知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 unfair customer *avoid suitcase manage fold *vary crazy part firm handshake bow fist bend tap gently anger useless occur *focus *specific amusement *souvenir attraction collection castle *minority cartoon *thrill educate *conservation coastal divide *section *shuttle butterfly injury rocket helicopter carve achievement *civilization prevent handbag *twist darkness imagination designer endless
詞組 ahead of give sb.a hand get through tear down hold up make a face in order cut off tell the truth take turns stare at * a variety of
語法 v.-ing 作主語、賓語、表語和狀語
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.manage
例句集錦
v.
（1）He is managing the business for his father.
他在代他父親做生意。
The company was badly managed.
這家公司經(jīng)營不善。
（2）He couldn’t manage his horse,and it threw him to the ground.
他駕馭不了他的馬，馬把他摔在地上了。
He managed to organize a live concert.
=He succeeded in organizing a live concert.
他設(shè)法組織了一次現(xiàn)場直播的音樂會(huì)。
It’s heavy,but I can manage（to carry it）.
這東西很沉，但我能設(shè)法搬走。
（3）I have to manage with 10 dollars till payday.
我得用10塊錢支撐到發(fā)薪日。
Can you manage another cake?
你還能再吃個(gè)蛋糕嗎？
用法歸納
*manage用作動(dòng)詞，主要義項(xiàng)有：經(jīng)營；管理（同義詞：operate）；操縱；對(duì)付；設(shè)法做成；設(shè)法維持。名詞：management 經(jīng)營；管理；處理操作 manager經(jīng)理。
特別提示
注意比較：manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.設(shè)法做成某事；try to do sth.表示盡力做某事，但不知道最終的結(jié)果；try doing sth.試圖做某事；attempt to do盡力做。
2.occur
例句集錦
vi.
（1）It is said that the accident occurred at midnight.
據(jù)說那次車禍?zhǔn)巧钜拱l(fā)生的。
He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
他得出結(jié)論日光在不同季節(jié)長短不同，鳥體內(nèi)由此出現(xiàn)不同的變化。
（2）短語occur to sb.的意思為come into sb’s mind 想起；想到
An idea has occurred to me.
我想到了一個(gè)主意。
也可以使用句型：It occurs to sb.that...
It occurred to me that we should go there more often.
我想到我們應(yīng)該更經(jīng)常地到那里去。
（3）Three misprints occur on the first page.
第一頁有三個(gè)地方印錯(cuò)。
用法歸納
*occur用作不及物動(dòng)詞，主要有以下義項(xiàng)：發(fā)生；（念頭、想法等）想起；浮現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)；存在。
特別提示
下列動(dòng)詞或短語都有“發(fā)生”的意思，并且都是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)：happen,take place,break out,come about。
3.prevent
例句集錦
v.
（1）We should do our best to prevent accidents.
我們應(yīng)該盡力防止事故發(fā)生。
（2）However,some psychologists warn that too much study can prevent a child from developing normally.
然而心理學(xué)家警告說學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)太重會(huì)阻止孩子正常發(fā)育。
In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping.
同樣的道理，大氣層中的多種氣體可以捕捉太陽產(chǎn)生的熱量，并阻止它擴(kuò)散。
Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.
他們敏捷的行動(dòng)阻止了火勢(shì)的蔓延。
Her sudden arrival prevented him（from）going out.
她突然來到使他不能外出。
用法歸納
*prevent用作動(dòng)詞，表示“妨礙；阻礙；防止；預(yù)防”的意思。其常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：prevent sth.和prevent sb.（from）doing sth.。
特別提示
下列動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)相同：prevent...from...;stop...from...;keep...from...。但是keep...from...中的from不能省略。短語keep...doing的意思為“使某人一直做”。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，以上短語中的介詞from都不能省略。
4.avoid
例句集錦
vi.
（1）Fortunately,we were able to avoid an accident.
我們幸而逃過了一場災(zāi)難。
The car turned to the left to avoid a collision.
那輛車子為避免沖撞而左轉(zhuǎn)。
（2）I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.
