知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 protection *technique *irrigation pump seed technical *import production method root *insect tobacco golden tie discovery garden gardening gardener wisdom practical guide firstly sow condition soil weed remove sunflower humour humourous bitter chalk couple minister *circus intend stage nationality certain *amuse laughter accent actually typical tradition rapid *appreciate exist phrase suffer operate direction brake cyclist fortunately bicycle silence rude *confuse *confused
詞組 depend on and so on make fun of date back make use of drive off be on good terms with sb. look on ...as take notes of stand for go against year after year in the direction of in surprise to one’s joy
語(yǔ)法 It的用法（表示強(qiáng)調(diào)）
v.-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.condition
例句集錦
n.
（1）Ability is one of the conditions of success in life.
能力是人生成功的條件之一。
Her parents allowed her to go,but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.
她的父母準(zhǔn)許她去，但是有一個(gè)條件，那就是她在午夜以前回家。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個(gè)房間。
You should on no condition visit that place.
你絕不能去那個(gè)地方。
（2）The condition of my health prevents me from working.
我的健康狀況不允許我工作。
My car is old but in good condition.
我的車(chē)雖老，但狀況良好。
He is not in a condition to make a long trip.
他的健康狀況不佳，不適于長(zhǎng)途旅行。
I can’t go climbing this summer;I’m out of condition.
今年夏天我不能去爬山，我的健康狀況不佳。
v.
（1）He conditioned himself for the race.
他為賽跑而調(diào)整體能狀態(tài)。
（2）I conditioned the dog to bark at strangers.
我訓(xùn)練這只狗對(duì)陌生人吠叫。
用法歸納
*condition可以用作動(dòng)詞和名詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：條件；狀況；狀態(tài)；決定；調(diào)整狀態(tài)。用作名詞表示“條件”時(shí)可以構(gòu)成以下短語(yǔ)：on condition that在……條件下；on this/that/no/what condition在這種（那種，沒(méi)有的，什么）條件下。表示“狀況”時(shí)可以構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)有：in good condition情況良好；in/out of condition健康狀況良好（不佳）。
特別提示
注意比較相似詞語(yǔ)：situation形勢(shì)，局勢(shì)；state狀態(tài)（Matter has three states.）；surroundings環(huán)境
2.intend
例句集錦
v.
（1）What do you intend doing/to do today?
你今天打算做什么？
He intends to study abroad next year.
他打算明年到國(guó)外留學(xué)。
He intends his son to manage the company.
他打算讓兒子經(jīng)營(yíng)公司。
He intends that the plan should be put into practice within a year.
=He intends the plan to be put into practice with in a year.
他們打算在本年內(nèi)實(shí)行該計(jì)劃。
The two sides had intended to make peace,but something unusual happened.
雙方原打算講和，但發(fā)生了一件不尋常的事。
（2）This book was intended for you,but he took it away.
這本書(shū)是要給你的，但讓他拿走了。
This dictionary is intended for children.
這本詞典是給小孩用的。
This was intended to be a picture of a cat.
這幅畫(huà)原本是要畫(huà)貓的。
用法歸納
*intend用作動(dòng)詞，主要有“意欲；打算” “原本是要……；原意要……（常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）”等義項(xiàng)。主要用法有：intend to do； intend sb.to do； intend that...；be intended for/as;be intended to do。
特別提示
intend to do和mean to do有相同的用法。I’ve made a mistake,though I didn’t intend to/ mean to.我出錯(cuò)了，雖然我不愿意。
3.suffer
例句集錦
v.
（1）The injured man was still suffering.
那個(gè)受傷的男人還在受著折磨。
His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking.
他的健康因豪飲而嚴(yán)重受損。
His business suffered while he was ill.
在他患病期間他的生意不太好。
（2）The village is suffering from depopulation.
那個(gè)村莊正為人口減少而苦惱。
He is suffering from a bad cold.
他在患重感冒。
（3）The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.
那個(gè)城市因地震而遭受?chē)?yán)重破壞。
（4）I’ll suffer this insult no longer.
我不會(huì)再忍受這種侮辱了。
用法歸納
*suffer用作動(dòng)詞（vt.＆ vi.），主要義項(xiàng)有：受苦；患�。辉馐�；忍受等。表示“因……而遭罪，患……病”時(shí)，使用suffer from短語(yǔ)。
4.operate
例句集錦
v.
（1）Can you operate this computer?
你會(huì)操作這部電腦嗎？
（2）This sewing machine doesn’t operate properly.
這臺(tái)縫紉機(jī)無(wú)法正常工作。
（3）The sleeping pill operated at once.
那安眠藥馬上見(jiàn)效。
The new law doesn’t operate to our advantage.
新法律對(duì)我們沒(méi)有益處。
（4）The company operates ten factories.
