第十六單元

(一)應(yīng)復(fù)習(xí)的教材內(nèi)容：SB 1B Unit 16 SB 2B Unit 11 Unit 12

(二)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

1. 詞匯

SB 1B Unit 16

conduct

1)A guide conducted the visitors around the museum.

2)How did the prisoner conduct himself?

3)Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.

4) It’s very proud to conduct an orchestra.

5)He conducted his business/the meeting very successfully.

6)There was growing criticism of the Government’s conduct of the war.

fix

1)Would you please fix the shelf to the wall/the post in the ground?

2)I’ll fix the man’s name in my mind.

3)Her eyes were fixed on the gun.

4)The child is fixing his attention on what you are doing.

5)We will fix the rent at 100 dollars a week.

6)My watch has stopped-it needs fixing(to be fixed).

7)They have fixed on Jack as the new chairman.

8)Have you fixed a date for the wedding?

9)He fixed up the shed before they moved in.

charge

1) How much do you charge for a double room?

2) This shop doesn’t charge for delivery.

3) He was charged for stealing the jewels.

4) If the red light comes on, it means the battery is charging/getting charged.

5) He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.

6) The company is now in the charge of Mr. Smith.

prove

1) The soldiers have proved their courage in battle.

2) Can you prove where you were last night?

3) Look at these documents. They will prove that we are telling the truth.

4) The book was proved to be very useful.

5) We proved him (to be) wrong.

6) The plan proved( to be) a great success.

7) The dictionary will prove of little use to you.

in one’s opinion make use of

a kite made of silk add…to

tie/fasten…to stop the kite from flying away

be in tears end in a tie

go against your view in your own words

a waste of money be bad for

make much noise make many important discoveries

do/conduct/make/carry out an experiment protect…from

conduct electricity pick out the correct answers

have something in mind keep the law

have a right to do something fight for/against

a great deal of allow sb to do sth

test…on a large amount of money

SB 2B Unit 11

arrange

1) He is arranging the books on the shelves.

2) She arranged all her business affairs before going abroad.

3) We will arrange a big dinner for our anniversary.

4) Her marriage was arranged by her parents.

5) I’ve arranged a car to meet you at the airport.

6) I’ll arrange to be in when you call.

7) I’ve arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cats while we are away on holiday.

8) I arranged with my parents that we could borrow their car.

9) He arranged many traditional songs for the piano.

10) Can I leave the arrangement of the tables to you?

11) He flower arrangements won the first prize.

12) Please make your own arrangements for accommodation.

13) I’ll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport.

14) Appointments can be made by arrangement with my secretary.

impress

1) The girl impressed her fiance’s family with her liveliness and sense of humour.

2) He words impressed themselves on my memory.

3) My father impressed on me the value of hard work.

4) They made the words “Made in China” on a metyal plate.

5) They made a metal plate with the word “Made in China”.

6) What impressed me most was the beauty of the city and its friendly peolple.

7) His first speech as president made a strong impression on his audience.

8) I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.

9) He gave the impression of being a hard-working student.

10) His collection of paintings is most impressive.]

locate

1) They decided to locate their new office in Hong Kong.

2) We located the island on the map.

3) I’m trying to locate Mr. Handson. Do you know where he is?

4) The company has located on the West Coast.

5) A new factory is to be located on this site.

6) Our school is located at a distance from the town.

7) You are responsible for the location of the missing yacht.

8) They are looking for a suitable location for their new house.

announce

1) He phoned me to announce his decision.

2) The government announced its new economic policies.

3) It has been announced that he will resign next week.

4) He announced that he had been engaged to Mary.

5) Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.

6) A warm sunshine announce the coming of spring.

7) Would you announce the guests as they come in?

8) The announcement of the royal birth was broadcast to the nation.

9) Attention, please, everyone. I have an announcement to make.

set foot in/on come to life

put forward aim at

a special economic zone in the late/early 1990s

the hi-tech industry a private research and development institute share the spirit of creativity grasp the opportunity

see more of the world get a master’s agree

leave one’s job run a company

the Chinese computer giants pioneering work

no accident rely on

make many breakthroughs a manned space flight

to name a few give rise to

SB 2B Unit 12

apply

1)The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.

