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Unit 8 Sports

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-8-12 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

1. worth的用法

worth用作形容詞,意思是“值(多少錢(qián));相當(dāng)于……的價(jià)值” 或“值的”。常用于以下句型:be worth + money (the price)值多少錢(qián)(價(jià)) be (well) worth doing sth. / n. (很)值得做某事。如:

It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它至多值 500法郎。

The place is well worth visiting.這地方很值得訪問(wèn)。The place is well worth a visit.

It is well worth visiting the place. How much is the necklace worth? 這個(gè)項(xiàng)鏈值多少錢(qián)?

注意: be worth后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式,表示被動(dòng)的含義。

2. prefer的用法 prefer是動(dòng)詞,意思是“寧愿;較喜歡;更喜歡”。常用于以下句型:

l)prefer+ n.(pron.)喜歡……; 2) prefer doing (to do) sth.寧愿做某事;

3)prefer sb. to do sth.寧愿某人做某事; 4)prefer sth.to sth.喜歡某東西,而不喜歡某東西;

5)prefer doing sth. to doing sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事;

6) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事。

He always prefers to ride a bike rather than ride on a crowded bus.他總是寧愿騎自行車(chē)而不愿意坐擁擠的汽車(chē)。

She prefer to live with her parents.她寧愿與父母住在一起。

3. would rather... than...與rather than的區(qū)別

1)rather… than的意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”,than后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)用原形。2)rather than的意思是“而不是……;與其…并愿…”。注意;在使用以上兩句型時(shí),要考慮“平衡”問(wèn)題,即其前后必須是同類(lèi)的句法單位。如:

She would rather die than give in.她寧死不屈。She would die rather than give in. Rather than give in she would die.

The colour seems green rather than blue.這顏色似乎是綠的而不是藍(lán)的。

4. take part in, join, join in 與 join sb. in doing sth.的區(qū)別

1) take part in“參加”。其后接表示會(huì)議、勞動(dòng)或者文娛體育等活動(dòng)的名詞。它的主語(yǔ)是活動(dòng)的積極參與者。

2)join作及物動(dòng)詞用,是“參加”或“加入”某個(gè)組織并成為其中的一員。3)join in指“參加”一群人的某種活動(dòng)。4)join sb. in doing sth.意思是“和某人一道去做某事”。如:Many students took part in (joined in) the game.許多學(xué)生參加了這個(gè)比賽。

All my friends join me in wishing you a happy birthday.我的所有朋友和我一道祝你生日快樂(lè)。

He joined the army (party) three years ago.三年前他參了軍(人了黨)。

It is three years since he joined the army( party) . He has been in the army (party) for three years.

He has been a soldier (a party member) for three years.

5.注意every的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu): 1) every + 基數(shù)詞十復(fù)數(shù)名詞 2)every十序數(shù)詞十單數(shù)名詞 3)every other十單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 4)every few十復(fù)數(shù)名詞 5)every four days (every fourth day)每四天(每隔三天) 6)every three or four days每三四天 7)every other day (line)每隔一天(行) 8)very few days每幾天

6. The old Olympic Games from which the modern games came, began around the year 776 BC in Greece.

本句中含有“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在使用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要注意:

l)其中的介詞要根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)決定。若先行詞是物,用“介詞十 which”;若先行詞是人,用“介詞十 whom”。如:This is the man of/about whom we talked several times.這就是我們?cè)?jīng)幾次談到過(guò)的那個(gè)人。

This is the hospital in which he was born.這就是他出生的那家醫(yī)院。

2)若“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”表示時(shí)間,則相當(dāng)于“when”;若“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”表示地點(diǎn),則相當(dāng)于“where”

A bookshop is a shop from which (where) people can buy books.書(shū)店是一個(gè)人們可以從里面買(mǎi)書(shū)的商店。

對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),介詞放在動(dòng)詞之后,不能拆開(kāi)。如:This is the key which you're looking for.這正是你在找的鑰匙。That is the baby whom you will look after.那是你將要照看的嬰兒。

7.the same as, the same…as…與 the same…that…的句型

l)the same as +單詞或短語(yǔ)(沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)

This is the same as that.這個(gè)與那個(gè)一樣。 Your coat is the same as mine (my coat) .你的外套與我的樣。

2)the same + n. + as +n.(pron.)(表“……與……相同”) the same+ n. + as+定語(yǔ)從句(表“與……相似”)。

I have bought the same car as yours.我買(mǎi)了一輛與你一樣的小車(chē)。 I have bought the same car as you have.

