第五單元語法：名詞性從句
1. 名詞性從句
2. 同位語從句
3. 同位語從句與定語從句的辨析
4. what; whatever; whoever; where引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
5. it 作為形式主語的句型
知識總結(jié)與歸納：
（一）名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞性從句起名詞作用在句中做主語，表語，賓語和同位語構(gòu)成：主語從句；表語從句；賓語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞有三類：that；whether; wh-疑問詞。
例句：
1.The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.
2. They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
3. I want to tell the reader that these hills and fields are most beautiful, with many small and clear rivers, and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.
4. Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.
5. What interested him was that the whole world had been mapped 70 years before Columbus.
6. What is certain that the book has made many people think about the achievements of Zheng He and other Chinese captains and their role in discovering the world.
7. That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.
8. This gave him the idea that the Chinese perhaps first discovered America.
（二）同位語從句在名詞idea; fact; news; thought; suggestion/advice; problem; proof等詞后面帶上that+陳述句 這部分從句解釋了前面的那些名詞所指的內(nèi)容，與那些名詞起著同等作用的句子成分，叫同位語從句。
1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
2. The idea that England stands for Fish& Chips, Speakers’ Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
3. The result that Oxford beat Cambridge by a foot in 2003 surprised many.
4. The news that he died was a great shock to his mother.
5. If there’s possibility that you’ll go, I’d like to go with you.
6. I asked myself a question whether the research is worth the trouble.
7. I have no idea what has happened to him.
（三）同位語從句與定語從句的辨析：
that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句解釋前面名詞的內(nèi)容，that是連詞沒有任何意義，在從句中不做任何成分。而定語從句修飾前面的先行詞，從句有關(guān)系詞that; which; who; when; where; why引導(dǎo)，先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，狀語。
1. The news that the plane would take off on time made everyone happy.
2. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.
（四）what; whatever; whoever; where引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句：what+陳述句：……的話/事/的樣子；whatever+陳述句：……的任何東西；whoever+陳述句：做…事的任何人；（以上名詞性從句做主語，表語或賓語）；where+陳述句：……的所在，做表語。
1. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
2. The schools of the future will probably be quite different from what they are today.
3. If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.
4. Whoever comes will be welcome.
5. That is just where they are mistaken.
（五）與“命令，建議，要求, 有必要/重要”有關(guān)的名詞性從句中的謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)：1）主動結(jié)構(gòu)：should do; 2）被動結(jié)構(gòu)：should be done;（should可以省略）
1. I suggest that he should come another day.
2. The suggestion that the students should learn something practical is worth considering.
3. I though it necessary that I should stay in the room till he came back.
（六）it 作為形式主語的句型：
It is +形容詞/名詞/名詞短語+that 從句。
It is said / reported / predicted that從句。
It is suggested / believed / thought / hoped / found / that從句。
1. It’s a pity that you are leaving.
2. It’s decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
3. It was once predicted that British and American English would become separate languages finally.
【典型例題】
1. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
A. that B. which C. of which D. of that
答案：A
分析：he would die of the disease作fear的同位語。
2. The idea ___ we should have more industry in this area is a good one.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
答案：A
分析：該題考查的是idea后面的同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。
3. The suggestion ____we have a group of these records printed as soon as possible was accepted by the committee.
A. which B. in which C. that D. whether
答案：C
分析：該題考查的是suggestion的同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。
4. He told me the news ____ the Queen would visit China the next month.
A. that B. which C. it D. whether
答案：A
分析：the Queen would visit China the next month是一個完整的句子，是the news的解釋，故用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
5. The fact troubles me much ___ I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now.
A. which B. because C. why D. that
答案：D
分析：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋the fact。
6. The mother didn’t know to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.（NMF, T 2002）
A. who B. when C. how D. what
答案：A
分析：know后為賓語從句的省略形式，由題意可知，指人。
7. -I think it’s going to be a big problem.
-Yes, it could be.
