一、教法建議

【拋磚引玉】

單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

Ⅰ . 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

have a talk with , meaning , woodcutter , come across , cut up , homeland , before long , move on , keep on , works , master, freely, doctor, peasant , unite , progress, make progress , native , force , base , revolutionary, limited , rapid , article , praise , encourage , situation , spirit, translate , translate…into…, university , degree , communism , social , idiom , vocabulary

Ⅱ . 交際英語

語 言 學(xué) 習(xí)

1 . How are you getting on with your English lessons ?

2 . My grammar is improving , but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn .

3 . Are you making good progress ?

4 . I find…easiest most difficult .

Ⅲ . 語法學(xué)習(xí)

用一般過去式表示過去完成時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。而過去完成時(shí)則表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前就完成了的動(dòng)作或已存在的狀態(tài)。但是，在含有由"before"和"after"引導(dǎo)的從句的主從復(fù)合句中，由于 before 和 after 本身的詞義已經(jīng)表明了時(shí)間的先后，故可以不用過去完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí)替代。

After he ( had ) asked for leave , he went home . 請了假他才回家。

He ( had ) asked for leave before he went home . 他回家之前先請假。

【指點(diǎn)迷津】

"多 ( 少 ) …… ? "譯法

1 . 與可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，用"how many + …… ( 復(fù)數(shù) ) "

How many days are there in a week ?

How many times have you been there ?

2 . 與不可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，用"how much + ……"

How much water is there in the bottle ?

How much money do you want ?

3 . 與形容詞，副詞連用時(shí)，用"how + ……"

How old is he ?

How long is the River Nile ?

How fast did he run in the race ?

4 . 詢問時(shí)間時(shí) a . 多久，用"how long"，b . 多久才或多久以后，用"how soon"，c . 隔多久一次，用"how often"

How long did they stay in the zoo ?

- How soon can you come back ?

- In an hour .

- How often do you go there ?

- Once a week .

5 . 詢問價(jià)格、金錢時(shí)，用"how much"

How much does this hat cost ?

How much is this pen ?

6 . 貨幣、度量衡連用時(shí)，用"how many + 貨幣、度量衡單位"

How many yuan do you need ? 試比較：

How many US dollars do you need ?

7 . 與抽象名詞連用時(shí)，用"what is the…"，不能用"how many + ……"

What is the population of Europe in 1990 ?

What is the average temperature in London on a summer's day ?

What is his age ?

What is the distance from here to the park ?

What is the price of this pen ?

What is the time ?

二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航

【學(xué)法指要】

單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥

1 . force 力量，武力

the forces of nature 大自然的力量 * social forces ( 各種 ) 社會(huì)勢力 join the forces = join the army

( 2 ) 強(qiáng)迫；迫使 force sb . to do sth . 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事

be forced to do sth . 被迫做某事 force a way in ( out , through ) 進(jìn)入 ( 出、過 )

I didn't want to go , but they forced me to .

Because it was very cold , we were forced to travel at night .

The thief took the money from the old man by force .

The nurse forced the food into his mouth .

〖點(diǎn)撥〗force 與 make

兩都可以作"迫使"解。force 表示以武力或暴力作為迫使手段。make 的用法比較廣泛，它的強(qiáng)迫性不如 force 強(qiáng)。兩者均可接含不定式的復(fù)合賓語，但是 force 的賓補(bǔ)不定式帶 to , make 則不帶 to，但當(dāng) make 用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，省略的 to 要加上。 by force 用武力方式。

force + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)

The two thieves forced the room open .

2 . works 著作；作品

When he wrote one of his great works , The Civil War in France , he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English .

the works of Shakespeare 莎士比亞的著作

〖點(diǎn)撥〗works 是由作為可數(shù)名詞的 work 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式而得來的。work 作為可數(shù)名詞仍然可以以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，意為"著作；作品"。

a new work by John Lewis 約翰劉易斯的新作

3 . situation 形勢；情況

He found it important to study the situation in Russia .

the political situation 政治形勢

〖點(diǎn)撥〗in…situation處于…形勢；在…的情況下

The village was in bad situation after the storm .

4 . praise 贊揚(yáng)；表揚(yáng)

Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it .

〖點(diǎn)撥〗praise sb . for sth . 為某事而表揚(yáng)某人

praise…as…稱贊…為 / 是…

She ought to be praised for what she has done .

Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for years .

5 . progress 進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展

He made good progress .

I'm sorry to say that we have made very little progress in our work .

前進(jìn)，有進(jìn)展 ( to go forward ; get better )

We progress in learning step by step .

Science has greatly progressed . 科學(xué)發(fā)展突飛猛進(jìn)。

〖點(diǎn)撥〗make…progress in 在…進(jìn)步

6 . encourage 鼓勵(lì)。

They encouraged the children to paint pictures .

My teacher encouraged me to speak English .

He was greatly encouraged by his teacher's praise .

Good health encourages clear thinking . 健康使思維清晰。

〖點(diǎn)撥〗excite , inspire，激勵(lì)，激發(fā)。discourage , dispirit，使沮喪，使氣餒

en courage sb to do 鼓勵(lì) 某人干……。discourage sb from ing 使某人干……氣餒。

另外注 encouraging可以作形容詞表示"鼓舞人心的"。如：

They were encouraged by those encouraging speeches .

7 . people , the people 和 peoples

people ( 人，人們 ) 是集體名詞，表復(fù)數(shù)，泛指"人們"，其前不加冠詞。如：

The streets were crowded with people .

There are five people in my family . 我家有五口人。

the people ( 人民 ) ，指一國或全世界的人民，或與統(tǒng)治階級相對的人民群眾。如：

We should serve the people ( heart and soul ) .

All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people .

peoples ( 民族 ) 一個(gè)民族用 a people , 如：

Hawaiians were a people , not a nation .

從前夏威夷人是一個(gè)民族不是一個(gè)國家。

The Chinese people is a great people . 中華民族是一個(gè)偉大的民族。

There are 56 peoples in China . 中國有56個(gè)民族。

單元詞組思維運(yùn)用

1 . have a talk with ____交談，與……會(huì)談

Yang Mei is having a talk with her teacher Sara about learning English . 楊梅正就英語學(xué)習(xí)問題和她的老師薩拉談話。

I had a long talk with her yesterday . 我昨天與她作了一次長談。

I'd like to have a talk with you .

We had a long talk about going to London .

有關(guān) have 的習(xí)語

①"have + 賓語"常用來表示一個(gè)短時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。不能將 have 簡單地理解為"有"。

它和一些詞搭配，表現(xiàn)了英語的習(xí)慣用法的一些意思 -- 它可表示 eat , drink , take , to , enjoy 等，其意義視后面跟的名詞而定。如：

have breakfast ( lunch , supper ) 吃早 ( 中、晚 ) 飯

have a lesson 上一堂課 / have a song 唱一支歌

have a look 看一看 / have a talk 談一談

have a drink 喝一杯 / have a joke 開個(gè)玩笑

have a rest 休息一下 / have a walk 散散步

have a ride 騎下馬 / have a swim 游泳

have a wash 洗臉 ( 澡 ) / have a meeting 開會(huì)

have a party 舉行一次聚會(huì) / have a test 測試

have an accident 出事故 / have a letter 收到一封信

have a cold 患感冒 / have a headache 患頭痛

have a baby 生小孩 / have a fire 生火

have a cold wet day 天氣又冷又濕

have a good holiday 度過愉快的假日

2 . have a problem with -- find…difficult 在……方面遇到困難

If you have a problem with pronunciation , you should listen to some English tapes every day .

If you have a problem with writing , you should read as much as possible before you practise it .

3 . for…reasons -- 由于……方面的原因

He was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons .

She can't go with us for health reasons .

注意：在這樣的短語中，reason 要用復(fù)數(shù)式。再如：

I'll leave for Beijing for business reasons .

She will give up this journey for reasons of her own .

4 . before long -- soon 不久，不久以后

The work will be finished before long .

5 . in fact -- really , actually 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上，其實(shí)

He is a scholar by name , not in fact .

In fact , he has improved his English .

注意：除 in fact 外，in reality , really , actually , as a matter of fact 等都作"事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上"解。

6 . write back -- 寫回信

Have you written back to your parents yet ?

He wrote back accepting our offer .

7 . go on to sth . -- 接著去做另一件事

So much for the present participle , now I'll go on to say something about the gerund .

He went on to show us how to do it in a different way .

