Unit 14 Zoology

Warming up

1. Match the words above with the humorous definitions below.

match vt./vi. 與。。。相配，與。。。相同，將。。。配對(duì)

The doors were painted blue to match the walls. 門漆成了藍(lán)色，為的是與墻的顏色相配。

None of these glasses match. 這些杯子沒有能配對(duì)兒的。

As a couple they are not very well matched作為夫妻他們并不十分般配。

n. 火柴，比賽，敵手，旗鼓相當(dāng)?shù)娜�，般配的人或物，相同的東西

I was no match for him at tennis. 打網(wǎng)球我不是他的對(duì)手。

I was his match at tennis. 打網(wǎng)球我跟他旗鼓相當(dāng)。

The curtains and carpet are a good match. 窗簾和地毯非常相配。

Jo and Ian are a perfect match for each other. 喬和伊恩真是天造地設(shè)的一對(duì)兒。

區(qū)別 match, suit , fit

Match 多指大小，顏色，形狀，性質(zhì)等方面搭配。

Suit 多指合乎需要，口味，性格，條件，地位等。

Fit 多指大小，形狀合適。

如：The People’s Great Wall and Historical Museum match the Tian’anmen beautifully.

No dish suits all tastes. 沒有人人都合口味的菜。

The new coats fits me well. 這件新衣服我穿著大小正合適。

2. get hold of 抓住

引申：catch/get/lay/seize/keep hold of 抓住，握住，捕捉，獲得

Lose hold of 松手放走。

Hold back 攔阻，阻擋, 隱瞞；抑制，控制情感等； 躊躇

Hold off 延遲，推遲

Hold on 等一下，堅(jiān)持，挺住

Hold out 維持，堅(jiān)持，伸手

Hold up 阻礙，舉出例子，提出。。。為榜樣。

3. take turns doing 輪流做某事

take turns (in sth / to do sth) 依次。輪流

The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs. 雄鳥和雌鳥輪流伏窩。

We take it in turns to do the housework. 我們輪流做家務(wù)。

in turn 依次，輪流，相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而

The children called out their names in turn. 孩子們依次報(bào)出自己的名字。

Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.增加生產(chǎn)會(huì)繼而增加利潤。

By turns adv. 輪流, 交替

Beneath her external calm, she raged and felt frightened by turns.

Reading

1. Among the different kinds of bee, it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most because of the “l(fā)anguage ” they use to communicate with each other.

★★ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一些練習(xí)：

(1) 以一般疑問句出現(xiàn)

Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert?

A it you B not you C you D that yourself

(2) 以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn)

____ is it ____ has made Peter ___ he is today?

A What; that; that B That; that ; what C What; what; that D What; that ; what

(3) 以名詞性從句形式出現(xiàn)

I’ve already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary.

A that it was there B where was it that C that where it was D where it was that

(4) 與定語從句相結(jié)合

It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Professor Harris _________ they did the experiment.

A which ; that B that; what C whom; that D which; where

(5) 與not ..until 句型結(jié)合

It was not until it got dark that I left.

另外，注意與有it 的定語從句相區(qū)別：

It was midnight when he came back.

It was at midnight that he came back.

2. He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside.

Go on 的用法：

vi. 向前進(jìn)行

We were all tired, so we couldn’t go on.我們都精疲力盡，無法前進(jìn)。

繼續(xù) (go on doing sth, go on with sth go on to do ）

I couldn’t finish my homework so I have to go on with it.

He went on working without taking a rest.

Time is limited, so let’s go on to the next subject. 時(shí)間有限，我們進(jìn)入下一個(gè)主題吧。

（事件等）發(fā)生

It sounds as if there is a fight going on upstairs. 樓上好象有人打架。

(時(shí)間) 經(jīng)過，過去

As the days went on it grew colder. 日子一天天過去， 天氣越來越冷。

3. observe vt. 觀察, 觀測(cè), 遵守, （搭配：observe sb do/doing sth）

observe the speed limit; 遵守速度限制；

observe a child's behavior. 觀察一個(gè)孩子的行為

One must observe the rules. 我們(任何人)必須遵守規(guī)則。

4. In order to tell the bees apart, he painted some bees with little dots of color.

Tell apart 識(shí)別，辨別 如：

The twins are so much alike that we can hardly tell them apart. 這對(duì)雙胞胎太像了，我們幾乎分不出來誰是誰。

▲ tell … apart tell A from B tell the difference between A and B

distinguish A from/and B make a distinction between A and B

你能區(qū)別開簡和露絲嗎？

Can you tell Jane and Lucy apart? Can you tell Jane from Lucy?

Can you tell the difference between Jane and Lucy? Can you distinguish Jane and/from Lucy?

Can you make a distinction between Jane and Lucy?

