高中第一冊(cè)（下）
知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 fat stomach fever ripe ought examine plenty diet fit gain energy
soft bar fuel chemical balance tasty boil mixture sleepy brain steam *theme *parade fighting *conflict argument major probably honour *ancestor *principle nation purpose *creativity *faith *commercial joy light similar generation *salute kiss cheek nod celebration respect gift cycle fool invitation
詞組 ought to plenty of keep up with make a right choice short of now and then roll up dress up in one’s opinion give thanks to play a trick on sb. take in cut...into pieces lead a ...life
語法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.fit
例句集錦
n.
These shoes are a perfect fit.
這雙鞋子很合腳。
The coat is a bad fit.那件外套不合身。
What a fit!多么合身的衣服��！
v.
（1）This jacket fits me well.
這件夾克很合我的身。
Why,the key doesn’t fit the lock!
哎呀，這把鑰匙不是這把鎖的!
What do you want to drink?Will beer fit the bill?
你想喝什么？啤酒可以嗎？
（2）These shoes fit perfectly.
這雙鞋子完全合腳。
The lid fits badly.那蓋子根本蓋不上。
（3）It is difficult to fit a suit on him because he is so irregularly built.
他的體形和常人不大相同，很難有合身的衣服。
（4）Please find a coat to the customer.
請(qǐng)找一件適合這位顧客穿的外套。
adj
（1）We meet next week.Do you know a fit place?
我們下星期要開會(huì)，你知道什么合適的場(chǎng)所嗎？
（2）What kind of job is he fit for?
他適合什么樣的工作？
（3）I have no dress fit to wear in public.
我沒有適合在公共場(chǎng)合穿的衣服。
Is this water fit to drink?這水能喝嗎？
The house isn’t fit for you to live in.
這棟房子不適合你居住。
（4）It is not fit for you to talk like that.
=It is not fit that you（should）talk like that.
你那樣說很不得體。
（5）Exercise keeps you fit.
運(yùn)動(dòng)能使你保持健康。
用法歸納
*fit可用作動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：合身的衣服，適合，合適的，適合……的。
特別提示、
fit用作名詞時(shí)常與不定冠詞連用；用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般表示衣服的尺寸大小適合某人穿，如表示衣服的款式或顏色適合某人一般用suit表示。
2.purpose
例句集錦
n.
（1）For what purpose did you go to Africa?
你到非洲去有什么目的？
I didn’t meet him for the mere purpose of talking.
我并不是僅為了談話才見他。
My purpose in going there was to meet some people on business.
我去那兒的目的是會(huì)見商務(wù)人士。
answer/serve one’s purpose 符合需要；carry out a purpose 實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)
（2）What’s the main purpose of this building?
這棟建筑物的主要用途是什么？
Is there any purpose in waiting?
等下去有用嗎？
（3）I think he lost the key on purpose.
我認(rèn)為他是故意丟失鑰匙的。
He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings.
他為了賣自己的一幅畫而特意進(jìn)城。
His explanation was not to the purpose.
他的解釋不得要領(lǐng)。
用法歸納
*purpose常用作名詞，有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：目的（可數(shù)名詞）；用途，效果（不可數(shù)名詞）。
特別提示
短語on purpose的反義詞為by chance或by accident“偶然”。
3.respect
例句集錦
n.
（1）Children should show respect for their teachers.
孩子應(yīng)該尊敬老師。
The doctor was held in respect by everyone.
這位醫(yī)生受到了大家的尊敬。
（2）He has no respect for his promise.他不重視他的諾言。
We must have respect for the needs of the general readers.
我們必須考慮到一般讀者的需要。
He has no respect for the feelings of others.
他毫不在意別人的心情。
（3）My mother sends her respects to you.我母親向你問好。
v.
He is respected by everyone.
他受到了大家的尊重。
Do you respect the laws of your country?
你們尊重貴國的法律嗎？
If you don’t respect yourself,how can you expect others to respect you?