-I wonder we can do about it.（NMET 2002）
A. if B. how C. what D. that
答案：C
分析：we can do后無賓語，故用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
8. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly he wants.（上海2002春）
A. what B. which C. when D. that
答案：A
分析：give后接雙賓語；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句且作wants的賓語。
9. Jack said to meet the American friends.
A. he is pleased B. what he was pleased
C. that he was pleased D. which he pleased
答案：C
分析：賓語從句中應(yīng)用過去時，同said時態(tài)保持一致。He was pleased意義和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
10. she couldn’t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
答案：A
分析：主語從句中缺少賓語，用what；表語從句的句意問原因，用why。
【模擬試題】（答題時間：60分鐘）
一. 單項選擇
1. He often writes to us expressing his thought _____ one day he’ll come to join us.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
2. He made a suggestion ____ the English test be put off until next Wednesday.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
3. The news _____ the football team won the game made us happy.
A. that B. which C. in which D. what
4. The mere fact ____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.
A. what B. which C. that D. why
5. -Do you really believe there is human race in outer space?
So far there is no proof ____ people from other planets do exist.
A. which B. how C. what D. that
6. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that you has a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
7. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
8. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
二. 完型填空：
As Christmas is coming, there are presents to be bought, cards to be sent, and rooms to be cleaned. Parents are __1__ with difficult jobs of hiding presents from curious young children. If the gifts are large, this is sometimes a real __2__. On Christmas Eve, young children find the excitement almost unbearable. They are torn between the wish to go to bed early so that Father Christmas will bring their presents quickly and the wish __3__ up late so that they will not __4__ the fun. The wish for the gifts usually proves stronger. But though children go to bed early, they often lie __5__ for a long time, hoping to get a short __6__ at Father Christmas.
Last Christmas, my wife and I __7__ hid a few large presents in the storeroom. I __8__ the moment when my son, Jimmy, would __9__ me where that new bike had come from, but __10__ he did not see it.
On Christmas Eve, __11__ took the children hours to go to sleep. It must have been nearly __12__ when my wife and I went quietly into their room and began __13__ stockings. Then I pushed in the __14__ I bought for Jimmy and left it beside the Christmas tree. We knew we would not get much sleep that night, for the children were __15__ to get up early. At about five o’clock the next morning, we were __16__ by loud sounds coming from the children’s room-they were shouting excitedly! __17__ I had time to go out of bed, young Jimmy came riding in the room on his new bike, and his sister, Mary, followed close behind pushing her new baby-carriage. __18__ the baby arrived. He moved __19__ the hands and knees into the room dragging a large balloon behind him. Suddenly it burst. That woke us up __20__. The day had really begun with a bang!
1. A. faced B. met C. filled D. pleased
2. A. question B. matter C. problem D. business
3. A. get B. stay C. stand D. wake
4. A. lose B. break C. miss D. leave
5. A. awake B. wake C. asleep D. sleep
6. A. look B. stare C. glare D. watch
7. A. hopefully B. busily C. gladly D. successfully
8. A. liked B. feared C. surprised D. hated
9. A. answer B. tell C. ask D. search
10. A. sadly B. unluckily C. possibly D. fortunately
11. A. it B. they C. I D. we
12. A. morning B. midnight C. evening D. daybreak
13. A. filling B. sewing C. mending D. preparing
14. A. present B. stocking C. bike D. tree
15. A. going B. sure C. glad D. excited
16. A. troubled B. frightened C. woken D. shocked
17. A. Before B. After C. Until D. Since
18. A. Even B. And C. Soon D. Then
19. A. with B. on C. over D. by
20. A. all B. nearly C. happily D. completely
三. 閱讀理解
Coketown was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but in fact it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of savage（野人）. It was a town of machinery and tall chimney, out of which smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill smelling color, and large piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the steam-engine worked up and down like the head of an elephant in a state of madness. The town contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited（居�。゜y people equally like one another.
A sunny midsummer day. There was such a thing sometimes even in Coketown. Seen from a distance in such a weather, Coketown lay covered in a smoke of its own. You only knew the town was there, because you knew there could have been no such a place upon the view without a town.