After explaining the text , he went on to show us how to do the experiment .

辨析：go on to do sth . 指某事已經(jīng)做完接著去開始做與原來不相同的另一件事。

go on doing sth . 指"某事尚未做完，暫停后，繼續(xù)做原來在做的事。"

它還有"一直做某事"的意思。如：

She nodded to me and went on reading the paper .

Dr Bethune went on working throughout the night .

go on with sth . 也是指繼續(xù)做某一件事，但 with 扣接名詞。如：

We went on with the work .

8 . keep on doing sth . -- 繼續(xù)做某事，反復(fù)做某事

Don't give up , keep on trying .

People kept on coming to the hospital to see him .

You keep on making the same mistake .

I kept on calling you the whole afternoon .

辨析：①keep on doing sth . 與 go on doing sth . 有時(shí)兩者可以互相換用。但若表示"強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作、行為的反復(fù)多次或表示決?quot;，常用 keep on doing sth .

②keep on doing sth . 與 keep doing sth . 有時(shí)可以換用，注意后面應(yīng)接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)名詞，如：working , writing 等，一般不能接表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)名詞，如：standing , lying , sitting , sleeping 等。但若表示保持同一動(dòng)作的持續(xù)狀態(tài)時(shí)，只用 keep doing sth . 而不用 keep on doing sth . 例如

Someone kept knocking at the door .

He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all morning .

It kept raining all the night .

9 . be sure about / of sth . -- 確信，有把握，肯定

I'm sure of his success .

Can we be sure of his honesty ?

He is not sure about the number .

辨析：①be sure about / of 后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，如接名詞從句，要用 be sure + 由 that 或 when , where , whether , what , how 等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，表示"某人確信某事。"例如：

I'm sure ( that ) I can run faster than you .

單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰

1 . How are you getting on with your English lessons ?

How is sb . getting on ( with sth . ) ? How is sth . getting on ?

How are you getting on ? ( 問生活或健康狀況 ) 你近來可好 ?

How is your brother getting on with his research work ? 你弟弟的研究工作進(jìn)展如何 ?

How is his research work ? 他的研究工作進(jìn)展如何 ?

2 . …h(huán)e found it important to study the situation in Russia .

sb . finds / feels / thinks it + adj . + ( for sb . ) to do sth .

* I've found it interesting to talk with foreigners in English .

* He thinks it necessary for his brother to know the secret .

3 . …and made London the base for his revolutionary work .

sb . makes ( calls / thinks / finds / considers ) + n . / pron . + n .

We made him captain of the ship .

We must keep it a secret .

What do you call this kind of flower ?

4 . He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper . 他進(jìn)步得非常快，不多久就開始用英語給美國一家報(bào)紙寫文章了。

such…that 連接一具表示結(jié)果的狀語從句，意思是"如此…以致"；such 是形容詞，它所修飾的名詞可以是單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前既可帶形容詞，也可不帶。

It was such a hot day that they wanted to go swimming .

She made such rapid progress that she was praised by her parents .

These are such interesting books that children like to read them .

5 . In fact his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it . 實(shí)際上，在那些文章中，有一篇他寫得很好，恩格斯為此曾寫信表揚(yáng)他。

so…that 也連接表示結(jié)果的狀語從句，意思也?quot;如此……以致"；so 是副詞，因此只能后接形容詞，然后帶 a / an , 再接單數(shù)名詞 ( 不可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞是不能用在 so 后面的 ) ；或者 so 后面只接形容詞或副詞，不帶名詞。

It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming .

These books are so interesting that children like to read them .

6 . In the 1870s , when Marx was already in his fifties , he found it important to study the situation in Russia , so he began to learn Russian . 在十九世紀(jì)七十年代，馬克思已經(jīng)五十幾歲了，他覺得研究俄國的形勢很重要，便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語。

句中 found 后面接了復(fù)合賓語，it 是形式賓語，代替后面的不定式 to study…，不定式是真正的賓語，important 是賓語補(bǔ)足語。

I find it hard to listen to English .

They find it necessary to practise English every day .

7 . In one of his books , he gave advice on how to learn a foreign language . 馬克思在他寫的一本書里，對如何學(xué)習(xí)外語提出了一些建議。

介詞后面一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，有些介詞后面可能出現(xiàn)"疑問詞 + 不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。

He was thinking about how to do it .

