Module2 Unit1 Visiting relatives
語(yǔ)法
1. 現(xiàn)在完在時(shí)
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的意義：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, yet, ever, never, just等。
如：I have already cleaned the blackboard.我已經(jīng)擦完黑板了。
（2）構(gòu)成形式：
助動(dòng)詞：have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
a. 肯定式：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其它。
如：He has finished his homework.他做完作業(yè)了。
b. 否定式：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它。
如：Mum hasn’t cooked supper yet.媽媽還沒(méi)做晚飯呢。
c. 疑問(wèn)式：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它？
如：Have you ever been to Shandong?你去過(guò)山東嗎？
（3）動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成：
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
a. 一般情況，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed。如：played, worked 等；
b. 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-d。如：lived, liked等；
c. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i ,再加-ed。如：studied, worried等；
d. 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接在詞尾加-ed。如：stayed, played等；
e. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stopped, dropped等。
語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)：
I’ve had a letter from my brother.我收到我哥哥的來(lái)信了。
I’ve never seen my cousins in Beijing.我從未見過(guò)北京的堂兄妹。
We would like to travel to Beijing. 我們想去北京旅行。
That’s too expensive/slow.太貴/慢。
We’ll stay until the end of August.我們將呆到八月末。
We’re going to take you to all the interesting places in Beijing.我們將帶你們?nèi)ィ▍⒂^）北京所有的名勝。
It’s in the center of Beijing.它在北京中部。
How long will they stay in Garden City?他們將在花園城市呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？
重難點(diǎn)解析
1. Look, Kitty. I’ve had a letter from my brother, Weiming.凱蒂，看。我收到我哥哥偉明的來(lái)信了。
have a letter from sb.意為“收到某人的來(lái)信”，與receive a letter from sb./get a letter from sb./hear from sb.同義。如：I’ve just heard from my father.我剛收到我爸爸的來(lái)信。
2. He has invited us to stay with his family in August.他邀請(qǐng)我們八月份和他的家人呆在一起。
invite sb. to sp .意為“邀請(qǐng)某人去某地”。如：Kate invited me to her party yesterday.凱特邀請(qǐng)我參加她的晚會(huì)。
Invite sb.to do sth.意為“邀請(qǐng)某人做某事”。如：She invited us to have dinner with her.她邀請(qǐng)我們同她一道就餐。
3. There he is with your Aunt Betty,and your cousins,Simon and Lucy.這就是他和你的貝蒂嬸嬸，你的堂兄妹，西蒙和露西。
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，有時(shí)將there提至句首，句子使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，如果句中主語(yǔ)是名詞，則句子全部倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：狀語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。如：Here is the book .書在這兒。Out rushed the students.學(xué)生們沖了出去。
4. They are the same age as you and Ben, twelve and fourteen.他們跟你和本同歲，十二，十四歲。the same as 意為“與…相同/一樣”。如：My pen is the same as yours.我的鋼筆和你的（鋼筆）一樣。He is the same height as his father.他和他爸爸的身高相同。
5. I don’t know yet. 我還不知道呢。
yet意為“尚；還；仍然”。用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，通常位于句末。如：I haven’t received a letter from him yet.我至今尚未收到他的信。
--Are you ready?你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？
--No,not yet.我還沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好呢。
6. Can I help you?我能幫你嗎？
這是服務(wù)人員或營(yíng)業(yè)員接待客人或顧客的禮貌用語(yǔ)。我們還可以說(shuō)：What can I do for you?他們?cè)诓煌膱?chǎng)合有不同的意義。如：你要買什么？
7. We’d like to travel to Beijing.我們想去北京旅行。