2)You should apply immediately, in person or by letter.

3)You had better apply to the teacher for permission to leave

4)You need to apply for a visa before you go abroad.

5)For particulars, apply to the information desk.

6)Farmers know to apply fertilizer to the paddy field at the right time.

7)He applied a match to the alcohol lamp 用火柴點(diǎn)酒精燈

8)He was not a little interested in applied mathematics.

companion

1)They were all my companions on the journey.

2)The cat is my happy companion.

3)How I miss my companions in arms!

4)Those three old men were companions in misfortune twenty years ago.

5)They’re basketball-playing companions.

6)Jack is not much of a companion of John.

7)Here’s the glove for my left hand, but where’s the companion?

比較：company

I’m glad of your company.

I enjoyed his company.

labour

1)He has been labouring on the homework the whole morning.

2)He laboured to finish the job on time.

3) The old lady ~ed up the hill.

4)The ship laboured through the rough sea.

5)The workers were well paid for their ~.

6)With great labour the workers made a success.

7)His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.

8)It is labour to read the Bible through.

hesitate

1)She replied without hesitating.

2)He’s still hesitating about/over joining the army.

3)She hesitated before picking up the phone.

4)I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.

make a living set out

in public throw light upon/on

cut up in the collision that follows

develop one’s love for in one’s efforts to do sth

give a view of sth wonder about sth

enter the search for wisdom act on bodies at a distance

take sb aboard take sb on a voyage

applied science go on an adventure

take …one step further lay the foundation of

with ever increasing speed keep sb as a prisoner

layers of light the flame of life

under certain conditions as follows

2.句型結(jié)構(gòu)

SB 1B Unit 16

1) Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on.

2) Don’t pull the cloth so hard. It tears easily.

3) There’s no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiment are very well taken care of.

4) What should you do with animal testing in the future?

5) Scientist say that if a medicine works with animals; there is very high chance that it also works with people.

6)Animals have the same rights as human beings.

7) Science is of great help help in developing the economy.

SB 2B Unit 11

8) Which one do you think is the most significant?

9) What is it that makes a scientific achievement important?

10) Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.

11) One of the mottos in the park―Rely on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power―makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future.

12) The center itself got started in the early 1980s, when Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Science, opened a private research and development institute.

13) As YuFang puts it, “We are not making that much money yet, but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguancun.”

14) Since the early 1990s, China has been enjoying a boom in scientific and technological development.

15) …, proving that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best.

SB 2B Unit 12

16) Electricity is used for light, heatoing, power and to defend the ship against attacks.

17) Bying taking the scientific developments of his day one step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction.

18) At the beginning of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, one of his most famous novels, ships are disappearing all over the world and it is believed to be caused by a sea monster.

19) In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine.

20) He also suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were considered impossible in his own time.

21) They found themselves surrounded by colourful rocks, fishes, seashells and plants, all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters.

3.語法: 構(gòu)詞法(Word Formation)

按照語言一定的規(guī)律創(chuàng)造新詞的方法，稱之為構(gòu)詞法（word-formation or word-bulding）。英語構(gòu)詞法主要有以下幾種：

(1)轉(zhuǎn)化法（conversion）

不添加任何成分，不改變?cè)~型，把一個(gè)單詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類的方法。（名詞－動(dòng)詞，形容詞－動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞－名詞，形容詞－名詞，副詞－名詞）

　 button(紐扣) --to button (扣紐扣)　　　 名詞－動(dòng)詞(n-v)

　 correct(正確的) -- to correct(改正)　　 形容詞－動(dòng)詞(adj-v)

　 to feed (喂)--feed(一頓，一餐)　　　　　 動(dòng)詞－名詞(v-n)

　 native(本地的)--native(本地人)　　 　　　形容詞－名詞(adj-n)

　 up(在上)--to up(舉起，抬高)　　　　　　　副詞－名詞（adv-v）

(2)合成法(composition)