8 . in the 1870s 在19世紀(jì)70年代 ( 從1870 - 1879年 )

in the 1840s 在19世紀(jì)40年代 ( 從1840 - 1949年 )

上兩個(gè)短語中 1870s 和 1840s 可分別寫為：1870's 和 1840's。

9 . in one's + 基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 ( 該基數(shù)詞常為表示"幾十"的數(shù)詞 ) 意思是：在某人幾十多歲時(shí)。

He is at least in his forties .

in my twenties 在我20多歲的時(shí)候

10 . give ( sb . ) some advice on / about 給 ( 某人 ) 一些關(guān)于…的建議

In one of his books , Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language .

My teacher gave me some advice on / about the study of grammar .

注：advice 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能說 an advice，但可以說 a piece of advice , some advice .

【妙文賞析】

What Is Friendship ?

Friendship is small umbrella in the rainy season .

It props up a stretch of clear sky .

Friendship is a gust of temperate wind .

It can stoke the wet heart warm .

Friendship is a lamp on a cold night .

It burns warm flame .

Friendship is a pure white handkerchief .

It wipes the sad tear stains on your cheeks dry .

What is friendship ?

It is a fate that can't be pulled and torn .

It passes through many hands or places to the end of life .

With the growth ring of time .

友誼是什么 ?

友誼是雨季里的小傘，

撐起一片晴天。

友誼是一陣溫馨的風(fēng)，

把潮濕的心撫暖。

友誼是寒夜里的一盞燈，

燃著熱情的火焰，

友誼是一塊潔白的手帕，

拭干你腮邊傷心的淚痕。

友誼是什么 ?

是一份牽扯不斷的情緣，

隨著時(shí)間的年輪，

輾轉(zhuǎn)到底。

【思維體操】

請選出與句中劃線部分意義相符的答案：

1 . He is an old bird and can do it well .

A . 老鳥 B . 老練的人 C . 老年人 D . 熟練

2 . He came out third in the last examination .

A . 名列 B . 出來 C . 出現(xiàn) D . 超過

3 . They are two thousand yuan to the bad .

A . 很壞 B . 壞到極點(diǎn) C . 欠帳 D . 有點(diǎn)虧損

4 . She failed to make good her promise .

A . 履行 B . 做得好 C . 進(jìn)步快 D . 做

答案：1 - 5 B A C A A

三、智能顯示

【心中有數(shù)】

單元語法發(fā)散思維

1 . 如果我們正在談?wù)摰氖且呀?jīng)過去了的事，要說到比這更早一些時(shí)候發(fā)生的事，就用過去完成時(shí)。如：

He wasn't a stranger - I had met him once before .

I explained that I had forgotten my keys .

2 . 過去完成時(shí)常用在間接引語里，放在 said , told , asked 等過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的后面，這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)指的是在談話之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

He said that he had known her well .

I told them that I had finished my task .

3 . 在包含有 when , before , after , until 等連詞的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句謂語和從句謂語所表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作通常用過去完成時(shí)表示。但若句中有 before , after 等連詞，由于他們已表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作也都可用一般過去時(shí)表示。如：

I ( had ) heard the news before he told me .

After we did ( had done ) our homework , we went swimming .

4 . 過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)時(shí)間段的區(qū)別。

時(shí)間段與過去時(shí)連用，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在這段時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)或這段時(shí)間的始終；時(shí)間段與過去完成時(shí)連用，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。如：

I learned Japanese during my holidays .

I had learned Japanese during my holidays .

5 . 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作雖是接連發(fā)生的，但若用 and 或 but 連接時(shí)，都只須用一般過去時(shí)。如：

He entered the room , took off his coat and sat down at the table .

She lost her necklace , but found it afterward .

6 . 用 hope , think , expect , plan , want 等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)，表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、打算、希望或意圖等。如：

I had hoped to be able to come and see you . ( 實(shí)際上沒來 )

They had wanted to help but could not get there in time .

【動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦】

單元能力主體檢測

1 . 她在英語方面的進(jìn)步不大"

【 誤 】She has not made many progresses with her English .

【 正 】She has not made much progress in her English .