此句中的’d是would的縮寫。would like +to do sth.,意為“想要做某事”或“愿意做某事”，其中would為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，like為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面必須接to 的不定式。如：I would like to drink a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。He’d like to play football with us.他想和我們一起踢足球。
8. We want to leave on the eleventh of August.我們想于八月十一日離開。
on 用于日期、星期前；in用于年、月前。如：We often go to the park on Sundays.我們星期天經(jīng)常去公園。He was born in 1987.他出生于1987年。
9. How long does the train take to travel from Garden City to Beijing?從花園市到北京坐火車需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？
how long意為“多久；多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。是用來(lái)提問(wèn)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短和距離長(zhǎng)短的特殊疑問(wèn)句，句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：How long have you lived in Shenyang?你在沈陽(yáng)住多久了？How long is the river?這條河有多長(zhǎng)？
10. Let’s look at this train brochure.讓我看看列車表。
let sb. do sth .意為“讓某人做某事吧”。如：Let him go home .讓他回家吧。Let me help you.讓我?guī)湍惆伞?/p>
注：let’s構(gòu)成的祈使句，在變成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，其附加部分應(yīng)為shall we?如：Let’s go to the park, shall we?我們?nèi)ス珗@，好嗎？
11. It’s a bit slow ,but it’s cheap.是有點(diǎn)慢，但是便宜。
a bit作程度副詞，表示“稍微、一點(diǎn)兒”的意思，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、比較級(jí)等。如：Will you please turn down the radio a bit?(修飾動(dòng)詞)請(qǐng)你把收音機(jī)關(guān)小一點(diǎn)好嗎？ She’s a bit afraid of the teacher.(修飾形容詞)她有點(diǎn)怕老師。Her mother feels a bit better today.(修飾比較級(jí))她母親今天感覺(jué)好一些。
12. It takes about 2.5 hours.需要兩個(gè)半小時(shí)。
take意為“花費(fèi)”，通常構(gòu)成句式：
It take sb.some time to do sth.某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
此句中省略了to travel from Garden City to Beijing如：It takes me an hour to do my homework every day ,我每天用一個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。
13. How much does it cost?得花多少錢？
其同義句為：How much is it ?或What’s the price of it ?
辨析：cost與take
cost意為“價(jià)值為，需花費(fèi)”，其過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞都是cost,句中的物或事作主語(yǔ)。如：These chairs cost $20 each. 這些椅子每把價(jià)錢為20美元。It costs too much.這東西價(jià)錢太貴。The dictionary cost him $15 。他花15美元買了這本字典。
It takes Jim half an hour to watch TV every day .吉母每天花半小時(shí)看電視。
14. We’ll stay until the end of August.我們將呆到八月末。
until意為“直到……時(shí)（為止）”。如：Wait until the rain stops.(此句中until是連詞)等到雨停了再說(shuō)吧。Wait until tomorrow.(此句中until是介詞)等到明天。
not…until 意為“直到……才”。如：I didn’t go to bed until my father came back last night.昨夜里直到我爸爸回來(lái)我才睡覺(jué)。
15. Why don’t we travel by train?我們?yōu)槭裁床蛔疖嚶眯心兀?/p>
此句還可能說(shuō)：Why not travel by train?
Why don’t you/we do…?或Why not do…?用于提出建議和勸告。如：Why not tell the truth?為什么不說(shuō)真話？
16. The plane is much faster.飛機(jī)快多了。
much修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，表示“…得多” 如：She is much more beautiful than
her sister. 她比她妹妹漂亮多了。
17. Thank you for inviting us to visit you.感謝你們邀請(qǐng)我們拜訪你們。
thank sb./thanks for sth.或thank sb./thanks for doing sth.意為“為…而感謝”如：Thank you for helping me with my English.謝謝你幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
其回答是：Not at all./That’s OK./That’s all right./You are welcome./It’s nothing./It’s a pleasure.不用謝。
18. We are all very excited about our trip.我們對(duì)于我們的旅行都感到很興奮。
（1）be excited about意為“對(duì)…感到興奮”。如：
The children are all excited about the coming Children’s Day. 孩子們對(duì)即將到來(lái)的兒童節(jié)感到很興奮。
（2）辨析：excited與exciting