The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day, and the sun was so bright that it even shone through the smoke over Coketown, and could not be looked at steadily. Workers appeared from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, wiping their face sand looking at coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a smell of hot oil everywhere. The atmosphere of those places was like the breath of hell（地獄）, and their inhabitants wasting with heat, walked lazily in the desert. But no temperature made the mad elephants more mad or more sane（理智的）. Their tiresome heads went up and down at the sane rate, in hot weather and in cold, wet weather and dry. The measured movement of their shadows of wood; while for the summer noise of insects, it could offer all the year round, from the dawn of Monday to the night of Saturday.
1. Which of the following words is NOT properly used to describe Coketown ?
A. unpleasant B. dirty C. noisy D. deserted
2. From the passage we know that Coketown was mainly a（n）_____town.
A. industrial B. agricultural C. historical D. cultural
3. Only _____ were not affected by weather.
A. the workmen B. the habitants C. the steam-engine D. the woods
4. Which is the author’s opinion of Coketown?
A. Coketown should be replaced by woods
B. The town had too much oil in it
C. The town was seriously polluted
D. The town’s atmosphere was unchanged
【試題答案】
一. 單項選擇
1. B that引導(dǎo)同位語從句作thought的同位語。
2. C that引導(dǎo)同位語從句作suggestion的同位語。
3. A that引導(dǎo)同位語從句作news的同位語。
4. C that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋the fact。
5. D that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋no proof。
6. A why引導(dǎo)的表語從句，表原因。
7. D whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句，意為“無論誰”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)某人；who引導(dǎo)主語從句，意為“誰”不強(qiáng)調(diào)人。The one和Anyone不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。
8. A 主語從句中缺少主語，用what。
二. 完型填空：
1. A，be faced with: 面臨藏禮物的難題。
2. C，problem: 指難以處理的事。
3. B，
4. C，根據(jù)句子意思：他們面臨著二難選擇：要么早睡以盡快得到圣誕老人的禮物，要么熬夜以致于不錯過有趣的事。
5. A，由于愿望強(qiáng)烈而睡不著。awake 醒著，睡不著。
6. A，希望看一眼圣誕老人。 get a short look at :看一眼。
7. D，從下一句可以看出“去年圣誕節(jié)禮物藏得很成功�！�
8. B，
9. C，
10. D，我擔(dān)心兒子會問自行車從哪來的，但幸運(yùn)的是他沒看到。
11. A，除夕之夜，孩子們一般要花幾個小時才能睡著。It took…..表示“花費(fèi)”的句型。
12. B，
13. A，將近半夜，我們倆悄悄走進(jìn)他們的房間往圣誕襪里裝禮物。
14. C，根據(jù)前面提到的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)該是“我把為Jimmy買的自行車推進(jìn)來，放在圣誕樹旁邊。
15. B，我知道那一宿我們不可能睡太久，因?yàn)楹⒆觽兛隙〞鸬煤茉纭?/p>
16. C，我們被巨大的響聲吵醒。
17. A，我還沒來得及下床，
18. A，Mary緊隨Jimmy后面推著嬰兒車進(jìn)來了，甚至連寶寶也來了。
19. B，指寶寶用手腳爬進(jìn)來。 on：用
20. D，我們被徹底弄醒了。
三. 閱讀理解：
1. D 從全文對整個小鎮(zhèn)的描述看；小鎮(zhèn)讓人感到不舒服，骯臟，充滿了噪音。所以D項不符合對小鎮(zhèn)的描述。deserted：荒廢的。
2. A 整座小鎮(zhèn)是一個工業(yè)城鎮(zhèn)。從這樣幾處細(xì)節(jié)可以看出：第一段：It was a town of machinery and tall chimney, out of which smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever.；第二段：Seen from a distance in such a weather, Coketown lay covered in a smoke of its own.；以及第三段：Workers appeared from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, wiping their face sand looking at coals。
3. C 根據(jù)第三段：But no temperature made the mad elephants more mad or more sane（理智的）. Their tiresome heads went up and down at the sane rate, in hot weather and in cold, wet weather and dry.。在第一段曾把the steam-engine比喻為處于瘋狂狀態(tài)的大象。即：the steam-engine worked up and down like the head of an elephant in a state of madness.。
4. C 小鎮(zhèn)的景色明顯受著嚴(yán)重的工業(yè)污染。