【 析 】make progress ( 取得進(jìn)步 ) 中的 progress 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能用 many 修飾；"在……方面取得進(jìn)步"用 make progress in…。

2 . 入口處的人很多，我們進(jìn)不去。

【 誤 】There were such many people at the entrance that we couldn't get through .

【 正 】There were so many people at the entrance that we couldn't get through .

【 析 】such…that…和so…that…都是"如此……以致……"的意思，such 后接名詞，is 后接形容詞或副詞。但是，當(dāng)名詞前有 many , much , few , little ( 少的 ) 修飾時(shí)，就得用 so…that…。

3 . 幾個(gè)月以后，他就能用英語與人交談了。

【 誤 】Several months later , he could talk with others in English .

【 正 】Several months later , he was able to talk with others in English .

【 析 】could 和 be able to 都可以表示"過去的能力"，但在表示"經(jīng)過努力達(dá)到"這一意思時(shí)，就只能用 be able to。

4 . 對于這個(gè)問題說得已經(jīng)夠多的了。

【 誤 】Enough have been said on the subject .

【 正 】Enough has been said on the subject .

【 析 】enough 作名詞用時(shí)，意為"足夠的東西 ( 如錢、事情、工作等 ) "，視為不可數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

5 . 直到十二點(diǎn)他才回到家。

【 誤 】He didn't get to home until 12 o'clock .

【 正 】He didn't get home until 12 o'clock .

【 析 】get to ( 到達(dá) ) 后接名詞或代詞。當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)的地點(diǎn)是副詞 ( 如 home , here , there 等 ) 時(shí)，則去掉 to。

6 . 二十世紀(jì)九十年代中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

【 誤 】Great changes have taken place in China in 1990s .

【 正 】Great changes have taken place in China in the 1990s .

【 析 】"在某個(gè)年代"的英語表達(dá)法是"in + the + 整十?dāng)?shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式"，其中的 the 不可少。

7 . 我覺得難以與他相處。

【 誤 】I find it difficult to get along with him .

【 析 】find , feel , think , consider 等動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)共同用法是：當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語 ( 賓語 + 補(bǔ)足語 ) 中的賓語不是名詞或代詞而是不定式或從句時(shí)，通常用 it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語 ( 不定式或從句 ) 放在補(bǔ)足語的后面。

8 . 他們?yōu)槿嗣穹��?wù)的精神值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。

【 誤 】Their spirits of serving the people are worth learning from .

【 正 】Their spirit of serving the people is worth learning from .

【 析 】spirit 作"精神，精神實(shí)質(zhì)"解時(shí)，晃可數(shù)名詞。

【創(chuàng)新園地】

要求：請根據(jù)我們熟知的愛因斯坦向一個(gè)年輕人傳授成功秘密的詞語提示，用英語寫一篇《成功的秘密》的短文。詞數(shù)：80 - 120。

1 . Albert Einstein 2 . German scientist 3 . work hard 4 . a few days later 5 . angry 6 . a piece of paper 7 . A = X + Y + Z 8 . stand for 9 . good methods 10 . get down to

請同學(xué)們寫好后把你的答案反饋給我們。

創(chuàng)新園地答案：

The secret of success

　

A young man once asked Albert Einstein , the great German scientist , "What the secret of success is . "The scientist told him that the secret of success is to work hard .

A few days later the young man asked him the same question again . Einstein was very angry . He didn't say anything but wrote something on a piece of paper and gave it to the young man . The young man looked at the piece of paper . On it was written ： A = X + Y + Z .

"What does this mean ? "asked the young man .

"A means success , "explained the old scientist , "X stands for hard work , Y - for good methods , and Z means stop talking and get down to work . "

Karl Marx

四、同步題庫

Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇

1.In ,when he was in his ,he began to learn English.

A.1980's;fifties B.the 1980s;fifty

C.1980s;the fifties D.the 1980's;fifties

2.Which is wrong?

A.I find some idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.

B.I find it hard to learn some idioms and useful expressions.

C.I find that some idioms and useful expressions are hard to learn.

D.I find that is hard to learn some idioms and useful expressions.

3.The twins their hard working.

A.praised for B.were praised to

C.were praised for D.have praised for

4.Bill said that he had been to Beijing .

A.before for B.long ago C.long before D.after a month

5.He ate bread for lunch that he became hungry soon.

A.such a little B.so little C.so small a D.such little

6.Don't the children to do too much homework.

