實(shí)
相反 主語(yǔ) + 主語(yǔ) + would/could/might/should + have done
與將來(lái)事實(shí)
相反 ①主語(yǔ) + did
②主語(yǔ) +were to do
③主語(yǔ) + should do 主語(yǔ) + would/could/might/should + do
1 If I were you, I would buy it. 2 If she knew English, she would ask me for help now.
3 If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train yesterday.
注意:錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:從句和主句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要分別根據(jù)它所表示的不同時(shí)間作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 5 If you had followed my advice (聽(tīng)從)yesterday, you would be better now.
6 If they had studied hard in the past, they would do it easily now.
二 省略if的情況: 虛擬條件句中含were , should, had 時(shí),可省略if,把這幾個(gè)詞置于句首。
1 Were I you, I wouldn’t do that. (be) 2. Had you come earlier, you would have seen him.
3. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
三 含蓄條件句 :使用with, without, but, or,or else, otherwise, but for(= if it were not for…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反;if it had not been for…與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)等代條件句。
1 We couldn’t have succeeded without your help.(沒(méi)有你的幫助)
2 But for the rain(要不是) we would have finished the work.
3 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday. or (=If he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of your birthday)I would have known nothing about it.
但是: If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, I would invite her to the party. C
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. mightn’t
四 常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型
(一) 在下列句型中,常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”且should可以省略:
1 表示要求,建議,命令,提議,意愿等的主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。
一堅(jiān)持insist; 二命令order, command; 三建議suggest, advise,propose; 四要求demand,require,request,ask等后。
注意:當(dāng)suggest作__________講,insist作_________講,后邊that從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
2 在It is + 形容詞(necessary, natural, strange, etc. ) + that從句中。
在It is/was a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc. ) + that從句中。
1)We all agreed to his suggestion(that)we (should abandon the plan. 放棄那個(gè)計(jì)劃.
2) It is suggested that the meeting should be put off next week.(被推遲)
3) It’s necessary/important/natural that we_______________________每天打掃房間.
但是1) Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. (從未偷過(guò))
2) The look on his face suggested that he was angry.
但是: It is(high/about)time(that)sb.did sth /should do sth
Eg: It is high time we started / should start. 動(dòng)身出發(fā)
(二) 用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)(或?qū)?lái)事實(shí))相反,用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的句型。
1).wish后that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。(表示對(duì)將來(lái)的設(shè)想,用could/would/might+v.)
2).a(chǎn)s if(though)引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀語(yǔ)從句中。
3).would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。
4).If only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。
1 I wish I _______________________. 和你一樣聰明。
2 I wish he ______________________ tomorrow. 再次嘗試
3 He looks as if/though he ____________________. 他是一個(gè)藝術(shù)家
4 I’d rather you _________________ there yesterday. 不去
5 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _______________ (follow) your advice.