　 把兩個(gè)或以上的詞組成一個(gè)新詞叫合成法。

　 合成名詞　　　　notebook(筆記本) 　　 classroom�。ń淌遥�

　 合成形容詞 　　life-long（終生的） wide-open（張大的，展開的）

　 合成動(dòng)詞 　　　underline （在下面劃線）　whitewash（粉刷）

(3)縮略法 (shorting)

把一個(gè)詞縮短，不增減意義，也不改變意義。

略去后部，保留前部

　　approx(approximately 大約) exam(examination 考試)

Fri（friday 星期五）

略去前部，保留后部

　　plane (aeroplane 飛機(jī))　　phone(telephone 電話)

略去兩頭，保留中部

　　flu(influenza　流感)　　 tec(detective偵探)

略去中部，

保留兩頭字母: ft(foot,feet英尺)　　 St(Saint圣)　　hr(hour小時(shí))

保留某些字母，加以合并: Ltd(limited 有限的) gove(government 政府)

保留開頭一個(gè)字母:

　　P(page 頁)　U.N(United States 聯(lián)合國)

VOA(Voice of America 美國之音)

　　NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Orgniazation 北大西洋公約組織，北約)

(4)綴合法　(affixation)

　　由詞根附加前綴后綴構(gòu)成新詞的方法。由綴合法產(chǎn)生的新詞稱之為派生詞（derivations）。綴合法產(chǎn)生的詞匯是英語詞匯的主體。

　加前綴　re + unite-->renuite(再聯(lián)合)　dis + honest-->dishonest(不誠實(shí)的)

　加后綴　tract + or -->tractor(拖拉機(jī))　flu + ent-->fluent (流利的)

　加前后綴　un + friend + ly--> unfriendly（不友好的）

pro + gress +ive-->progressive(進(jìn)步的)

常見前后綴

(1)前綴

表示否定意義的前綴

1)純否定前綴

dis- dishonest, dislike

in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular

ne-, n-, none, neither, never

non-, noesense

neg-, neglect

un- unable, unemployment

2)表示錯(cuò)誤的意義

mis-, mistake, mislead

3)表示反動(dòng)作的意思

de-, defend, demodulation(解調(diào))

dis-, disarm, disconnect

un-, unload, uncover

4)表示相反，相互對(duì)立意思

anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的)

ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy

with-, withdraw, withstand

表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴:

1)a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”aboard, aside,

2)circum-, circu-, 表示“周圍，環(huán)繞，回轉(zhuǎn)”circumstance, circuit

3)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外”exit, eclipse, expand, export

4)extra-, 表示“額外”extraction （提�。�

5)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground

6)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，背于”inland, invade, inside, import

7)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……間，相互”international, interaction, internet

8)intro-, 表示“向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，內(nèi)側(cè)”introduce, introduce

9)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中間”Mediterranean, midposition

10)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline, outside, outward

11)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook, overhead, overboard

12)post-, 表示"向后，在后邊，次”postscript(附言)，

13)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition

14)pro-, 表示“在前，向前”progress, proceed,

15)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement

16)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure

17)trans-, 表示“移上，轉(zhuǎn)上，在那一邊”translate, transform, transoceanic

18)under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的”underline, underground, underwater

19)up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)

表示時(shí)間，序列關(guān)系的前綴:

1)ex-, 表示“先，故，舊”expresident, exhusband

2)fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面”foreward, dorecast, foretell(預(yù)言)

3)mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中間”midnight, midsummer

4)post-"表示“在后，后”postwar,

5)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，事先，預(yù)先”

（2）后綴(Suffixes)

-able. a. acceptable 可接受的，readable 可讀(認(rèn))的，adaptable 可適應(yīng)的

-age. n. shortage 缺乏，短缺，reportage 報(bào)告文學(xué)，parentage 出身，門第

-al. n. refusal 拒絕，proposal 建議，approval 認(rèn)可，criminal 犯罪分子，rival 競爭者，arrival 到達(dá)者

-al. a. colonial 殖民的，natural 自然的，political 政治的

-ee. n.，testee 考生，被測(cè)驗(yàn)者，trainee 運(yùn)動(dòng)員，受訓(xùn)練的人，payee 受款人

-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier. n. fighter 戰(zhàn)士，戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)，radar 雷達(dá)，pioneer 先鋒隊(duì)員