A.have B.make C.let D.force

7.Those two girls come from ,so they are .

A.Germany;Germen B.Germany;Germans

C.German;Germanys D.Germen;Germany

8.In the days ,he was sad and he cried all day.

A.following B.followed C.next D.that followed

9.He the army for 8 years before he became a businessman.

A.joined B.had joined C.had been in D.joined in

10.The young man went the wood,swam the river and came to a small village.

A.in;across B.through;across

C.through;over D.into;through

11.-How are you getting on with your work?

-I haven't made I should.

A.such much progress as B.as more progress as

C.so much progress as D.as many progress as

12.If you have a preblem writing,you should practise more.

A.in B.with C.about D.on

13.-What are you doing with the fallen tree?

-I am .

A.cutting it down B.cutting down it

C.cutting it up D.cutting up it

14.I decide to visit him next week.

A.sometimes B.some times C.sometime D.some time

15.The heavy snow made for us to go to the party at night.

A.it is impossible B.it unable C.us impossible D.it impossible

16.-How are you getting along with you lessons?

-Not very .

A.good B.poor C.bad D.well

17.He is old and in bad health,and he can not look after himself. ,his son should look after him.

A.As a result of B.As a result C.As this reason D.For these reasons

18.Would you please give us on how to learn Chinese well?

A.some piece of advice B.some advice

C.much advice D.an advice

19.First we read the passage again and again,and then we went on my

homework.

A.with B.doing C.writing D.to doing

20.He is standing under the tree, in his pockets.

A.put his hands B.by his hands

C.with his hands D.is putting his hands

Ⅱ.閱讀理解

(一)

Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818.He entered Bonn University in 1835 and went to Berlin University to continue his studies two years later. In October 1842,he became the editor(編輯)of the Rheinische Zeitung, and there he began his attack on the old society. Because of his revolutionary activities he was forced to leave his homeland .He moved th France and then to Belgium. In 1848,he returned to Cologne to join the revolution directly. After the 1848 revolution failed, he was expelled(驅(qū)逐)from Germany. He went to Paris, but was soon forced to leave France. In 1849,he went to London and spent most of his time there.

　　Marx became one of the leading spirits of the First International(第一國際).

Together with Engles, Marx published the Manifesto of the Communist Party(《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》)in 1848.His most important work was On Capital(《資本論》).The first volume was published in 1867.

Marx was also a great learner of languages. He could read all the leading European languages and write in three: German, French and English. He liked to say that a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.

He died on March 14,1883 in London.

1.Which of the following is correct?

A.On Capital has only one volume.

B.Marx alone wrote the Manifesto of the Communist party.

C.He had learned 3 languages: German, English and French.

D.Marx was an important person in the First International.

2.What does the word"weapon"probably mean in the last sentence of paragraph3?

A.投資 B.武器 C.財(cái)富 D.設(shè)備

3.Which of the following is NOT correct?

A.Karl Marx died at the age of 65.

B.Marx began his studies at Berlin University in 1837.

C.It was in three countries that he took part in his revolutionary activities.

D.After the 1848 revolution failed, Marx spent all his time in London.

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A.The whole On Capital was completed after 1867.

B.Marx died in the war in London against his enemy.

C.At first ,he used his papers to begin his attack on the old society.

D.He was not allowed for only once to live in Germany.

5.What does the passage tell us?

A.Marx's childhood and his early revolution.

B.Marx was a great leader in the attack on the old society.

C.Marx's revolution against the old society and his talent(天才)of learning languages.

D.How Marx took up revolutionary activities.

(二)

The first time I saw Karl Marx was in February 1865.I was twenty-four years old. Never in my life shall I forget the impression (印象)made on my first visit.

Marx could read in all the leading European languages and write in three: German, French and English .He was fond of(喜歡)saying,"A foreign language is a weapon(武器)in the struggle of life."At fifty he took up the study of Russian. Although the language was quite different from the languages he knew ,he made such progress in six months as to be able to enjoy reading Russian poetry and prose(詩歌和散文)works.

Although he went to bed very late, he was always up between eight and nine in the morning .Having drunk a cup of black coffee and read through his newspapers, he would go to his study and work there till two or three next morning ,breaking off only for meals, and when the weather allowed ,for a walk on Hampstead Health. During the day he slept for an hour or two on the sofa. For that he often forgot his meals. Often he had to be called again and again before he came down to the diningroom. But hardly had he eaten the last mouthful when he was back in his study again.