如果你不尊重自己，怎么期望別人尊重你？
用法歸納
*respect可以用作名詞和動(dòng)詞（vt.）。主要有以下義項(xiàng)：尊敬；尊重；考慮；重視。作名詞時(shí)常為不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)respects的意思為問候，問好，相當(dāng)于regards,wishes。
特別提示
注意respect構(gòu)成的短語：pay respect to 考慮；尊重；with respect to 關(guān)于；without respect to 不管；不考慮；in respect of 涉及，關(guān)于，在……方面；as respects 就……而言，關(guān)于
4.gift
例句集錦
n.
（1）a Christmas/birthday gift 圣誕（生日）禮物
He made a gift of $10 000 to his old high school.
他給他的高中母校捐贈(zèng)了10 000美圓。
（2）He is a boy of many gifts.
他是個(gè)多才多藝的孩子。
He has a gift for music.他有音樂天賦。
用法歸納
*gift用作名詞，一般有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：禮物（同義詞present）,捐贈(zèng)，天才，天賦。gifted 為形容詞，意思為“有天賦的；有天資的”。a gifted musician一位有天賦的音樂家
特別提示
注意比較gifted“有天賦的”，skilled“有技術(shù)的”和experienced“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”。
5.salute
例句集錦
v.
He saluted his friends with a wave of the hand.
他揮揮手向他的朋友致意。
The guard saluted the general smartly.
衛(wèi)兵非常精神地向?qū)④娦卸Y。
n.
They fired a salute of ten guns.
他們鳴禮炮十響。
He raised his hat as a friendly salute.
他舉帽行禮。
They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute.
他們?cè)谀古悦撁蹦А?/p>
用法歸納
*salute可以用作動(dòng)詞（vi.& vt.）和名詞，主要義項(xiàng)有：致敬，行禮，向某人表達(dá)敬意。短語in salute的意思為“以表示敬意”。
●重點(diǎn)短語
1.take in
例句集錦
Please take in the washing,if it rains.
如果下雨，請(qǐng)把洗的衣服收進(jìn)來。反義詞：take out（拿出）
The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
這位好心的老太太主動(dòng)收容那位可憐的無家可歸的陌生人。
The poor widow earns money by taking in washing.
那位可憐的寡婦在家里替人洗衣服度日。
The tour takes in some famous old castles.
這趟觀光旅行包括參觀若干著名的古堡。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor quality goods.
那些推銷員欺騙老人，讓他們購買劣質(zhì)貨物。
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.
我花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間理解你說的話。
Can you take in this dress for me?It’s too loose round the waist.
你能把這件衣服改小一下嗎？腰部太肥。反義詞：let out（放大）
相關(guān)歸納
（1）take along帶……一起去
It’s going to rain;you’d better take along a raincoat with you.
天要下雨，你最好隨身帶著雨衣。
（2）take away拿走
Not to be taken away!不可拿走！
The child was taken away from school.
那孩子不被允許上學(xué)了。
（3）take back取回；歸還
I take back what I said.我收回我所說的話。
Shopkeepers will not usually take back goods after they have been paid off.
商店主人一般不收回已付過款的貨物。
（4）take off除去；脫掉；動(dòng)身；起飛
When I got to the airport,the plane had taken off.
我到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。
You should take your toys off the table.
你應(yīng)該把桌子上的玩具拿走。
I’d like to take off for home tomorrow.
我想明天啟程回家。
Take your coat off.脫掉你的外套吧。
（5）take on雇傭，承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)
The manager will take on a new secretary.
經(jīng)理打算雇用一個(gè)新秘書。
Don’t take on more work than you can do.
不要接受超過你所能負(fù)荷的工作量。
I’m glad to find that our school has taken on a new look.
我很高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)我們學(xué)校呈現(xiàn)出新面貌。
（6）take up拿起；占空間；消耗時(shí)間；開始從事；繼續(xù)
She took up her bag and left.
