I. General Goals for this Unit
1) words and expressions
all the way, tired, make oneself at home, excuse, on the left, repeat, forget to do sth, majority, native, in total, a second language, of one’s own, the number of, except, develop into, in fifty years, widely, communicate, so many, have a knowledge of, come about, quick, independent, at the same time, end up with, more or less
2) expressions for communicative uses
Asking for permission and responses
Daily expressions
a. May I …?
Can you …?
I wonder if I could …?
Would / Do you mind if I …?
b. Yes / Sure / Certainly.
Yes, please.
Of course.
Go ahead, please.
That’s OK / all right.
Not at all.
c. I’m sorry you can’t.
I’m sorry, but …
You’d better not.
3) Grammar
Direct speech and indirect speech (II)
II. Some of the vocabulary words
1) landlady, landlord
2) pronounce (v.), pronunciation (n.)
3) broad, Broadway (百老匯)
4) repeat, repetition (n.)
5) majority, major (adj. 主要的)
6) equal, equality (n.)
7) government, govern (v.)
8) tourism, tour
9) service, serve (v.)
10) signal, sign
11) movement, move
12) commander, command (v.)
13) independent, independence (n.)
14) fall, waterfall (n.)
15) expression, express (v.)
III. Language Studies
Warming up
1) What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom? Joe在盥洗室找不到的是什么東西？
What is it that …? 來(lái)自于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的框架：It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that …。
用法指導(dǎo)：為了便于說(shuō)明之，我們先引進(jìn)一個(gè)“母句”。
母句：I saw a friend in the street yesterday.
→It was I that (或who) saw a friend in the street yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
→It was ___ __________ that __ _____ in the street yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
→It was __ ____ _________ that __ ______ a friend yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ))
→It was ___________ that __ ________ a friend in the street. (強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ))
注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)形式：
Was it yesterday that you saw a friend in the street?
_______ _____ ____ (到底在哪) that you saw a friend yesterday?
What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom?
2) for the first time 首次，第一次（狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）
I visited the Great Wall for the first time that summer.
區(qū)別：the first time
①名詞結(jié)構(gòu)
I ______ ___________ (還記得) the first time that I saw the Great Wall.
It is the first time that I have been late.
②名詞性連詞，“第一次，一…就”
The first time I saw it, I knew it was mine.
3) have a good flight 飛行愉快 have a good time (泛指)過(guò)得愉快
4) all the way 全程；一直地
They ____ _____ _____ _________ (一路跑著到) here.
5) You must be very tired. 你一定很疲勞。
這里的must是表示推測(cè)，“一定是；肯定”。常見(jiàn)的句子有：
He must be watching TV now, ______________? (對(duì)嗎)
You must be hungry, ________________? (是嗎)
對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，用must have + 過(guò)去分詞：
You must have finished the work, _______________?
They must have been told about the news, _____________________?
6) at all 一般用在否定句，幫助加強(qiáng)否定的語(yǔ)氣，如：
I do not _____ the _______ ____ ____________ (根本不了解這座城市).
用在肯定和疑問(wèn)句的時(shí)候，有懷疑的口氣：
Did you know the city at all? 你到底了解這座城市嗎？
7) make oneself at home 無(wú)拘束；隨便一點(diǎn)，就象在自己家里一樣；感到舒適
Help _________ ___ (別客氣，吃) some more food; just make yourself at home.
I can’t ______ ________ ___ _________ in such a place. 在這樣的地方我覺(jué)得不自在。
8) upstairs 是一個(gè)副詞，注意其位置：
go upstairs (副詞狀語(yǔ)); a room upstairs （副詞后置定語(yǔ)）
Speaking
1) pronounce a word 發(fā)一個(gè)單詞的音
The word is ________ ____ this way. ( 這樣發(fā)音)
Your _______________ is different from mine.
2) hurry up 快點(diǎn)！
3) on one’s way back 在回來(lái)的路上 on one’s way home 在回家的路上 on one’s way to a place 在去某地的路上；
in this / that way;
in the way / in one’s way 妨礙，擋了路：Move a bit; you are in the / my way.