那家公司經(jīng)營(yíng)10個(gè)工廠。
The business operates in various countries.
那家企業(yè)在許多國(guó)家都設(shè)有機(jī)構(gòu)。
（5）The surgeon decided to operate on her.
醫(yī)生決定給她動(dòng)手術(shù)。
用法歸納
*operate用作動(dòng)詞（vt.& vi.），主要義項(xiàng)有：運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；操作；起作用；經(jīng)營(yíng)；管理；動(dòng)手術(shù)。名詞operation手術(shù)，操作；operator 操作員，接線員。
特別提示
operate在表示“操作；管理；經(jīng)營(yíng)”時(shí)，為及物動(dòng)詞，同義詞有：run,manage等；表示“手術(shù)”時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞，跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)需使用介詞on。
●重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1.go against
例句集錦
But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.
如果違背自然規(guī)律，不按農(nóng)時(shí)耕作，就會(huì)事倍功半。
Don’t go against your father.
不要反對(duì)你的父親。
The war is going against them.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)他們不利。
It goes against my interests.
這與我的利益相反。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）go ahead 進(jìn)步；前進(jìn)；可以
He is going ahead fast.他進(jìn)步很快。
-May I start now? 我可以動(dòng)身嗎？
-Yes,go ahead.是的，動(dòng)身吧。
（2）go away離開(kāi)；走開(kāi)
Did you go away or stay at home in the vacation?
假期你是在家還是外出了？
I’ve had enough of your nonsense.Go away!
我已經(jīng)聽(tīng)夠你的胡言亂語(yǔ)了，走開(kāi)！
（3）go by走過(guò)；時(shí)間流逝
A car went by（us）at full speed.
一輛車(chē)以全速駛過(guò)（我們身旁）。
Several years went by before we met again.
我們過(guò)了好多年才再見(jiàn)面。
（4）go down 下降；落下；平靜下來(lái)
He went down and brought a newspaper.
他下去買(mǎi)了一份報(bào)紙。
The sun is going down.
太陽(yáng)正在落山。
The cost of living has gone down.
生活費(fèi)用下降了。
The wind has gone down a little.
風(fēng)勢(shì)減弱了。
（5）go in for從事；參加
He goes in for sports every day.
他每天都從事體育鍛煉。
（6）go off離去；進(jìn)展；變壞；熄掉
She got angry and went off.
她生氣而離開(kāi)。
The meeting went off very well.
會(huì)議進(jìn)展很順利。
The milk has gone off.
牛奶變質(zhì)了。
The lights went off at eight and came on again at ten.
電燈8點(diǎn)熄了，10點(diǎn)又亮了起來(lái)。
（7）go over 調(diào)查；復(fù)習(xí)
I went over the figure twice,but reached the same total.
我把數(shù)字檢查了兩次，兩次的總數(shù)都一樣。
She went over the lines time and again.
她反復(fù)練習(xí)那臺(tái)詞。
（8）go through經(jīng)過(guò)；經(jīng)歷；調(diào)查
The Bill didn’t go through.
議案未被通過(guò)。
The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.
那可憐的少女自從父母去世后經(jīng)歷了許多痛苦。
She went through the room but couldn’t find the missing ring.
她搜遍了整個(gè)房間還是找不到丟失的戒指。
特別提示
注意go還可以用作連系動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：go bad“變質(zhì)”;go hungry“挨餓”;go mad“發(fā)瘋”。
2.make fun of
例句集錦
They made fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
他們?nèi)⌒λ驗(yàn)樗┲绱斯之惖囊路?/p>
Please don’t make fun of me when I am not feeling well.
我心情不好時(shí)請(qǐng)不要跟我開(kāi)玩笑。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）make use of利用=make the best of
To make as much use of the land as possible,two or more crops are planted each year where possible.
為了充分利用土地，在有條件的地方，每年種植兩季以上的莊稼。
Skilled artists make use of all the richness of the spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.
技藝高超的藝術(shù)家利用豐富多彩的口語(yǔ)，創(chuàng)造出連綿不絕的樂(lè)趣。
You should make use of this chance.
你應(yīng)該好好利用這次機(jī)會(huì)。
（2）make sure of弄準(zhǔn)確
Will you make sure of his return?
=Will you make sure that he returned?
請(qǐng)你查明他是否真的回來(lái)了，好嗎？
3.look on...as
例句集錦
I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!
我決定把整個(gè)事件看成一個(gè)大笑話。
I look on her as a promising pianist.
我認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)很有前途的鋼琴家。
Do you look on him as an authority on the subject?
你認(rèn)為他是這方面的權(quán)威嗎？
相關(guān)歸納
（1）look on旁觀
Two men were fighting while people looked on.