5. They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movements.

Troop 用法n. [常用復(fù)]軍隊(duì), 部隊(duì) 一群; 大量; 許多;

a troop of students on a field trip; 一群郊游的學(xué)生；

the enemy troops have been driven out of the country. 敵軍被趕出了國土。

vi. 一組成群結(jié)隊(duì)地走, 排隊(duì)前進(jìn) (along, in, out, to)

They trooped away to the football game. 他們成群地去看足球。

The students trooped into the auditorium. 學(xué)生們列隊(duì)走入大禮堂。

6. They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.

The +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)。。。， the +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)， 意思是越。。。就越

The higher we stand, the farther we see. 站得越高，看得越遠(yuǎn)。

The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 越早越好。

7. So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外一個(gè)令人驚訝的的情況。

Come to light 被人知道（發(fā)現(xiàn)）顯露，暴露，被發(fā)現(xiàn)

New facts about ancient Egypt have recently come to light. 最近有一些關(guān)于古代埃及的事實(shí)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。

bring …to light 將…曝光，揭露

throw/cast light on/ upon 使明白，解釋

see the light =finally understand

set light to sth.=light

1.The new facts _______________ on the matter. 那些新事實(shí)使這個(gè)問題更明朗化。

2.New evidence has recently _________________. 最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的證據(jù)。

3.His past was____________________. 他的往事被揭發(fā)了。

8. warn sb. of sth.

against/about doing

(not) to do

that clause

The doctor warned him of the danger of smoking.

against smoking.

not to smoke.

smoking is harmful to health.

9. 高考中考查比較級(jí)的重要句型

　　考點(diǎn)說明：比較級(jí)有許多熱點(diǎn)句型：from bad to worse/worse and worse(每況愈下)；more and more (越來越多的，越來越……)；the +比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)(越……越……)； to make the matter worse/what's worse/worse than all/worse than ever (更糟糕的是)等。

　　典型題例：

　　1.________the temperature, ________ water turns into steam.

A. The high; the fast B. Higher; faster 　　

C. The more higher; the faster 　　D. The higher; the faster

　　2. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ________. (NMET2001上海)

　　A. our holiday will be better 　　B. our holiday will be the better

　　C. the better our holiday will be　　D. the better will our holiday be

　　3. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn,________. (NMET2002上海)

　　A. the more for life are you equipped 　　B. the more equipped for life you are

　　C. the more life you are equipped for 　　D. you are equipped the more for life

方法揭秘：分析語境含義和句子結(jié)構(gòu)看是否符合"the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)"句型的需要。

10. clarify vt. 澄清 ，闡明

clarify matters 澄清真相 clarify one's position 澄清某人的立場

clarify butter. 使奶油純凈 clarify the mind. 理清想法

Even the professor couldn't clarify the knotty point. 甚至教授也無法解決這個(gè)棘手問題。

Integrating skills

1. it ;that; one 做替代詞的用法

1）it 代替的是前面提到的同一事物。所代的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。

如： he cast his net for the first time, and drew in the body of an animal. 他撒第一網(wǎng)的時(shí)候打上來的是一頭動(dòng)物的尸體。

Hibernations is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep. 冬眠不同于睡覺，它是一種更深沉的睡眠。

2）one 或ones 代替前面提到同名事物中任何一個(gè)。 其前面可以有冠詞。 還可以被this, that, 或形容詞修飾，后面可以有定語。

The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today. 人口問題可能是世界最大問題。

Which jacket is yours? The white one.

3) that 代替前面提到的名詞中特指的事物，可以指代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。

The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school.

The weather of this week is worse than that of last week.

The quality of iron produced in your factory is better than that in their factory.

4) 如果前面提到的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則用they , them. Ones, those 代替。

What’s in these cups? ---There is some tea in them.

He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light one.

Those weren’t the right men, professor.

5) it 和that可以代替前面整個(gè)句子。而one 不能。

---We’ll try our best to catch them. ---It’s not necessary, sir.

Dr Brown said they had talked about my invention. But that was not possible.

6) 間或it 可以先出現(xiàn)， 用來代替后面分句中的某一名詞或整個(gè)分句的意思， 而 one that 不能。

2. except , except for, except that, except when…

All came except Jane.

except for 例句：

He is a good man except for hot temper.

And now it's almost finished, except for one last job.

Except for Governmental action, there will be no increase in the cost of your holiday.

except that例句

You'd have thought they were best friends or something, except that girls don't have proper friends the way boys do.

I'm of medium height, fairly well-built except that my breasts are rather small.

except when例句

There is a very real danger that Venetian churches will be forced to close to the public except when services are being conducted.

But I've never been able to write except when I was stone cold sober.

3. conduct vt. 進(jìn)行 引導(dǎo)， 帶領(lǐng)， 牽引 指揮 導(dǎo)（電） 表現(xiàn) 處理， 經(jīng)營， 實(shí)施

conduct both domestic and foreign affairs 搞國內(nèi)外事務(wù)

conduct an experiment 做實(shí)驗(yàn)

conduct a survey 進(jìn)行偵察

conduct an opera 指揮樂曲

conduct oneself in a most gracious manner 表現(xiàn)得極為溫文爾雅

conduct one's private affairs 處理私事

Curator conducted the visitors round the museum. 館長領(lǐng)著游客們?cè)诓┪镳^中參觀。

Copper conducts electricity better than other materials. 銅導(dǎo)電比其它材料好。

He conducts himself well. 他行為端正。