Unit 7 課文重難點(diǎn)解析
1. People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex... (Reading)
transmit... by doing sth.表“通過……傳播疾病”。
People may transmit SARS by staying close to each other.
人們之間的密切接觸可能會(huì)傳播非典型性肺炎。
2. The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients suffer from. (Reading)
suffer from表示“患有某種疾病;為……所苦;受……的折磨”,尤其指長(zhǎng)期或習(xí)慣性地。如:
He suffers from several diseases at present.
目前他身患幾種疾病。
Our business has suffered from lack of investment.
我們的企業(yè)因缺乏投資而日子不好過。
注意: suffer也可用作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“遭受;承受;蒙受”,多接pain, loss, defeat, punishment 等表示痛苦、不愉快的事。如:
He suffered the loss of a leg during the war.
在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,他失去了一條腿。
3. Living with cancer has... for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest. (Integrating skills)
take chance的熱點(diǎn)用法有:
1. 利用機(jī)會(huì)
Please take every chance to improve your English.
請(qǐng)利用一切機(jī)會(huì)來提高你的英語成績(jī)。
2. 碰運(yùn)氣
We can’t take chances; we should be well prepared.
我們不能碰運(yùn)氣,我們應(yīng)做好充分準(zhǔn)備。
to the fullest表示“達(dá)到最大程度”。
I should help her to the fullest.
我應(yīng)盡最大能力幫助她。
Unit 7考點(diǎn)透視 考例回顧
1. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and.... (Reading)
【考點(diǎn)】 break down可作及物動(dòng)詞,作“破壞;使失效”解。也可作不及物動(dòng)詞,常表示“(計(jì)劃,談判等) 受挫折、失敗”或“感情失去控制”或“(機(jī)器)停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。
【考例】 News reports say peace talks between the two countries______ with no agreement reached.(NMET 2003)
A. have broken down
B. have broken out
C. have broken in
D. have broken up
【解析】由with no agreement reached (沒達(dá)成任何協(xié)議)這一提示可知,全句要表達(dá)“和談失敗”之意。而break up“驅(qū)散,分開”;break in “插嘴”;break out“爆發(fā)”,都不符合句意,可排除。break down意為“(談判等)失敗”,符合句意,故選A。
2. She spends much of her time telling others about her disease and encouraging people to learn how to protect themselves. (Reading)
【考點(diǎn)】 及物動(dòng)詞encourage的意思是“鼓勵(lì)”,表示“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”用encourage sb. to do sth.。
【考例】 My advisor encouraged ______ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京2004)
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
【解析】 根據(jù)短語encourage sb. to do sth.可知應(yīng)選D。
3. I had been feeling sick for a long time and my mum had taken me to hospital to have me examined. (Integrating skills)
【考點(diǎn)】 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是“had+ been+ doing”,表示從過去某時(shí)間開始到過去另一時(shí)間為止,該動(dòng)作一直在持續(xù)進(jìn)行著,它具有過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)二者的特征。
【考例】 The crazy fans ______ patiently for two hours’ and they would wait till the movie star arrived.(重慶2004)
A. were waiting
B. had been waiting
C. had waited
D. would wait
【解析】從and后的分句可知電影明星還沒有到,所以當(dāng)時(shí)還在“等”,體現(xiàn)了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);從第一分句的時(shí)間狀語for two hours可知是過去完成時(shí),由此可知用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),故選B。
虛擬語氣的幾種常見句式
1. wish后的賓語從句
表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語用過去式;表示過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語用had + 過去分詞;表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
我真希望知道這個(gè)問題的答案。
(事實(shí)上不知道)
I wish I had not wasted so much time.
我真希望沒有浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間�！ �
(事實(shí)是已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了)
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我們一起去。
(你去的可能性不大)
2. as if 或as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句和狀語從句
表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語用過去式;表示與過去事實(shí)相反,用had +過去分詞;表示與將來事實(shí)可能相反,用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
She looks as if she were sick.
她看起來像病了似的�！ �(其實(shí)沒病)
He looks as if nothing had happened to him.
他看上去好像什么事都沒發(fā)生似的。
(事實(shí)是出問題了)
He talks about the book as if he had written it.
他說起那本書來就好像是他寫的。
(書不是他寫的)
如果as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句所表述的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相符,應(yīng)用陳述語氣。如:
It looks as if our team is going to win.
看來我們隊(duì)要贏了。
(場(chǎng)上情況表明有可能)
3. if only后的句子
表示現(xiàn)在沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,動(dòng)詞用過去式;表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞；表示與將來事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè),謂語動(dòng)詞使用would+動(dòng)詞原形，could+動(dòng)詞原形或虛擬語氣過去時(shí),常譯為“要是……就好了”。如:
If only I could learn English well in one day.
要是能在一天內(nèi)把英語學(xué)好就好了。
(事實(shí)上做不到)
If only I had not been late for the interview.
要是我面試沒遲到就好了。(事實(shí)上遲了)
If only Simon would reply to my letter.
要是西蒙能給我回信就好了。
(事實(shí)上不會(huì)回信)
4. would rather后的從句
表示現(xiàn)在的愿望,動(dòng)詞用過去式;表示過去的愿望,動(dòng)詞用had + 過去分詞。
I would rather she were not present.
我寧可她不在場(chǎng)。 (事實(shí)是她在場(chǎng))
I would rather he had told me the truth.
我寧可他告訴我事實(shí)真相�！ �
(事實(shí)是他沒告訴我事實(shí)真相)
5. It is (about / high) time后的定語從句
表示該做某事而沒做,從句謂語用過去式。
It is time that we went home.
我們?cè)摶丶伊恕?實(shí)際沒走)
It is high time that you went to bed.
你早該睡覺了。
6. advise， suggest， order， require， command， demand， desire， propose， insist， request等后的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should常被省略。
He proposes that we(should) discuss the problem further.
他建議我們進(jìn)一步討論那個(gè)問題。