3)the same+ n. + that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(表示“與……同’”)。如: Look ! This is the same girl that begged from door to door the other day.看!那個(gè)女書(shū)同前幾天沿門(mén)討飯的女孩是同一人。

1) allow doing sth.的用法 allow是動(dòng)詞,意思是“準(zhǔn)許;允許”,常用于以下句型: 1) allow doing sth.允許于某事; 2) allow sb. to do sth.允許某人于某事; 3) sb. be (not)allowed to do sth.某人被允許于某事; 4) allow sb. in (out)允許某人進(jìn)來(lái)(出來(lái))。如:Please allow me to introduce myself to you.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向你們作自我介紹。They do not allow smoking here.他們這兒不允許吸煙。The men are not allowed to have beards.男人不允許留胡子。

9.與time有關(guān)的常用短語(yǔ)

in modem times在現(xiàn)代 at times有時(shí)候 all the time一直;始終 at that time在那時(shí) at the same time 同時(shí) once upon a time從前 from time to time時(shí)常;有時(shí) at the time此時(shí);眼下 in a few days' time幾天后 by the time到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?in time及時(shí);遲早;最后 for the first time第一次 on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) after a time過(guò)了一會(huì)兒 any time在任何時(shí)候at a time每次,一次,一度at one time同時(shí),曾經(jīng) 一度at no time 決不 at other times在另外一些場(chǎng)合中 in no time 立刻,很快、

10.event與accident的區(qū)別

兩者都有“事件”之意,但含義不同:event特指歷史上的重大事件,多指國(guó)家和護(hù) 社會(huì)的事件,也可指人生大事;accident是意外事件、偶發(fā)事件,一般指不幸的事故,如“車(chē)禍;天災(zāi)”之類(lèi)。如:His father who was killed in an accident once said that the May 4th Movement was a great event in the history of China.他的父親在一次車(chē)禍中喪生了,曾說(shuō)過(guò)五四運(yùn)動(dòng)是中國(guó)歷史上的一件大事。注意: event在本課指的是“比賽項(xiàng)目”; by accident意思是“偶然地”。

11.such as與 for example的區(qū)別; 兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可以譯作“例如”,但用法有所不同:

1)such as用來(lái)列舉事物,和被列舉的事物一起放在所要說(shuō)明的名詞之后,有時(shí)也然可分開(kāi)使用!皊uch as十被列舉的事物”作前面名詞的同位語(yǔ)。2)for example主要是用來(lái)舉個(gè)例子,在句中作插入語(yǔ),可位于句首,句末或句中。

Some boys such as Tom, Mike like to play football.有些男孩,例如湯姆、邁克,喜歡踢足球。

Some students, for example, John, live in the city.有些學(xué)生,例如約翰吧,就住在城里。

12. The people of Beijing, and of the whole country, will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world.北京市民及全國(guó)人民正在為點(diǎn)燃奧運(yùn)火炬、歡迎來(lái)自世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員、運(yùn)動(dòng)速而準(zhǔn)備著。

1)這是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的句子。“of Beijing, and of the whole country”是定語(yǔ),修飾“the people”;不定式短語(yǔ)“to light the Olympic torch”作賓語(yǔ),不定式短語(yǔ)“to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world.”用作目的狀語(yǔ)。

2)prepare的用法 用作及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“準(zhǔn)備;調(diào)制”。主要有以下用法:

A.prepare可眼雙賓語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)后移時(shí)用 for引導(dǎo)。如:My mother is preparing us a meal.媽媽在為我們準(zhǔn)備膳食。My mother is preparing a meal for us.

B.prepare通常跟for引起的短語(yǔ),表示“為……做好準(zhǔn)備”。如:What special food do people prepare for the Spring Festival?春節(jié)人們準(zhǔn)備什么特殊食物?She was going to prepare for her trip.她在為旅行做準(zhǔn)備。

C. be prepared to do sth.有時(shí)相當(dāng)于(be willing/ready to do sth.),意思是“準(zhǔn)備做…”;“愿意做……”。如.I am not prepared (ready) to listen to your excuses.我不打算聽(tīng)你的借。He was not prepared to accept your invitation.他不準(zhǔn)備接受你的邀請(qǐng)。

D. prepare to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做… 如:We are busy preparing to go on holidays.我們正在忙著準(zhǔn)備休假。

注意。preparation是prepare的名詞形式,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):

be in preparation在準(zhǔn)備中 in preparation for為……做準(zhǔn)備 make preparations for為…微準(zhǔn)備

13.effect的用法

1)effect可用作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“效果;作用;影響”等。如:The medicine has no effect.這藥無(wú)效。 The medicine is of no effect. Our efforts are beginning to have/take an effect.我們的努力開(kāi)始見(jiàn)效了。