她拿起包就離開了。
Visiting grandfather will take up the whole of Sunday.
看望祖父將占用整個(gè)星期天的時(shí)間。
John took up art while at school.
約翰在學(xué)校期間開始學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。
I’ll take up the story where I finished yesterday.
我將在昨天結(jié)束的地方繼續(xù)這個(gè)故事。
Carry the table out.It takes up too much room.
把這個(gè)桌子搬出去，它太占空間。
2.dress up
例句集錦
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner.
你不必為這次晚宴而打扮。
I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我喜歡穿上古裝的樂趣。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
這小姑娘把自己裝扮成天使。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）be dressed in穿著
The lady was dressed in white at the party.
那女士在晚會(huì)上穿著一件白色衣服。
The girl was poorly（well）dressed.
那女孩穿著寒酸（華麗）的衣服。
（2）dress down 責(zé)罵某人；穿著隨便
He dressed down while working in the field.
在地里干活時(shí)他穿著很隨便。
特別提示
特別注意表示“穿”的詞語比較，可從表示動(dòng)作表示狀態(tài)和所跟賓語三個(gè)方面去區(qū)別。表示動(dòng)作的有put on,try on;表示狀態(tài)的有wear,be dressed in,be in,have...on;dress的賓語為“人”，其他動(dòng)詞的賓語均為衣物。
3.send away
例句集錦
He sent his son away/off to school in Germany.
他將兒子送到德國上學(xué)。
He was sent away because he was not strict in his work.
因?qū)ぷ饕蟛粐?yán)格他被開除了。
I couldn’t get this kind of lamp in town,so I sent away for it.
在城里我買不到這種電燈，所以我寄款郵購。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）send out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出；派出；長(zhǎng)出
The sun sends out light and warmth.
太陽發(fā)出光和熱。
send out invitations/orders 發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)或命令
The trees send out new leaves in spring.
春天樹木發(fā)出新芽。
（2）send off 為某人送行=see sb.off
Many of his friends went to the airport to send him off.
很多朋友都到機(jī)場(chǎng)為他送行。
（3）send up發(fā)射；使上升
They will send up another man-made satellite next month.
下個(gè)月他們將發(fā)射另一顆人造衛(wèi)星。
The good news sent prices up on the market.
這個(gè)好消息使物價(jià)上漲了。
（4）send for派人去叫某人；派人去拿某物
We must send for a man to repair the TV.
我們必須叫人來修理電視機(jī)。
Please keep these things until I send for them.
請(qǐng)?zhí)嫖冶４孢@些東西，等我派人來取。
特別提示
send away在表示“開除；解雇”時(shí)，其同義詞為dismiss；反義詞為take on或employ “雇傭”。
●必背句型
1.only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型
教材原句
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有這樣，我們對(duì)生活中的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇才會(huì)有充分的準(zhǔn)備。
特別提示
只有only引導(dǎo)狀語成分位于句首時(shí)，主句才使用主謂倒裝的句式，即一般疑問句的語序。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
只有到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。
（2）Only when you reminded me did I know that I should have done it.
只有當(dāng)你提醒我，我才知道我本應(yīng)該做那事的。
2.instead（of）構(gòu)成的句型
教材原句
Instead of eating expensive diet foods or going on unhealthy diets,we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.
不必吃昂貴的食療食品，或者進(jìn)行不健康的節(jié)食，我們只須盡量少吃脂肪和糖，多運(yùn)動(dòng)即可。
特別提示
instead of后面可以跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，同義詞為in place of。另外，instead還可以用作副詞，表示“代替，而是”的意思。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）Can you have the meeting on Thursday instead of Saturday?
你們能星期四而不是星期六開會(huì)嗎？
He will attend the meeting instead of me.
他將代替我參加會(huì)議。
（2）Instead of just complaining all the time,why don’t you do something about it!