Marx was a loving and gentle father. He used to spend hours playing with his children. They remember to this day sea-fights in a large basin of water with many paper boats, which he made for them and which he would then set on fire to their great joy. On Sundays the girls would not allow him to work; he was theirs for the whole day .When the weather was fine, the whole family would go for a country walk .Marx would shorten the miles for his children by telling them stories without end-Fantastic tales(怪誕的傳說)which he made up as he went along, so that the little ones forgot their fatigue(疲勞).

6.When was the writer of this passage born?

A.In 1941. B.In 1889. C.In 1841. D.The writer didn't tell us

7.Which is right?

A.Marx could read in all the European languages.

B.Marx could write in all the European languages.

C.Marx could only write in Russian, French and English.

D.Marx thought it necessary to learn foreign languages.

8.Why did Marx often forget his meals? Because .

A.he never stopped for a rest once he started working

B.he would sleep one or two hours during the day

C.others forgot to call him when it was time for meals

D.he had drunk a cup of coffee before he went to his study

9.Marx was a loving and gentle father, and he .

A.often watched sea-fights by the sea together with his children

B.used to spend Saturdays with his children

C.went for a walk with his family outside the city or town when the weather was fine

D.taught his children foreign languages

10.From this passage we can know that .

A.Marx's children cam still remember the game their father played with them.

B.he studied Russia in his early life

C.he had meals in his study in order to make full use of time

D.he told stories that he read in the story books during their walk

Ⅲ.單詞拼寫

1.One word can have several m (意思).

2.Time is l (有限的);we should run quickly to catch the bus.

3.China is our n (出生地的)land.

4.He felt e (鼓舞)by the progress he had made.

5.With no rains for the last three years, the country is in a bad s (狀況).

6.He is dead, but his s (精神)lives on.

7.Did you go to u (大學(xué)).

8.Our little boy's just starting to talk;he's got a v (詞匯量)of ten

words.

9.P (農(nóng)民)are persons who work on the land.

10.He has never m 　　 (掌握)the art of public speaking.

Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)

Marx moved to London in 1849 and his wife Jenny 1.　　　　　　

and their 7 children.They had very few money.For 2.　　　　　

six years they lived two small rooms ,often eating 3.　　　　　

only bread and potatoes.Several of their child 4.　　　　　

was died.However,Engels,Marx's closest friend continued 5.　　　　　

to support the family with money.Befort he arrived 6.　　　　　

in England,Marx worked hardly to improve his English. 7.　　　　　

In 1851 he started writing articles about a newspaper 8.　　　　　

in the United States.In 1862 Marx had written 9.　　　　　

about 500 articles on politics and social problems 10.　　　　　

all over the world.

Ⅴ.書面表達(dá)

請用英文簡要地寫出"鄭人買履"的故事，以刊登在我國對外發(fā)行的某英文刊物上。字不得少于 70 字，不得多于 140 字。

故事大意：某人自量腳往集市買鞋，忘帶尺度(measurement)，回家取，再來集市已散，人問："你何不以腳試鞋?"答："寧信尺度，不信自己的腳。"

答案：Ⅰ. 1～5 D D C C B 6～10 D B D C B 11～15 C B C C B 16～20 D D B A C Ⅱ. 1～5 D B D A C 6～10 C D B C A Ⅲ.1.meanings 2.limited 3.native 4.encouraged 5.situation 6.spirit 7.university 8.vocabulary 9.Peasants 10.mastered Ⅳ.1.and→with 2.few→little 3.live→live in

4.child→children 5.去掉 was 6.Before→After 7.hardly→hard 8.about→for 9.In→By 10.對 Ⅴ.

Once in the nation of Zheng there was a man who wanted to buy himself a pair of shoes.He took the measurement of his own feet with a piece of string.Then he went to the market.He was looking at some shoes at the shoe-maker's when he realized he had left the measurement at home.He put down the shoes and rushed home to fetch it .By the time he returned,the market had dismissed.So he failed to get his shoes.Somebody asked him,"Why didn't you just try the shoe on your feet?"He answered,"I trust the measurement I took rather than my feet."