By the way;
In a way 在某種程度上：This match was well played in a way.
Pre-reading
1) native language; mother tongue 母語(yǔ)
native n. & adj.
A native ________ _____ our guide. 一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厝俗隽宋覀兊膶?dǎo)游。
native speakers of English 英語(yǔ)是母語(yǔ)的人們
He has a ________ deal of native __________. 他有極大的與生俱來(lái)的能力。
2) situation
The situation in China at that time was very _____________. (處境很困難)
The house has a fine _____________. 這所房子的地點(diǎn)很好。
Reading
1) English is a language spoken all around the world. 英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)全世界都講的語(yǔ)言。
注意spoken是分詞后置定語(yǔ)。
分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）可以直接作定語(yǔ)；理解分詞定語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵在于______________________________________________________________.
Do you know ___ ________ __________ a newspaper there? ( 那個(gè)正在讀報(bào)紙的人)
I want to buy a ________ _________. ( 會(huì)唱歌的鳥(niǎo)兒)
This is a bridge __________ by the farmers. (造)
_________ ________ ( 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)) is in greater need than ________ _________. (筆頭英語(yǔ))
--第四單元的學(xué)案上有更多的有關(guān)分詞定語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。
2) There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.
majority n. “大多數(shù)，大半”，要和the 連用：
___ _____________ _____ (大多數(shù)的) students here like English.
☆The majority is / are for the plan.
3) native speakers of English 母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的人
4) in total 總計(jì)；總共 (相當(dāng)于 altogether; in all)
These apples _______ 56 ________ ____ ___________. （總共花費(fèi)…美元）
The _____ __________ of students in our school _____ 1,200. (學(xué)生總數(shù)是)
5) of one’s own (…) 某人自己的..
I don’t want to ______ (分享) a room with others; I want a room ____ _______ _________. （自己的）
6) an equal number of people learn English as a second language
a number of 大量、許多，等于many, a lot of，加可數(shù)名詞，number 前可受large, great, small 等修飾，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)：
__ _________ _______ ____ people went to the Great Wall on National Day. （大量的）
the number of “…的數(shù)目”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)：
The _________ ___ students here ___ 1,200. (這里的學(xué)生數(shù)目)
An equal number of 同等數(shù)量的：
We have 200 English books and __ ________ _________ ___ Chinese books. (同等數(shù)量的)
7) In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.
注意這里又出現(xiàn)了分詞后置定語(yǔ)most widely spoken and used in the world。
develop into 發(fā)展、發(fā)育成…；發(fā)達(dá)成…
The place has developed _______ a small __________ __________ a modern city. (從一個(gè)小村，成)
8) the working language 工作語(yǔ)言 international organizations 國(guó)際性組織 international trade and tourism 國(guó)際貿(mào)易和旅游
9) Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese.
Without + 動(dòng)名詞是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的狀語(yǔ)性結(jié)構(gòu)：
He came into the room ________ ______ ________ (沒(méi)向我們打招呼) to us.
He came __________ _______ ________ (不請(qǐng)自來(lái)).
10) Chinese businessmen, … talk with them using English. 華商們用英語(yǔ)和他們交談。
分詞可以作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間不要用任何連詞；但分詞本身可以有自己的連詞或副詞。
He went there _________ and ___________. ( 唱著跳著)
He stood under the tree, _________. (看書(shū))
_________ _____ the room, he saw a lot of classmates. (走進(jìn))
While riding the bicycle, Li Ping fell and broke his leg.
Once finished, the bridge will be the longest in Asia.
11) global culture 全球文化 global village 地球村
12) communicate with 和…交流 communicate … to 把…傳遞給
__ ______ ___ ________ (將很容易) to communicate with foreigners if you have a good knowledge of English.
Please communicate the message to them at once.
13) With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
①With + n. + 分詞或不定式往往作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨情況：
With so many people ____________ (談話) outside, I didn’t hear the radio.
--（用什么分詞？為什么？）
The man with his hands __________ (招手) is our English teacher.
--（用什么分詞？為什么？）
With the work _________ (完成), they went home.