-ic/ical. a. scenic 風(fēng)景的，geometric 幾何的，geographical 地理的

-ess/ine. n. actress 女演員，heroine 女英雄，mayoress 女市長

-ful. a. handful 一把，一撮，mouthful 一口，cupful 一滿杯

-fy. v. intensify 強(qiáng)化，加強(qiáng)，purify 凈化，clarify 澄清

-hood. n. childhood 兒童期，brotherhood 手足之情，bachelorhood 獨(dú)身生活

-ile. a. hostile 敵意的，fragile 易碎的，versatile 多才多藝的

-ility. n. feasibility 可行的，servility 奴性，卑屈，mobility 易動(dòng)的

-ing. a. disturbing 令人不安的，surprising 令人吃驚的，encouraging 振奮人心的

-ion/ation. n. indication 指示，relaxation 放松，perfection 完美無缺

-ish. a. childish 幼稚的，bookish 書生氣的，devilish 魔鬼似的

-ism. n. capitalism 資本主義，adventurism 冒險(xiǎn)主義，opportunism 機(jī)會(huì)主義

-ist. n. romanticist 浪漫主義作家，economist 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，nationalist 民族主義者

-istic. a. realistic 現(xiàn)實(shí)的，artistic 藝術(shù)的，humanistic 人道的

-ive. a. instructive 有教育意義的，offensive 進(jìn)攻性的，constructive 建設(shè)性的

-ize. v. realize 實(shí)現(xiàn)，organize 組織，popularize 普及，推廣，finalize 使...了結(jié)，economize 節(jié)省，節(jié)約，industrialize 工業(yè)化

-less. a. jobless 失業(yè)的，tireless 不倦的，countless 數(shù)不清的

-let. n. booklet 小冊(cè)子，townlet 小鎮(zhèn)，houselet 小房子

-like. a. childlike 孩子般的，warlike 好戰(zhàn)的, businesslike事務(wù)式的有條理的

-logy/-ology. n. sociology 社會(huì)學(xué)，ecology 生態(tài)學(xué)，methodology 方法論

-ment. n. improvement 改良，進(jìn)步，government 政府，disappointment 失望

-ness. n. eagerness 渴望，carelessness 粗心，emptiness 空洞，空虛

-ous/-ious. a. famous著名的,advantageous有優(yōu)勢(shì)的,有利的,mysterious神秘的

-ship. n. friendship 友誼，partnership 合作伙伴，fellowship 交情，伙伴關(guān)系

-some. a. burdensome累贅的,沉重的,troublesome麻煩的，laboursome費(fèi)力的

-ty. n. security 保險(xiǎn)，safety 安全，loyalty 忠誠

-ure. n. culture 培養(yǎng)，failure 失敗，closure 圈地

-y. a. clumsy 笨拙的，tricky 狡猾的，hairy 毛茸茸的

(5)變音法

　　這是一種次要的構(gòu)詞法。如改變?cè)�音（full滿的－>to fill充滿），改變輔音（to live生活－>life生命），轉(zhuǎn)移重音(＇present禮物－>to pre＇sent贈(zèng)送) 等。

(三) 補(bǔ)充練習(xí)

I. 短語填空

1.Don’t pay much attention to what he said.I know his words ____you.

2.No sooner had he ________ to do his job than he was informed of the accident.

3.He was very silent with his parents, but when he was staying with his classmates, he _______.

4.________ him is not pratical. A decision made by yourself is quite necessary.

5.The view that education is the key to the future ________ many times since that time.

6.She was appearing _________ for the first time since her illness, so she didn’t seem to be very healthy and energetic.

7.The young dancers looked so beautiful,so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _________ pictures of them.

8.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us _________ in making the earth a better place to live.

9.The medical team ____________ two doctors and three nurses.

10.It was raining heavily and little Mary felt cold, so she stood ______ her mother.

II. 翻譯下列句子

1.別把你的馬栓到那小樹上, 那樣對(duì)小樹不利.

_________________________________________________________________

2. 當(dāng)雷雨看起來要來時(shí)放風(fēng)箏.