兩個(gè)人在打架，但大家都袖手旁觀。
（2）look forward to希望；盼望（to為介詞）
They were looking forward to the summer vacation.
他們正盼望著暑假來(lái)臨。
I’m looking forward to seeing you.我盼望見(jiàn)到你。
（3）look into往里看；調(diào)查
When I returned,he was looking into the room.
我回來(lái)時(shí)他正在往房間里看。
The committee is looking into the cause of the accident.
委員會(huì)正在調(diào)查這次事故的原因。
（4）look over瞭望；越過(guò)……看；檢查
A strange man was looking over the wall.
一個(gè)陌生人正在向圍墻里面瞭望。
The secretary looked over the letters quickly.
那秘書(shū)很快地把那些信檢查了一遍。
（5）look through瀏覽；審查
I looked through several magazines in the beauty shop.
我在美容院翻閱了幾本雜志。
I have to look through my notebooks for the exam.
為了考試我必須把筆記復(fù)習(xí)一遍。
特別提示
同義詞組：think of...as...；regard...as...；treat...as...
4.stand for
例句集錦
“G”stands for“genetically”from the word“genes”.
G代表“基因”，源自“genes”一詞。
GNP stands for gross national product.
GNP代表國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）stand alone孤立；卓越
She stands alone among her classmates.
她同班同學(xué)中沒(méi)有人能跟她相比。
（2）stand by 站在一邊；旁觀；支持
Please remember I’ll stand by you whatever happens.
請(qǐng)記住，無(wú)論如何，我都會(huì)擁護(hù)你。
（3）stand out突出；引人注目；杰出
The hat stood out because of its strange shape.
那頂帽子因造型奇特而引人注目。
They were all attractive,but she stood out from the others.
她們都很迷人，但是她比其他人更有魅力。
特別提示
此處的“代表”為“表示……意思”。如要表示“代表某人做某事”要使用on behalf of。
●必背句型
1.并列和伴隨
教材原句
（1）并列謂語(yǔ)
He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.
他收集信息加以研究，進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)民的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
I cycled in front of him, got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his car so that he couldn’t drive off.
我騎到他前面，下了車(chē)，把車(chē)放在汽車(chē)前面，讓他無(wú)法走開(kāi)。
The way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.
人的站姿、抱臂方式和手勢(shì)也會(huì)告訴我們他或她的想法。
Visitors can also learn about coral and sharks at Dolphin University, look at the winged beauties in the Butterfly House, or admire the two giant pandas.
游客可以在海豚大學(xué)了解珊瑚和鯊魚(yú)，在蝴蝶館看這些帶翅膀的美麗生物，還能觀賞大熊貓（安安和佳佳）。
（2）并列狀語(yǔ)
We can use a smile to apologize,to greet someone,to ask for help or to start a conversation.
我們可以利用微笑來(lái)道歉，打招呼，求助和搭話。
The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.
表演者通過(guò)取笑別人的穿著方式、講述有趣的故事，引我們發(fā)笑。
（3）并列主語(yǔ)
You can feel what it is like to live in space,walk on the ocean floor or ski with polar bears at the North Pole.
你可以體驗(yàn)太空生活、洋底走路、與北極熊一起滑雪。
（4）伴隨狀語(yǔ)
A few minutes later everybody is quiet,listening and thinking about the comedians’ words.
過(guò)了幾分鐘，大家都靜下來(lái)，聽(tīng)著臺(tái)詞陷入沉思。
Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment.
許多人來(lái)到主題公園尋求刺激和娛樂(lè)。
特別提示
并列成分表示幾個(gè)動(dòng)作接連發(fā)生，有先后順序，并列成分的形式要一致；伴隨狀語(yǔ)則表示伴隨動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
補(bǔ)充例句
Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods.
突然一個(gè)駕著金黃色馬車(chē)的高個(gè)子男人抓住那個(gè)女孩，把她帶走，消失在樹(shù)林中。（第一處為并列謂語(yǔ)，第二處為伴隨狀語(yǔ)）
She set out soon after dark and arrived home an hour later.
天一黑她就動(dòng)身了并在一小時(shí)后到家。（并列謂語(yǔ)）
The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
來(lái)訪的部長(zhǎng)對(duì)他的會(huì)談表示滿意，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他在這里很愉快。（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）
On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,bought some bananas and visited her cousin.
星期六下午，格林太太到市場(chǎng)，買(mǎi)了些香蕉，然后又看望了她表妹。（并列謂語(yǔ)）
2.not...but...與not only...but also...
教材原句
（1）The roots of the vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.
蔬菜的根系不是種在泥土里，而是懸浮在含有生長(zhǎng)所需的各種營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的水里。
Many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.
許多蔬菜不是種植在菜園里，而是生長(zhǎng)在溫室里。
（2）Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.
