I. 重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)
active adj. 積極的；主動(dòng)的；敏捷的
hopeless adj. 絕望的；無(wú)望的
throw away 扔掉
deal with 處理
get rid of 擺脫
depend on 依靠; 視……而定
break up 分解(物理變化)
be active in 在……積極
make an active effort 努力
take out 拿出, 去掉
compared with 與……比較
clean up 收拾; 整理
take up 吸收(水分); 溶解(固體)
II. 課文講解
一. 難句分析
1. Let me remind you what we are looking for.我來(lái)提醒大家一下我們要找的東西。
remind vt. - to make someone think about something they might have forgotten提醒；使人們想起（可能忘記的事）
If I forget, please remind me.如果我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐摇?/p>
Please remind me that I must call him up before noon.請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐以谥形缰敖o他打個(gè)電話。
2. I suppose it's better to be safe than sick.我想平安總比生病好。
suppose 意為"想，認(rèn)為，猜測(cè)"；(同義詞：think, guess)
I suppose that is my fault.我想那是我的錯(cuò)。
I don't suppose I'll trouble you again.我想我不會(huì)再來(lái)麻煩你了。
He supposed it was too late to change his mind.他想改變主意已為時(shí)太晚。
Who could have supposed you were going to do such a thing?
誰(shuí)會(huì)想到你竟要做這樣一件事呢？
suppose還常用于插入語(yǔ)中，如：
You don't mind my smoking, I suppose?我想你不介意我抽支煙吧？
What do you suppose that dance is?你認(rèn)為那是什么舞蹈？
3. How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today.
get rid of除掉，擺脫
He cant' get rid of the cold.
You should get rid of your bad habits.
4. In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is poured directly into the sea without being treated.在許多有海岸的國(guó)家，人類的糞便沒(méi)經(jīng)過(guò)處理就直接投入了大海。
without意為"不；沒(méi)有"，后跟名詞或V-ing形式。如：
He went to work without his breakfast.他沒(méi)吃早飯就上班去了。
She passed by without saying hello to me.她走了過(guò)去，竟然沒(méi)跟我打聲招呼。
Tom entered the room without being seen by anyone.湯姆在誰(shuí)也沒(méi)看見(jiàn)的情況下進(jìn)了屋
5. Although the sea breaks up the waste, beaches may become polluted and may not be safe to eat.雖然海水可分解廢物，但海灘會(huì)被污染，魚(yú)吃起來(lái)也會(huì)不安全。
break up意為"分解；分裂；驅(qū)散；解散"
Sentence can be broken up into clauses, and clauses into phrases.
句子可分為各種子句，子句可分為各種短語(yǔ)。
6. Other waste may be thrown into the sea, either 19 kilometers from land, or more than 40 kilometers from land, depending on the nature of the materials.其他的廢物可以倒入海中，或者離陸地１９公里，或者離陸地４０公里，這取決于材料的性質(zhì)。
depend on依靠；依賴；視……而定
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.兒女們依賴他們的父母供給衣食。
Price depends on the quality.價(jià)格依質(zhì)量而定。
Whether we'll go camping or not this weekend depends on the weather.
這個(gè)周末是否去露營(yíng)要看天氣。
7. The problem of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been set up to protect the world and to fight against pollution.處理廢物的問(wèn)題變得如此重要以至于現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)建立了好幾個(gè)國(guó)際組織，來(lái)保護(hù)世界和與污染作斗爭(zhēng)。
deal with對(duì)付；處理；與……打交道；論述；涉及
That matter has already been dealt with.那件事已經(jīng)處理了。
The sick man was difficult to manage, but the nurse dealt with him all right.