_________________________________________________________________

3. 英國法律規(guī)定每一種新藥必須至少在兩種不同的動(dòng)物身上實(shí)驗(yàn).

_________________________________________________________________

4.你應(yīng)該立刻申請(qǐng)這份工作, 寫信也行, 親自去也可.

_________________________________________________________________

5.你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真的聽我說， 我的話不是針對(duì)你的。

_________________________________________________________________

6.在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間, 我喜歡整理書架上的書.

_________________________________________________________________

7.我原以為,自那以后就不可能再見到你了。

_________________________________________________________________8.他昨天一早出發(fā)了，在航海時(shí)遇到了暴風(fēng)雨.

_________________________________________________________________

（四）練習(xí)與測(cè)試

I. 單項(xiàng)填空

1.That Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon is one small step for ________, one giant leap for _________.

A.a man, mankind B.man, a man C.a mankind, man D.a man, a mankind

2. ________ is the fundamental law of a country, although ,in some countries like Britain, there is an unwritten one.

A. Constitute B. Institute C. Institution D. Constitution

3.Who knows what the future has _________ for us.

A. in common B. in private C. in turn D. in store

4.The municipality is divided into ten _________ and nine counties.

A. zones B. districts C. regions D. areas

5.It was not rare in _______ that people in ________ are going to university for further education.

A. 1990, fifty B. the 1990s, the fifties

C. the 1990s, their fifties D. 1990s, fifties

6.A teacher should give _________ attention to each student in his class, whether they attend a public school or a private school.

A. individual B. private C. personal D. oneself

7.The weather during the holiday was _______ perfect, or rather, ______ perfect in the past two weeks.

A. /, / B. very, most C. very, the most D. /, more

8.You can _______ to keep your secret.

A. rely on B. rely me on C. rely on me D. rely me

9.In politics, Britain has preferred __________ to revolution.

A. development B. evolution C. announcement D. breakthrough

10.The policemen have ________ that he is a robber.

A. made clear B. made it sure C. made it possible D. made it clear

11.Everything ________ has now been achieved.

A. aim at B. aiming at C. aimed at D. to aim at

12.As Bacon, the great British philosopher, _________, “Knowledge is power.”

A. put it B. said it C. put D. marked

13.The discussion __________ after the teacher left the classroom.

A. come to life B. brought to life C. came to life D. came to its life

14.After I give up work I shall take a long sea ______.

A. journey B. trip C. voyage D. travel

15.They went _____ the ship just before it started to leave.

A. aboard B. board C. aboard on B. board on

16.Unlike most young women _____ her day, she was able to meet other well-educated people on different occasions.

A. of B. on C. for D. in

17.___ in diving suits, they walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship.

A. Dressing B. Dressed C. To dress D. Being dressed

18.Go through the article quickly, and you _____ the general idea.

A. made a sketch of B. will make a sketch of

C. making a sketch of D. will have a sketch of

19. Do you think there’ll be a time _____ we can _____ all diseases?

A. that, defeat B. when, hit C. when, beat D. that, strike

20. In the old society, the old man _____ playing the Erhu.

A. made a living by B. made a life by

C. made a living with D. made lives by

II.完形填空

The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out. - Thomas Macaulay

Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs. Nanette O’Neill gave an arithmetic __1__ to our class. When the papers were __2__ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.

There is nothing really new about __3__ in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs. O’Neill __4__ even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to __5__ after class. I was one of the twelve.

Mrs. O’Neill asked __6_ questions, and she didn’t __7__ us, either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the __8__ words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to __9__ these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.

I don’t __10__ about the other eleven boys. Speaking for myself I can say: it was the most important single __11__ of my life. Thirty years after being introduced __12__ Macaulay’s words, they __13__ seem to me the best yardstick (準(zhǔn)繩) , because they give us a __14__ to measure ourselves rather than others.

Few of us are asked to make __15__ decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called __16__ daily to make a great many personal decisions. Should the wallet, found in street, be put into a pocket __17__ turned over to the policeman? Should the __18__ change received at the store be forgotten or __19__? Nobody will know except you. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always __20__ to live with someone you respect.