--（用什么分詞？為什么？）
With so much homework to do, I have to go home at once.
--(講這句話的時(shí)候，作業(yè)做了嗎？)
②have a good knowledge of English 有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)/功底
knowledge 本來(lái)是不可數(shù)名詞，如：
Knowledge is power (知識(shí)就是力量)；但當(dāng)指某一門(mén)具體學(xué)科等的知識(shí)時(shí)，可以作可數(shù)名詞，如：
___ good ____________ of English is a must in _____________ __________. (一個(gè)扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)功底是國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的必備條件。)
--（高考題目）
Language study
1) exchange 交換
They ____________ _________ and then said ________ ___ ______ __________. (他們相互交換了電子信箱，就互道再見(jiàn)。)
2) stay up 熬夜，不睡覺(jué)；挺立不倒
He is tired because he _______ ___ ______ ________ (熬夜太晚) last night.
The building stayed up after the earthquake(地震).
Integrating skills
1) know about the difference between 了解…之間的差異
注意區(qū)別：know about 了解關(guān)于…的情況（片面、直觀）；know知道，認(rèn)識(shí)（全面、深刻）：
I knows ________ English, but I do not ________ English. (我了解一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)的情況但是我不懂英語(yǔ)。)
difference between A and B A 和B之間的差異、不同點(diǎn)
I can’t _______ the ____________ between these two books. (區(qū)別，不同點(diǎn))
Between 通常指兩者之間，還可以指每?jī)烧咧g；
The city is ________ a ___________ and a canal. 該城市位于鐵路和運(yùn)河之間。
There are soldiers between trees. 在每?jī)煽脴?shù)之間都站著士兵。
Among 指眾多事物之間：He came from a village among the hills.
2) come about “發(fā)生；造成”，注意該詞組同happen一樣，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)：
How _________ (was 還是did？) the accident come about?
3) stay the same “保持不變”，stay 可以作連系動(dòng)詞，加形容詞the same作表語(yǔ)。又如：
The temperature _______ ______ ( 一直熱) this week.
The store ________ _______ (一直開(kāi)著) till 12 at night.
4) end up with “以…結(jié)束”
His speech started with a joke and ended up with a joke.
He is sure to end up with a big failure.
5) A + be different from B A不同于B
My _________ (主意) is _________ ________________ (相當(dāng)不同于) from yours.
6) more or less 幾乎，差不多；大致，大約；或多或少
The plan is _____ ___ ______ the same ___ that one. (大致一樣)
I have ______ __ _______ _________ _________ the book. (差不多讀完了)
He ______ _______ or less a whole day to repair the car. ( 花費(fèi))
7) have … difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有…困難
The old man had a lot of difficulty (in) finding his home.
_____ (一些)
_____ (沒(méi)有)
_____ (很大)
There be … difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth
以上結(jié)構(gòu)里的(in) doing sth可以換成with something.
9) over the centuries “幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)；橫亙幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間”，over 可以表示時(shí)間或地域的跨度：
He ________ ________ (驅(qū)車(chē)來(lái)) to see me.
He stayed in the country _______ ____ _________ (整個(gè)周末).
10) bring in 拿近來(lái)；引來(lái)；引進(jìn)；吸收；賺得；有收入
___________________________ (把衣服收進(jìn)來(lái)); it is raining.
The police brought in two thieves.
We will have to bring more workers in to help us harvest rice.
_____________________________ (美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)) brings in 200 million dollars a year.
11) compare A with B 把A和 B進(jìn)行比較
If you ________ this pen ______ that one, you can see the _________. (如果你把這支筆和那支筆進(jìn)行一下比較，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)差異。)
compare A to B 把A比作B
We often compare girls to flowers. → Girls are ______ ________ ______ ________.
12) give a description of 對(duì)…作一個(gè)描述
Please give ____ a _______ ___________ of the accident. (給我們一個(gè)清晰的描述)
13) replace A with B 用B來(lái)替代A
The workers _________ the old machine with a ______ ________. (用一臺(tái)新的來(lái)代替舊機(jī)器)