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人教版過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的用法

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-3-11 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

教案

沛縣張寨中學(xué) 高二英語組

Language studay

一.學(xué)法導(dǎo)引

1.掌握單詞shelter,decorate,reasonable,rent等的用法。

2.掌握短語keep out的用法。

3.掌握過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的用法。

二.重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)聚焦

1.shelter

(1).n.遮蓋物,遮風(fēng)擋雨的地方(UN).保護(hù),住宿(UN)

Trees are a shelter from the sun.

樹可遮蔽太陽。

We gave the old man shelter for the night.

我們給老人提供過夜之處。

Most of our money goes for food and shelter.

我們大多數(shù)的錢都花在吃和住上了。

(2).take shelter 躲避風(fēng)雨等

While the fighting went on in the street,we took shelter in a shop.

街上打架還在繼續(xù),我們?cè)诘昀锒惚堋?/p>

The rain was quite heavy and we took shelter in a doorway.

雨很大我們?cè)陂T口躲雨。

(3).vt./vi.受到保護(hù)(不受淋雨等);躲(雨)

We must shelter from the rain or we’ll get wet through.

我們必須躲雨否則我們會(huì)渾身淋透。

Here’s a tree that we can shelter under.

這兒有一棵我們可以躲雨的樹。

2.decorate

(1).vt.裝飾;授予勛章、獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌?/p>

We decorated the Christmas tree.

我們對(duì)圣誕樹進(jìn)行了裝飾。

I have a passion for decorating houses.

我們熱衷于裝飾房子。

The soldiers was decorated for bravery.

這些戰(zhàn)士因勇敢而被授予勛章。

(2).n.decoration 獎(jiǎng)?wù)、勛章?/p>

(3).adj.decorative 有裝飾性的、做裝飾用的

3.keep out 擋住,使不進(jìn)去/不近來

The coat can keep the cold out.

這外套御寒。

He shut the door to keep the dog out.

他們把門關(guān)了不讓狗近來。

keep out of 不牽涉進(jìn)去,不要惹事

I keep out of his troubles.

我不牽涉進(jìn)他的麻煩中去。

keep off (使)避開

Please keep off that subject.

請(qǐng)別談著話題。

4.rent

(1).vt.租房子,出租(房屋、土地等)

We rent a house from Mr.Smith.

我們向Smith先生租了一間房子。

I’ll rent it to you for 15 dollars a month.

我將以每月15美元把它租給你。

(2).n.房租,地租(UN)

How much rent do you pay for your house?

你房子付多少房租。

I have to pay my rent tomorrow.

我明天得付房租。

(3). free of rent免付租金

5.reasonable adj.

(1).合理的,公平的,公道的

My rent is reasonable.

我是租金是合理的。

Those are reasonable demands.

那些是合理的要求。

(2).講道理的

A reasonable person is one who will listen to advice.

一個(gè)講道理的人是會(huì)傾聽意見的。

(3).合乎情理的

You’re not reasonable if you expect a child to do that.

假如你指望一個(gè)孩子那樣做,你是不合情理的。

6.A is to B what C is to D.

這是個(gè)固定句式,表示“A對(duì)于B就象是C對(duì)于D”。

A rive is to a fish what a house is to a man.

河對(duì)于魚來說就象房子對(duì)于人。

A net is to a fishman what a gun is to a hunter.

網(wǎng)對(duì)于漁夫就象槍對(duì)于獵人。

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.

讀書對(duì)于思想就象運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于身體。

這一句型中的what可以用as代替。

三.語法詮釋

A.難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)

一、作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞與賓語之間的關(guān)系

1. 及物動(dòng)詞(短語)的過去分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語即是過去分詞的邏輯賓語,賓語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如:

I want the letter posted.

我想把這封信寄出去。

2. 少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞如 go, change, fall 等的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),僅表示動(dòng)作完成。因此,賓語與過去分詞之間不存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如:

She found her necklace gone on her way home.

在回家的路上,她發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見了。

3. 動(dòng)詞 seat, hide, dress 等的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般表示狀語而不表示被動(dòng)的意義,因此,雖然賓語與它們存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,但也只能用它們的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.

我進(jìn)來時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

二、需用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況

1. 表示“意欲;命令”的動(dòng)詞如 like, want, wish, order 等,可用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

The father wants his daughter taught the piano.

這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。

2. 感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后,可用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.

剛才我看到一位老人被車撞倒了。

3. 使役動(dòng)詞 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后,可用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

Have you got your films developed?

你拿膠卷去沖洗了沒有?

4. “ with +賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞 with 的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如:

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式)

With water heated, we can see the steam.

水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。(表?xiàng)l件)

With the matter settled, we all went home.