這個(gè)病人不好管理，但那個(gè)護(hù)士對(duì)他卻很有辦法。
The article deals with the housing problem.這篇文章論述了住房問(wèn)題。
8. It has a research team of scientists and has been very active in protecting the Pacific Ocean.它（綠色和平組織）有一支由科學(xué)家組成的研究隊(duì)伍，在保護(hù)太平洋的工作中一直是很積極的。
be active in在……方面積極
He is always active in politics.他總是積極從事于政治。
She has been very active in helping those disabled children.她一直積極致力于幫助殘疾孩子。
二. 固定用法與辨析
1. 辨析gather與collect:
兩詞都表示"集中，歸攏"，但兩者有細(xì)微區(qū)別。
gather既可用于人，也可用于物。如：
gather flowers 采集花
gather one's ideas together集中思想。
collect很多場(chǎng)合與gather完全同義，但一般只用于物，指有選擇或有一定計(jì)劃將零散事物歸攏。如：
collect money: 籌募資金
gather money 攢錢。
2. 辨析seek 與search:
兩詞都表"搜尋"，但有差別。
seek指對(duì)高目標(biāo)或抽象事物的追求。如：
seek knowledge渴望知識(shí)。
而search指仔細(xì)尋找或檢查某地點(diǎn)或某人。如：
The police searched his house. 警察搜查了他的房子。
3. 辨析rubbish與refuse:
兩詞都表"廢物，垃圾"，但兩者有細(xì)微差別。
refuse指堆積在一起的破爛無(wú)用東西。如：
The refuse was unloaded at the city dump. 垃圾傾倒在城市的垃圾場(chǎng)上。
rubbish指垃圾特意集中起來(lái)以便清除掉，但不象refuse那樣成堆成批的存在，該詞也常用于比喻。如：
Put the rubbish into the fire. 把垃圾燒掉。
He talked a lot of rubbish. 他說(shuō)了一大堆廢話。
4. 辨析sort of與a sort of:
sort of是口語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)，只能作狀語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞、形容詞前，表示"有幾分，有點(diǎn)兒"。如：
I sort of thought you might do it. 我有幾分料到你會(huì)這么做。
a sort of 只作定語(yǔ)，表示"一種……"。如：
a new sort of radio 一種新型收音機(jī)。
三. 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
Word Formation
英語(yǔ)主要有三種構(gòu)詞法：
1. 轉(zhuǎn)化（conversion）是由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一詞類，拼寫不變。
（1）v. →n. 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化名詞，意思變化不大。
have a try 試一試 go for a walk 去散步
（2）v. →n. 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化名詞，意思有一定的變化。
equal say平等的發(fā)言權(quán)
（3）n.→v. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞。
book the ticket 定票 chair the meeting 主持會(huì)議
（4）adj→v. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞。
The train slowed down. 火車減速了。
The sun can warm up the soil. 太陽(yáng)可使土地暖和起來(lái)。
（5）v. →n. 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞后重音發(fā)生變化。動(dòng)詞重音在后，名詞重音在前。
increase [in'kri:s] v. 增加 ['inkri:s] n. 增加
2. 派生（Derivation）通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。
（1） 前綴
i. 反義詞前綴：un-, dis-, in-, im-, ir-, it-, non
ii. 其他意思前綴：re-重新；co-共同；anti-反對(duì)；over-過(guò)于；pre-預(yù)先；post-在……之后；fore-前；self-自動(dòng)的，自我的；semi-半 vice-副；bi-雙；tri-三。
iii. 動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成前綴：en-(endanger)
iv. a-構(gòu)成形容詞（asleep）
（2） 后綴
i. 名詞：-er, -or, -ess, -ian, -ness, -tion, -ment, -ing, -ship, -ity, -ance, -ence等。
ii. 形容詞：-ful, -less, -ish, -ous, -able, -ly, -y, -some
iii. 動(dòng)詞：-ize, -en, -ify
iv. 副詞：-ly, -ward, -wise
v. 數(shù)詞：-teen, -ty, -th
3. 合成（Compounding）由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。
i. 形容詞：good-looking 好看的；peace-loving 熱愛(ài)和平的
ii. 名詞：shorthand速記；waiting room候車室
iii. 動(dòng)詞：overthrow推翻
iv. 副詞：maybe 或許；whoever不管是誰(shuí)