1．A．test B．problem C．paper D．lesson

2．A．examined B．completed C．marked D．a(chǎn)nswered

3．A． lying B．cheating C．guessing D．discussing

4．A．didn’t B．did C．would D．wouldn’t

5．A．come B．leave C．remain D．a(chǎn)pologize

6．A．no B．certain C．many D．more

7．A．excuse B．reject C．help D．scold

8．A．a(chǎn)bove B．common C．following D．unusual

9．A．repeat B．get C．put D．copy

10．A．worry B．know C．hear D．talk

11．A．chance B．incident C．lesson D．memory

12．A．for B．by C．with D．to

13．A．even B．still C．a(chǎn)lways D．a(chǎn)lmost

14．A．way B．sentence C．choice D．reason

15．A．quick B．wise C．great D．personal

16．A．out B．for C．up D．upon

17．A．a(chǎn)nd B．or C．then D．but

18．A．extra B．small C．different D．necessary

19．A．paid B．remembered C．shared D．returned

20．A．easier B．more natural C．better D．more peaceful

III. 閱讀理解

A

Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive（認(rèn)知的）areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.

　　People will be alert (警覺) and receptive (接受能力強(qiáng)的) if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

　　Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. "The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information," says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. "Most of us don't need that kind of skill. Such specific training is less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness." Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.

　　Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. "The point is, you need to do both," Cohen says, "Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size."

1. People who are cognitively healthy are that ____.

　　A. who can remember large amounts of information

　　B. who are highly intelligent

　　C. whose minds are alert and receptive

　　D. who are good at recognizing different sounds

2. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _____.

　 A. remain a theory to be further proved

　 B. have been challenged by many other experts

　 C. have been generally accepted

　 D. are practised by the researchers themselves

3. Older people are generally advised to _____.

　 A. keep fit by going in for physical activities

　 B. keep mentally active by challenging their brains

　 C. maintain mental alertness through specific training

　 D. maintain a balance between individual and group activities

4. What is the passage mainly about?

　 A. How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.

　 B. Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.

　 C. How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.

　 D. Why people should receive special mental training as they age.

B

Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves." he says.

　　"Resumes(簡歷) arrive with stains. Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate," Crossley concludes, "If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?"Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees," says Charles Garfielk, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the detail we're working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."

　　Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time," says Garfield. "But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary." Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.

　　Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a lucky break(機(jī)遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.

　5. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected ________.

　　A. because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume

　　B. because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume

　　C. because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications

　　D. because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves

　6. Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader?

　　A. Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked.

　　B. Don't forget details when drawing pictures

　　C. Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.

　　D. Careless applicants are not to be trusted.

　7. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that ____.

　　A. minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives

　　B. failure is the mother of success

　　C. adjustments are the key to the success completion of any work

　　D. keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked

　8. The best title for this passage would be ____.

　　A. Don't Be a Perfectionist 　　B. Importance of Adjustments

　　C. Details and Major Objectives D. Hard Work Plus Good luck

C

Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.

　　Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects.

I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my enthusiasm had led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research.

But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.

9. The first paragraph tells us the author ________.

　　A. was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood

　　B. lost his hearing when he was a child

　　C. didn't like his brothers and sisters

　　D. was born to a naturalist's family

10. The author can't remember his relatives clearly because _______.

　　A. he didn't live very long with them

　　B. the family was extremely large

　　C. he was too young when he lived with them

　　D. he was fully occupied with observing nature

11. It can be inferred from the passage that the author was ________.

　　A. a scientist as well as a naturalist. B. not a naturalist but a scientist

　　C. no more than a born naturalist D. first of all a scientist

12. According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be _______.

　　A. full of ambition 　　　　　B. knowledgeable

　　C. full of enthusiasm 　　　 D. self-disciplined

D

America is a country on the move. In unheard of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularly-up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 year ago. Even non-exercises believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active.

It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣傳) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding-and sometimes safer-forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise.

　　As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (強(qiáng)有力地) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.

13. According to the passage, what was the percentage of American adults doing regular physical exercises two years ago?

　A. About 70%. 　B. Nearly 60%. C. Almost 50%.　D. More than 12%.

14. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase "leveled off" (Para.2. Line 6)?