事情得到解決,我們都回家了。(表原因)

注意:在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)賓語為某一身體部位,且作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),身體部位通常是過去分詞的邏輯賓語,因而過去分詞不可換用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如:

She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.

她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他。

( fix one's eyes on 為固定短語,因此,不可將句中 fixed 換為 fixing )

He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.

他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。

當(dāng)用某些不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補(bǔ)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。例如:

She felt her heart beating fast.

她覺得心跳很快。

( beat 意為“心跳”,是不及物動(dòng)詞)

三、掌握“使役動(dòng)詞 have + 賓語+過去分詞”的幾種含義

在“ have +賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, have 也可用 get 。這一結(jié)構(gòu)具有以下幾種含義:

1. 意為“主語請(qǐng)別人做某事”。例如:

He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.

他明天想去檢查眼睛。(“檢查”的動(dòng)作由醫(yī)生來進(jìn)行)

2. 意為“主語遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測(cè)的事情”。例如:

Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt.

當(dāng)心,否則會(huì)弄傷手的。

3. 意為“使完成某事”,事情既可以是別人做完,也可以由主語參與完成。例如:

He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墻漆了。

(主語自己可能參與)

B.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

區(qū)分過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

一般說來,過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者;現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。試比較:

I found him lying on the grass just now.

我剛才發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在草坪上。

I found him knocked down by a car.

我看到他被車撞了。

學(xué)案

重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)聚焦

1.1.shelter

(1).n.遮蓋物,遮風(fēng)擋雨的地方(UN).保護(hù),住宿(UN)

樹可遮蔽太陽。

Trees are a shelter from the sun.

我們給老人提供過夜之處。

_________________________________________________________________

我們大多數(shù)的錢都花在吃和住上了

Most of our money goes for food and shelter.

街上打架還在繼續(xù),我們?cè)诘昀锒惚堋?/p>

_________________________________________________________________

The rain was quite heavy and we took shelter in a doorway.

雨很大我們?cè)陂T口躲雨。

(3).vt./vi.受到保護(hù)(不受淋雨等);躲(雨)

We must shelter from the rain or we’ll get wet through.

我們必須躲雨否則我們會(huì)渾身淋透。

這兒有一棵我們可以躲雨的樹。

_________________________________________________________________

2.decorate

(1).vt.裝飾;授予勛章、獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌?/p>

We decorated the Christmas tree.

我們對(duì)圣誕樹進(jìn)行了裝飾。

我們熱衷于裝飾房子。

_________________________________________________________________

The soldiers was decorated for bravery.

這些戰(zhàn)士因勇敢而被授予勛章。

(2).n.decoration 獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆渍碌?/p>

(3).adj.decorative 有裝飾性的、做裝飾用的

3.keep out 擋住,使不進(jìn)去/不近來

The coat can keep the cold out.

這外套御寒。

他們把門關(guān)了不讓狗近來。

_________________________________________________________________

keep out of 不牽涉進(jìn)去,不要惹事

我不牽涉進(jìn)他的麻煩中去。

_________________________________________________________________

keep off (使)避開

Please keep off that subject.

請(qǐng)別談著話題。

4.rent

(1).vt.租房子,出租(房屋、土地等)

We rent a house from Mr.Smith.

我們向Smith先生租了一間房子。

我將以每月15美元把它租給你。

_________________________________________________________________

(2).n.房租,地租(UN)

How much rent do you pay for your house?

你房子付多少房租。

I have to pay my rent tomorrow.

我明天得付房租。

(3). free of rent免付租金

5.reasonable adj.

(1).合理的,公平的,公道的

My rent is reasonable.

我是租金是合理的。

那些是合理的要求。

_________________________________________________________________

(2).講道理的

一個(gè)講道理的人是會(huì)傾聽意見的。

_________________________________________________________________

(3).合乎情理的

You’re not reasonable if you expect a child to do that.

假如你指望一個(gè)孩子那樣做,你是不合情理的。

6.A is to B what C is to D.

這是個(gè)固定句式,表示“A對(duì)于B就象是C對(duì)于D”。

A rive is to a fish what a house is to a man.

河對(duì)于魚來說就象房子對(duì)于人。

網(wǎng)對(duì)于漁夫就象槍對(duì)于獵人。

_________________________________________________________________

讀書對(duì)于思想就象運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于身體。

_________________________________________________________________

這一句型中的what可以用as代替。

語法詮釋

A.難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)

一、作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞與賓語之間的關(guān)系

1. 及物動(dòng)詞(短語)的過去分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語即是過去分詞的_______________,賓語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的_______________關(guān)系。例如:

我想把這封信寄出去。

__________________________________________________

2. 少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞如 go, change, fall 等的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),_____________________________。因此,賓語與過去分詞之間不存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如:

在回家的路上,她發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見了。

_____________________________________________________________

3. 動(dòng)詞 seat, hide, dress 等的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般________,因此,雖然賓語與它們存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,但也只能用它們的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

我進(jìn)來時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

_________________________________________________________________

二、需用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況

1. 表示“意欲;命令”的動(dòng)詞如 like, want, wish, order 等,可用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。

_________________________________________________________________

2. 感官動(dòng)詞 _______________________________________________ 等后,可用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

剛才我看到一位老人被車撞倒了。

_____________________________________________________________

3. 使役動(dòng)詞_________________________________________________等后,可用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

你拿膠卷去沖洗了沒有?

