1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost

C. might lose D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

9. If you ________________Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact

C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted

10. ____________he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been

C. were D. hadn’t contacted

13. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be

C. there was D. there having been

17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

18. I apologize if I __________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional(無(wú)意的)l.

A. offend B. had offended

C. should have offended D. might have offended

19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

21. I wish that I _______________ with you last night.

A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone

22. I wish I ___________ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.

A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended

24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.

A. had not gone B. have not gone

C. did not go D. can not have gone

25. “I wish you___________ me to put these things away,” he said.

A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help

26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling

27. I hadn’t expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me

C. him to call me D. that he call me

28.George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself

29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his

30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.

A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm

39.Without electronic computers, much of today’s ___________advanced technology .

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have

43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up

45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

46. I hadn’t expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him to call me up B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes

49. I’d rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her.

A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking

C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak

51. It’s high time they____________ this road.

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend

52. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we___________ the class.

A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start

54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received

56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.

A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming

57. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.

A. have been postponed B. has been postponed

C. postpone D. be postponed

59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.

A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay

C. asks he stays D. asks he stay

62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited

64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing

65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.

A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to

答案與詳解

1．A．條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。

2．B．條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬。

3．A．條件句表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)的虛擬。

4．B．條件句表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)的相反。

5．C．條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。

6．D．條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。

7．B．這個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)省略if，把助動(dòng)詞提前到主語(yǔ)they之前的虛擬條件句，該條件句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也應(yīng)該是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè)，因而應(yīng)該選（B）would have lost為正確答案。

8．（D）這道題目是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。條件句省略了if，把助詞had提前到主語(yǔ)前面，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中now表明了對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)選would(should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有（D）是正確表達(dá)形式，故為正確答案。

9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正確答案，而主句是隱含的對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，該句是一個(gè)混合虛擬條件句。

10．（B）假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句表示，而是隱含在一個(gè)由介詞如but for、but that、without, 由連詞but、副詞otherwise 、比較級(jí)、形容詞、獨(dú)立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上由于英語(yǔ)考試而沒(méi)有去成，即若不是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)考試，我本可以去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，所以應(yīng)選But for為正確答案。

11．（C）題目中的第一句話表示的是現(xiàn)在真實(shí)的情況，而第二句話中所要表達(dá)的是應(yīng)該做但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做的事，這種情況導(dǎo)致第一句話中真實(shí)情況的發(fā)生，故If only條件句假設(shè)的是過(guò)去一種情況，因此應(yīng)該用had +過(guò)去分詞，所以正確答案是（C）。

12．D．注意主句now表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬，從句是對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬。

13．A．從句對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。

14．B．從句表示虛擬，而主句是事實(shí)。

17．（D）本道題目的前半句話是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生，而事實(shí)上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的真實(shí)原因是句子的后半部分由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實(shí)。因而but所引導(dǎo)的句子中應(yīng)該用表示志過(guò)去事實(shí)相符合的表陳述的時(shí)態(tài)，即一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

18．（B）此題要求在if從句中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式，以主句中的動(dòng)詞apologize(抱歉)來(lái)看，if從句中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是過(guò)去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因?yàn)椋ˋ）是現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（C）中should+have+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做卻沒(méi)有做的事，在此不合題意。（D）選項(xiàng)中的might+have+過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情很不肯定的猜測(cè)，它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容還不能成為事實(shí)，所以藉此道歉真是不知從何說(shuō)起，因此此處也不合題意。（B）had offended表示當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作。這是復(fù)雜條件句：apologize 是現(xiàn)在，而條件句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去假設(shè)的條件句。

19．（A）該句也是一個(gè)復(fù)雜條件句（或稱(chēng)作混合虛擬條件句）。條件句表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上卻與此相反，所以正確答案應(yīng)該是（A）。

20．（A）as if引導(dǎo)的從句要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示同時(shí)或?qū)��?lái)的情況，動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）或would(could等)+動(dòng)詞原形，本句話中指的是當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，所以要用過(guò)去式，故（A）是正確答案。

21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D．

26．（B）had not occurred表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，條件句中要用過(guò)去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形的過(guò)去分詞。

27．（B）had hoped是常見(jiàn)的要求其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型,虛擬語(yǔ)氣would+動(dòng)詞原形。

28．（C）表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，主句動(dòng)詞形式為would(should, could, might)+have+過(guò)去分詞，條件句為過(guò)去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主語(yǔ)前面。（B），（D）的表達(dá)不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，所以（C）是正確答案。

29．（A）suggest后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，其形式為should（可以省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。

30．A．表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬。

31．A．a(chǎn)s though引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。

32．D．felt是過(guò)去式，所以該句是由as though引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。

33．D．a(chǎn)s if引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。

34．A．a(chǎn)s if引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去相反的虛擬。

35．C．

36．（D）would rather后接從句要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形式為過(guò)去式，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)的假設(shè)，或?yàn)檫^(guò)去完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去的情況的假設(shè)。

37．（C）who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作業(yè)已發(fā)生，所以主句中表示的虛擬是針對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的行為，所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成式表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。

38．（B）

39．（C）這是一人含蓄虛擬條件句，通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)without,表示潛在的一種假設(shè)，而主句中的情況也早已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種假設(shè)，因此用would not have been achieved這一形式。

40．（D）連so that引導(dǎo)的從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種假設(shè)，形式為might+動(dòng)詞原形。

41．（B）It is time that是一種要求從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)句型。虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。

42．（C）

43．（C）otherwise用來(lái)表示一種含蓄的虛擬假設(shè)，因?yàn)槭菍?duì)過(guò)去(yesterday)的情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)該用would have come形式。

44．（B）所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)表示對(duì)未來(lái)的情況的虛擬的形式should+動(dòng)詞原形，或是were to do，因此可以斷定if引導(dǎo)的條件句在這里最真實(shí)的條件句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故（B）是正確答案。

45．（A）這是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子，if條件句表示的是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在（now）的情況的假設(shè)，故用would tell形式。

46．C． 47．C． 48．C．

49．B．would rather引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣其謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式。

50．D．would as soon引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用過(guò)去式.

51．B． 52．B． 53．B． 54．B．

55．C．注意單詞otherwise引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

56．C．同上。

57．A．注意詞組for fear that

58．A．注意without

59．C． 60．C． 61．D． 62．B． 64．A． 65．D．