別老是發(fā)牢騷，你干嗎不干點(diǎn)事情！
（3）I was ill so he went to attend the meeting instead.
我病了，因此他代替我參加了會(huì)議。
（4）She never studies. Instead,she plays tennis all day.
她從不學(xué)習(xí)。相反，她整天打網(wǎng)球。
3.each time引導(dǎo)狀語從句
教材原句
Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.
每次慶祝節(jié)日它都會(huì)有一點(diǎn)變化。這樣我們的文化發(fā)展才有生機(jī)。
特別提示
each time在此相當(dāng)于連接副詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性，即從句描述的不是一次性動(dòng)作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。也可以用every time表示。另外，the first time,next time,the time,the moment也可以用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）Each time we made mistakes in our homework,he would ask us to correct them.
每次我們作業(yè)中出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，他總是要求我們改正。
Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
每次你在社交場(chǎng)合遇到人時(shí)，集中精力于他四分鐘。
Every time I saw him,I was overcome by his brilliance.
每次見到他，都為他的聰穎傾倒。
（2）Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.
下次你進(jìn)城一定要來看我們。
She rushed into the room immediately/the moment she heard the noise.
她一聽到這聲音，就沖進(jìn)了房間。
He left me a good impression the first time I met him.
我第一次見他時(shí)，他給我留下了好印象。
疑難突破
1.keep up,keep sb.up,keep up with,catch up with
keep up“振作，使不低落”，后跟名詞。
keep sb.up“使……遲睡”比較：stay up“熬夜，不睡覺”。
keep up with“趕上，不落后”，側(cè)重于“不被拉下”。
catch up with“追趕上”，側(cè)重表示“從落后的狀態(tài)追趕上”。
應(yīng)用
（1）______ your courage/spirits.
（2）Go on in front,I’ll soon ______ you.
（3）Generally speaking,people in the country can ______ old customs.
（4）It’s wrong to ______ the children ______ so late.
（5）Teachers ought to especially care for those who can’t ______ the class.
答案：（1）Keep up （2）catch up with（catch you up） （3）keep up （4）keep...up （5）keep up with
2.check,examine,test,look up
check v. & n.著重于核對(duì)，查明是否正確。
examine v. 這一檢查著重于通過檢查這一手段去發(fā)現(xiàn)新的東西或情況。有時(shí)可和check換用。
test v.& n.試驗(yàn)，檢驗(yàn)；考驗(yàn)
look up v.查閱（詞典等工具書）以獲取有關(guān)的信息。
應(yīng)用
（1）I ______ my schoolbag to see if I’ve left the pen.
（2）You must do an experiment to ______ what he said.
（3）A policeman ______ his bag to see if there were any drugs.
（4）When I ______ my shopping list,I found I’d forgotten to buy eggs.
（5）You’d better ______ the word in the dictionary if you don’t know how to use it.
（6）I can’t see things clearly,I’d like to go to the doctor’s to have my eyes______.
答案：（1）checked （2）test （3）examined/checked （4）checked （5）look up （6）examined
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，25）______ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the US would be higher than the number of English speakers by ______ year 2090.
A.A;the B.The;/ C.The;/ D.The;a
剖析：本題考查冠詞的用法。第一處用不定冠詞，表示“某一份報(bào)告”的意思。第二處因?yàn)樘刂?090年，所以使用定冠詞。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年重慶，34）I failed in the final examination last term and only then______ the importance of studies.
A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize
剖析：本題考查倒裝句型。當(dāng)only引導(dǎo)的狀語位于句首時(shí)，需要使用主謂倒裝語序。參見必背句型1。時(shí)間狀語only then表明此處使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年全國，29）-Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
-No,it ______ be him,I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A.can’t B.must not C.won’t D.may not
剖析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。從后面一句話所提供的語境分析，“我對(duì)此非常有把握”，所以“絕對(duì)不可能是他”。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must不能用于否定的推測(cè)，此時(shí)應(yīng)該使用can’t。
答案：A