_____________________________________________________________

4. “ with +賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞 with 的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如:

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后。( )

With water heated, we can see the steam.

水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。( )

With the matter settled, we all went home.

事情得到解決,我們都回家了。( )

注意:在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)賓語為某一身體部位,且作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),身體部位通常是過去分詞的邏輯賓語,因而過去分詞不可換用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如:

She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.

她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他。

( fix one's eyes on 為固定短語,因此,不可將句中 fixed 換為 fixing )

He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.

他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。

當(dāng)用某些不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補(bǔ)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。例如:

She felt her heart beating fast.

她覺得心跳很快。

( beat 意為“心跳”,是不及物動(dòng)詞)

三、掌握“使役動(dòng)詞 have + 賓語+過去分詞”的幾種含義

在“ have +賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, have 也可用 get 。這一結(jié)構(gòu)具有以下幾種含義:

1. 意為“主語請(qǐng)別人做某事”。例如:

他明天想去檢查眼睛。(“檢查”的動(dòng)作由醫(yī)生來進(jìn)行)

_____________________________________________________________

2. 意為“主語遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測(cè)的事情”。例如:

當(dāng)心,否則會(huì)弄傷手的。

_____________________________________________________________

3. 意為“使完成某事”,事情既可以是別人做完,也可以由主語參與完成。例如:

他今早把墻漆了。_____________________________________________

(主語自己可能參與)

B.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

區(qū)分過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

一般說來,過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語是動(dòng)作的________;現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語是動(dòng)作的________。試比較:

我剛才發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在草坪上。

_____________________________________________________________

我發(fā)現(xiàn)他被車撞了。

不定式作賓補(bǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生動(dòng)作這一事實(shí),也表明動(dòng)作已結(jié)束。(動(dòng)作全過程)I saw him come downstairs.

并列動(dòng)作作作賓補(bǔ)且有動(dòng)作先后順序時(shí)需用不定式。

I saw him come in and sit down.

課堂跟蹤反饋

1.---Did you see a red car ____ in front of our shop?

---Red one? It left just a moment ago.

A.park B.parking C.parked D.to park

2.---You shirt wants_____,Jack.

---Yes,it does.I am going to have it_____tomorrow.

A.to wash;washing B.to wash;washed

C.washing;washing D.washing;washed

3.The teacher could not make himself_____attention to because the students were so noisy.

A.to pay B.to be paid C.pay D.paid

4.Mr Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had_____was nowhere to be seen.

A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired

5.I found Jane_____at the desk,_____her homework carefully.

A.seated;doing B.sitting;do C.sat;does D.taking her seat;doing

6.When awoke,he found himself_____by an old woman.

A.looked after B.looking after

C.being looked after D.be looking after

7.-You look very tired,Linda.

--That’s because my parents_____the piano all the morning.

A.make me playing B.kept me from playing

C.had me playing D.got me play

8.I am sorry,I have left some of your questions______.

A.to unanswer B.unanswered C.unanswer D.unanswered

9.I wanted my watch_____,but my wife would rather have it____.

A.repaired;thrown B.repairing;thrown

C.repaired;throwning D.repairing;throwning

10.Keep your mouth_____and your eyes_____.

A.shut;open B.shutting;open C.shut;opened D.shutting;opened

11.兩天之內(nèi)把工作做好。

12.他住在一間木制的房子里。

13.從商店出來時(shí)他聽到有人叫他的名字。

14.他出去時(shí)門未鎖。

15.他醒來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)世界全變了。

16.The shop owner will get all these ordered TV sets______(deliver) to the customers today.

17.The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself_____(hear)

18.The boy would like______(take) to the theater tonight.

19.The first tsxtbooks_____(wtite) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

20.Rather than_____(ride)on a crowded bus,he always prefers_____(ride) a bicycle.

key:

1-10 : C D D C A C C B A A

11、Get the work done within two days.

12、He lived in a house made of wood.

13、Coming out of the shop he heard his name called.

14、He left the door unlocked when he went out.

15、He found the word completely chenged when he woke up.

16.delivered

17.heard

18.to be taken

19.written

20.ride riding