　A. "Become very popular".

B. "Stopped being popular".

　C. "Reached its lowest level in popularity".

　D. "Stopped increasing in popularity".

15. It can be learnt from the passage that the health benefits of exercise _______.

　A. are yet to be proved B. are to be further studied

　C. are supported by scientific evidence D. are self-evident

16. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?

　A. Different Forms of Exercise

B. Exercise-The Road to Health

　C. Scientific Evidence of Health Benefits

D. Running-A Popular Form of Sport

E

If women are mercilessly exploited (剝削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe (衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

　　Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

　　When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.

17. Designers and big stores always make money ________ .

　A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry

　B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions

　C. by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing

　D. because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing

18. To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as ____.

　A. a waste of money B. a waste of time

　C. an expression of taste D. an expression of creativity

19. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

　A. New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.

B. The constant changes in women's clothing reflect their strength of character.

C. The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.

　D. Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.

20. By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious"(Para.4 ), the writer means that ________ .

　A. women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

　B. women are better able to put up with discomfort

　C. men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers

　D. men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

IV. 短文改錯(cuò)

Helen is a twenty-years-old girl. She never had a job 1._________

before. Now she wanted get a job. So she went to meet 2._________

Mr Black, the manager of the hotel. Mr Black told 3._________

her it was getting very busy in the hotel on the evenings. 4._________

He asked her if she was interesting in a part-time job. 5._________

The girl said that she did. Then Mr Black said she had 6._________

to work very faster and that she must be there at six 7._________

every afternoon and work from six to ten, Monday to 8._________

Friday. He offered her with 4.5 dollars an hour. Hellen 9._________

pleased with the offer and decided to start work the next day. 10._______

V. 書面表達(dá)

根據(jù)以下提示寫一篇說明文，詞數(shù)100左右。

南京汽車制造廠生產(chǎn)了一種適合中國國情的小汽車，產(chǎn)品介紹如下：

熊貓牌汽車，可乘坐5 人，能在各種路面和氣候下行駛，時(shí)速可達(dá)100公里。該車設(shè)計(jì)新穎，體積小，易于操縱，是普及性的新產(chǎn)品，價(jià)格僅25000元。

第十六單元

（三）補(bǔ)充練習(xí)

I.1. were not aimed at 2. set out 3. came to life 4. Relying on

5. has been put forward 6. in public 7. masses of 8. should play a role

9. is made up of 10. close to

II. 1. Don’t tie your horse to that young tree. That will do harm to it.

2.Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to coming on.

3.British law says that every new drug must be tested on at least two different kinds of animals.

4.You should apply for the job immediately,by letter or in person.

5.You should have listened to me carefully.My words were not aimed at you.

6.I like to arrange the books on the shelves in my spare time.

7.I had thought I would never be likely to see you again from then on.

8.He set out early yesterday, and met with a storm on the voyage.

（四）練習(xí)與測(cè)試

I.

1.A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D

11. C 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. A

II.

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5.C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C

11. B 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B

III.

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D

11. C 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. C 16.B 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D

IV.

Helen is a twenty-years-old girl. She never had a job 1. twenty-year-old

before. Now she wanted get a job. So she went to meet 2. to

Mr Black, the manager of the hotel. Mr Black told 3. a

her it was getting very busy in the hotel on the evenings. 4. in

He asked her if she was interesting in a part-time job. 5. interested

The girl said that she did. Then Mr Black said she had 6. was

to work very faster and that she must be there at six 7. fast

every afternoon and work from six to ten, Monday to 8.

Friday. He offered her with 4.5 dollars an hour. Helen 9. with

pleased with the offer and decided to start work the next day. 10 was

V. Possible version:

Nanjing Car Factory has produced a type of cars which is fit for the condition of China, and its brand is Panda. The car can hold five people, and it can go on all sorts of roads and all kinds of weather. It can go at a speed of 100 kilometers an hour. Its design is new and small in size, so it is easy to drive. Many people like it, and it will become popular in future. It is not only popular but also cheap. It costs only 25000 yuan.