Excite 是動(dòng)詞，意為“（使）興奮；激發(fā)；喚起”，其形容詞為excited和exciting。但excited表示“興奮的”，指人、物對(duì)……感到興奮；而exciting表示“令人興奮的；使人激動(dòng)的”，指人、事、物本身讓人興奮、激動(dòng)。試比較：
Are you excited about going to Beijing? 你要去北京了，感到興奮嗎？
He told us an exciting story yesterday. 他昨天給我們講了一個(gè)使人激動(dòng)的故事。
It’s nothing to get excited about.這沒(méi)什么可值得激動(dòng)的。
I’ve got an exciting piece of work.我得到一份令人興奮的工作。
19. A huge square holds 1 million people 一個(gè)能容納一百萬(wàn)人的大廣場(chǎng)。
辨析：huge, big與large
huge意為“極大的；巨大的”，指體積大。常用于具體的事物、空間、距離、程度、容量、聲音等方面。如：Canada is a huge country.加拿大是個(gè)幅員遼闊的國(guó)家。
big意為“大的”，常用于具體事物、體積、面積、范圍、程度、強(qiáng)度等方面。如：This pair of shoes is too big for me .這雙鞋我穿太大了。
large意為“大的”，指大小、程度、容量。如：A large family needs a large house.大家庭需要大房子。
20. 辨析：trip,journey 與travel
（1）trip n 旅行，旅游，指短距離的旅行。如：He makes a trip to the dentist once a year.他一年去看一次牙醫(yī)。
（2）journey n. 旅行，旅程，指長(zhǎng)途旅行。如：It’s a long journey to go there.去那兒是個(gè)長(zhǎng)途旅行。
（3）travel n . 旅行，泛指旅行的過(guò)程，尤指長(zhǎng)途海外旅行。如：I like air travel.我喜歡坐飛機(jī)旅行。
【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：40分鐘）
一、字母組詞
1. There are many_______(c.e.a.n.i.n.t)buildings in Beijing.
2. Shenyang is in ________(o.t.n.r.h.)of China.
3. Have you taken photos at Tiananmen_________(q.s.u.r.a.e)
4. How much does it_______(s.o.c.t)?
5. Thank you for_______(v.i.t.i.n.i n.g)us to visit you.
6. We’ve made a ________(t.a.m.e.t.i.b.l.e)for your visit.
7. We can’t go by air .It will be more________(s.i.p.e.n.e.x.v.e)
8. Have a good _______(n.j.o.e.r.u.y).
9. We ate all very excited about our ________(r.t.i.p)
10. My uncle bought some_______(r.s.t.p.e.e.n.s)from America.
二、選擇并抄寫單詞
1. I would like______(to stay ,staying) with you
2. They are all ______(excited, exciting ) about the trip.
3. How _______(much, many)does it cost?
4. Why don’t you ________(travel , to travel )by air?
5. How______(far, long )does it take to travel from Shenyang to Shanghai?
6. The plane is _______(much, more)expensive.
7. Have you_______(write, written)to your uncle yet?
8. We’re going to visit some________(interesting, interest)places.
9. I’ve never________(saw ,seen)it before.
10. It _______(takes, spends) me 3 hours to do this work.
三、組詞成句
1. stay we’ll the until of end August
_______________________________________
2. to like we’d to Beijing travel
____________________________________
3. be more cheaper it and interesting will
___________________________________________
4. enjoyed really we holiday our
___________________________________________
5. going visit are where we to
______________________________________
四、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話
A：Mum ,are we going to ___1____Beijing?
B：Yes ,we’ll go ___2__ 11 August.
A：__3_ __4___ will we stay?
B：We’ll stay ____5___the end __6___August
A：__7____ weeks . How __8___!
Why don’t we travel __9____ train?
B：The train is too slow.
The plane is much___10____.
【試題答案】
一、1. ancient 2. north 3. square 4. cost 5. inviting 6. timetable
7. expensive 8. journey 9. trip 10. presents
二、1. to stay 2. excited 3. much 4. travel 5. long 6. more
7. written 8. interesting 9. seen 10. takes
三、1. We’ll stay until the end of August.
2. We’d like to travel to Beijing.
3. It will be cheaper and more interesting.
4. We really enjoyed our holiday.
5. Where are we going to visit?
四、1. visit 2. on 3. How 4. long 5. until 6. of
7. Two 8. exciting 9. by 10. faster