作者:時(shí)永春
名詞性從句除可由that引導(dǎo)外,其余主要由wh-型連接詞(whether, who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why)引導(dǎo)。(how雖非以wh-開(kāi)頭,但其用法與when,where,why相似,我們可將其劃為同一類(lèi)型。)
一、wh-引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的功能分類(lèi)
1. 主語(yǔ)從句
Who will be elected matters a lot. 誰(shuí)將當(dāng)選關(guān)系重大。
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句
Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 你能告訴我怎么去車(chē)站嗎?
3. 表語(yǔ)從句
The question is how he did it. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。
4. 同位語(yǔ)從句(用在doubt, idea, message, question等名詞后)
I have no idea what we should do next. 我不知道下一步我們?cè)摳墒裁础?/p>
二、名詞性從句難點(diǎn)分析
1. that與wh-型引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),that一般僅起連接作用,不作句子成分,無(wú)任何含義;而wh-型引導(dǎo)詞各具不同含義,除whether外,都作從句之句子成分。
It's well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today. 是什么控制著大氣層內(nèi)外二氧化碳的流動(dòng),這一點(diǎn)現(xiàn)今已很清楚了。
That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. 國(guó)與國(guó)之間時(shí)尚的不同,或許會(huì)從一方面反映出文化的不同。
2. what / which / who(m) / whose與whatever / whichever / who(m)ever / whosever兩類(lèi)關(guān)聯(lián)詞的差異
1) what與whatever僅含義有所不同。what或表示疑問(wèn)意義"什么",或相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that; whatever相當(dāng)于anything / everything that, 強(qiáng)調(diào)"無(wú)論什么"。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 電腦只能做你指令它做的事情。
It's generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 無(wú)論孩子要什么都滿(mǎn)足其要求被普遍認(rèn)為是不明智的。
2) which / who(m) / whose引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),整個(gè)從句作主句的一個(gè)句子成分,而從句仍具疑問(wèn)意義;whichever / who(m)ever / whosever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),
強(qiáng)調(diào)"無(wú)論......;不管......",而且引導(dǎo)詞及其所修飾的詞可起雙重作用:既作從句之句子成分,又作主句之句子成分。
Do you know who all these people are?你知道這些人都是誰(shuí)嗎?
I'll take whoever wants to go there. 誰(shuí)想去那兒我就帶誰(shuí)去。
3. whether與if的異同
whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句,當(dāng)從句位于句首時(shí)whether不可用if替換;if一般只有在動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句和以it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句中可代替whether。
Whether he is fit for the job is a question. 他是否勝任這份工作是個(gè)問(wèn)題。
It hasn't been decided whether / if we'll attend the meeting. 我們是否將出席會(huì)議還沒(méi)有決定下來(lái)。