2)effect常用詞組:have good/bad effects on對(duì)…產(chǎn)生好的(不好的)影響 have/take (an) effect on (upon)生效;開(kāi)始發(fā)生作用of no effect(作表語(yǔ))沒(méi)有作用 without effect(作狀語(yǔ))沒(méi)有作用

14.encourage的用法

encourage只用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“鼓勵(lì);鼓舞;促進(jìn);助長(zhǎng)”等,常用于以下句型:

1) encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。如:My parents often encourage me to study hard.我的父母經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我努力學(xué)習(xí)。

2) encourage sb. in sth.在……方面助長(zhǎng)(鼓勵(lì))。如:Don't encourage him in laziness.別助長(zhǎng)他的懶惰行為。

We must encourage her in her studies.我們必須鼓勵(lì)她用功學(xué)習(xí)。

注意: encouraged和 encouraging作形容詞時(shí),前者說(shuō)明人“受到鼓舞的”,后者多用于修飾說(shuō)明物,意思是“令人鼓舞的”。如:We were encouraged by his achievements.他的成就使我們受到了鼓舞。The early results are encouraging.初步的結(jié)果是令人鼓舞的。by hand的意思是“用手;手工制作”,有強(qiáng)調(diào)不是用其他什么工具之意。如;

All these letters are written by hand.所有這些信件都是用手寫(xiě)的。Her bag was made by hand.她的包是手工制品

注意: hand的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ):hand in hand 手拉手 at hand 在手邊give sb. a hand 幫某人的忙價(jià) hand out分發(fā) shake hands with sb.與某人握手 hand in上繳 hand down傳下來(lái) in one’s hand在某人的手里(上) from hand to hand從一個(gè)人傳到另一個(gè)人 on the other hand另一方面

16. more than的用法種種

1)more than用于修飾形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞而不是數(shù)詞時(shí),可看作習(xí)語(yǔ),意思是“不止,不只是;非常”等。

My parents were more than happy to hear of my success.父母聽(tīng)到我的成功非常高興。

The Big Man Yao Ming has more than just size: he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player.身材魁梧的姚明并不只是體現(xiàn)在他的身高上,作為一名隊(duì)員,他還具備相當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)和速度。

“more十形容詞十than十形容詞”這種句式用于主語(yǔ)本身的兩種品質(zhì)的比較。

2)強(qiáng)調(diào)more之后的形容詞,而不是由than之后的形容詞。常譯成“與其說(shuō)……到不如說(shuō)……”。

I'm more disappointed than angry.與其說(shuō)我生氣,到不如說(shuō)我失望。

3)“more than one十單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);“more十復(fù)數(shù)名詞十than one”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如: More than one student has seen the film.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生看過(guò)那部電影。 More students than one have seen the film.

注意:no more than與not more than后跟數(shù)詞時(shí)的區(qū)別:no more than的意思是“僅僅;只有(only)”,有嫌少之意,帶有說(shuō)話者的主觀色彩;not more than的意思是“不到…(某個(gè)數(shù)字)(less than)”,無(wú)嫌少之意,也不帶有說(shuō)話人的任何主觀色彩。如: His whole school education added up to no more than one year.他所受的全部學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)僅僅只有~年。

His whole school education added up to not more than one year.他所受的全部學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)不超過(guò)一年。

【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)評(píng)] 一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)志用法歸納

A.一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“shall(will)+ be十及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意下面句型由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法:1)主語(yǔ)十謂語(yǔ)十賓語(yǔ)。如:

主動(dòng): We' 11 build a new house next year. 被動(dòng): A new house will be built ( by us) next year.

2)主語(yǔ)十謂語(yǔ)十間賓十直賓(含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ),另一個(gè)不變。習(xí)慣上把門(mén)接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

主動(dòng): My mother will give me a shirt. 被動(dòng): I will be given a shirt (by my mother) .

注意:如果把直接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ),則在間接賓語(yǔ)前加 to或 for。如:

主動(dòng): My mother will buy me a new coat. 被動(dòng): A new coat will be bought for me( by my mother ) .

3)主語(yǔ)十謂語(yǔ)十賓語(yǔ)十賓補(bǔ)。如:

主動(dòng):We' 11 ask him to help you tomorrow. 被動(dòng):He will be asked to help you ( by us ) .

注意:含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),將其中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),賓補(bǔ)不變。

B.注意一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其它幾種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式:

1) be going to be(done); be to be(done)。如:

主動(dòng): We are to repair the machine tomorrow. 被動(dòng):The machine is to be repaired ( by us ) tomorrow.

2) shall(will)+get + 過(guò)去分詞(多用于非正式場(chǎng)合)。如:

主動(dòng):I' 11 get the work done. 被動(dòng):The work will get done by me.

3) will+ become十過(guò)去分詞。如:The truth will become known.