糧食生產(chǎn)固然重要，環(huán)保也很重要。
特別提示
not...but...表示“不是……而是……”的意思；not only...but also...的意思為“不僅……而且……”，當(dāng)not only 位于句首時(shí)，該句應(yīng)該使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。當(dāng)not...but...和not only...but also...連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂一致遵循就近一致的原則。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）She drives not carefully but slowly.
她開(kāi)車(chē)不夠仔細(xì)，但開(kāi)得很慢。
He doesn’t ski but skates.
他不會(huì)滑雪但會(huì)溜冰。
He went not to help his father but to borrow money from him.
他不是去幫父親的忙而是去向父親借錢(qián)。
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work.
他考試不及格不是因?yàn)樗宦斆鞫且驗(yàn)樗挥霉Α?/p>
（2）Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
不僅老師自己對(duì)足球感興趣而且他所有的學(xué)生也開(kāi)始對(duì)足球感興趣了。
Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
踢足球不僅能使我們強(qiáng)壯，而且還能培養(yǎng)我們公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)。
疑難突破
1.way,method,means
way可指一般的方法，也可指?jìng)�(gè)人的或特殊的方法或方式。如：生活方式way of life。另外，當(dāng)way作為先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以是in which也可以是that，也可以不用引導(dǎo)詞。常用短語(yǔ)：in this way用這種方式；by the way順便說(shuō)；in a way在某種程度上；in no way決不；in the way妨礙某人；lose one’s way迷路；on the/one’s way在路上；make one’s way前進(jìn)。
method指理論的或系統(tǒng)的方法。
means指具體的“方法、手段、工具”，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。常用短語(yǔ)：by this means用這種方式；by all means無(wú)論如何；by means of以……方式；by no means一點(diǎn)也不。
應(yīng)用
（1）I think this is the best ______ to deal with the waste.
（2）Now teaching the text is done in a very lively ______ in English classes.
（3）He introduced the Western ______ of teaching in class.
（4）Follow her ______ of cooking.
（5）Every possible ______ has/ All possible ______ have been adopted.
答案：（1）way （2）way （3）method （4）method （5）means;means
2.create,invent,discover,find,find out
create主要意思是“創(chuàng)造”，即產(chǎn)生出新的東西，其對(duì)象往往是精神上的，如藝術(shù)、文學(xué)作品中的人物以及新的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域等，也可創(chuàng)造出新的具體事物。名詞：creation創(chuàng)造；creator 創(chuàng)造者。
invent 主要意思是“發(fā)明”，也是產(chǎn)生出前所未有的東西，但其對(duì)象往往是物質(zhì)性的。名詞：invention發(fā)明；inventor發(fā)明者。
discover 主要意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，其對(duì)象是一直存在但以往未被人們了解的東西，如元素、地域或客觀規(guī)律等。名詞：discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；discoverer發(fā)現(xiàn)者。
find主要指發(fā)現(xiàn)、找到丟失的東西或人；“發(fā)現(xiàn)；看到；感到”。
find out “查明真相；弄清”，同義詞為make sure。
應(yīng)用
（1）The idea that God ______ the world is wrong.
（2）Thomas Edison______ the first small electric lamp.
（3）They never ______ how to open the box.
（4）I was surprised when I ______ you in the bus.
（5）Did you ______ the book you lost?
（6）Please ______ who broke into the house last night.
答案：（1）created （2）invented （3）discovered （4）found （5）find （6）find out
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，28）We asked John and Jerry,but ______ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.
A.either B.none C.both D.neither
剖析：本題考查代詞的用法。前一句話已經(jīng)說(shuō)明了John and Jerry兩個(gè)人，可據(jù)此排除表示三者的代詞none；but為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，所以后面應(yīng)該使用表示否定意思的詞。
答案：D
【例2】 （2005年春季北京，31）I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.______?
A.Has it all been finished B.Was it all finished
C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finish
剖析：本題根據(jù)語(yǔ)境考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。第一句話說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在的情況，只有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)才能強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果。從邏輯關(guān)系分析，此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“咖啡都（被）喝了嗎？”的意思。
答案：A
【例3】 （2004年上海,41）______ snacks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A.Not only they brought B.Not only did they bring
C.Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring
剖析：本題考查倒裝句的用法。當(dāng)not only位于句首時(shí)，其所引導(dǎo)的句子應(yīng)該使用疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序。
答案：B
【例4】 （2004年廣西,29）When we plan our vacation,mother often offers______ suggestions.
A.careful B.practical C.effective D.acceptable
剖析：本題考查形容詞的辨析。從句子的語(yǔ)境分析，此處用practical。本句話的意思為“每當(dāng)我們作假期計(jì)劃時(shí)，媽媽總是給我們提出很實(shí)際的建議”。
答案：B