我盡量避免遇見他，因?yàn)樗偸鞘刮覅挓?/p>
用法歸納
*avoid用作及物動(dòng)詞，主要義項(xiàng)有：逃避；避免；回避。可以跟名詞、代詞或v.-ing形式作賓語。avoidable adj. 可避免的； avoidance n. 逃避；回避
特別提示
注意比較：fail to do sth.沒有（沒能）做成某事。e.g.Never fail to write to me.千萬別忘了給我寫信。miss doing 錯(cuò)過做……；躲過。e.g.I missed buying the May number of the magazine.我沒買到五月份的雜志。escape doing 逃離（災(zāi)難）。e.g.He escaped being punished.他逃過了懲罰。
●重點(diǎn)短語
1.take turns
例句集錦
We take turns at cooking.我們輪流做飯。
Mary and Helen took turns at sitting up with their sick mother.
瑪麗和海倫輪流熬夜陪伴她們生病的母親。
We took turns at driving the car.
我們輪流開車。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）by turns 輪流=take turns at doing sth.
She went hot and cold by turns.
她一會(huì)冷一會(huì)熱。
They laughed and cried by turns.
他們一會(huì)哭一會(huì)笑。
（2）It’s one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事
It’s your turn to sing.
該輪到你唱歌了。
It’s my turn to drive next.
下回該輪到我開車了。
（3）in turn（s）輪流；依次；按順序
They sang on the stage in turn.
他們輪流在舞臺(tái)上唱歌。
（4）on the turn在轉(zhuǎn)變
Their opinions are on the turn.
他們的看法開始轉(zhuǎn)變。
（5）out of turn不按順序；次序混亂
Please don’t speak out of turn.
請(qǐng)按順序講話。
（6）serve one’s turn適合自己的需要
I think this book will serve my turn.
我認(rèn)為這本書會(huì)適合我的需要。
特別提示
注意以上短語中turn的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.get through
例句集錦
（1）（=go through）The Bill didn’t go through.
這項(xiàng)議案未被通過。
Tom failed but his sister got through.
湯姆考試不及格但他妹妹及格了。
（2）A smile can help us get through difficult situations.
一個(gè)微笑可以使我們擺脫困境。
（3）I called all day yesterday,but I couldn’t get through（to you）.
昨天我打了一天電話，但是都沒有辦法打通（聯(lián)絡(luò)到你）。
（4）He has got through all his money.
他的錢都花光了。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）get across 過……的時(shí)候（不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）；與……溝通
The bridge fell down just after we got across（it）.
我們剛過去橋，橋就塌了。
I just can’t get across to him.
我無法和他溝通。
（2）get along 設(shè)法度過；相處（和with連用）；進(jìn)展（和with連用）
We’ll get along without that much money somehow.
即使沒有那么多的錢，我們也能設(shè)法過日子。
How are you getting along with your new girlfriend?
你和新女友相處如何？
How are you getting along with your work?
你的工作進(jìn)展如何？
（3）get away離開
I’m afraid I can’t get away from the meeting.
我恐怕難以從會(huì)議上脫身。
（4）get down 下來
The kitten climbed the tree and couldn’t get down.
那只小貓爬上樹但下不來了。
（5）get down to 開始做（to為介詞）
He got down to business immediately he sat at the desk.
他一坐下就開始工作。
特別提示
（1）go through with／get through（with）= finish；（2）go through和get through在表示“通過”時(shí)，不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
3.hold up
例句集錦
（1）I held up my hand to show that I had a question.
我舉手表示有問題。
（2）The travelers were held up by bandits.
游客們?cè)獾酵练藫尳佟?/p>
（3）We were help up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam.
我們?cè)谇巴鶛C(jī)場的路上因堵車而延誤了登機(jī)時(shí)間。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）hold back縮回；制止；隱瞞
Hold your head back.把頭縮回去。
They must do something to hold back rushing fans.
他們必須想法擋住蜂擁而來的慕名者。
You must be holding something back from me.
你一定對(duì)我隱瞞著什么。
（2）hold off 使……保持距離；拖延
She hates children and tries to hold them off.
她討厭小孩，總是想法遠(yuǎn)離他們。
Hold off for a minute.延緩一分鐘。
（3）hold on繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持；不掛斷（電話）；固定
The storm held on all night.
暴風(fēng)雨持續(xù)了一夜。
How much longer can we hold on?
我們能再堅(jiān)持多久？
Hold on a minute.等一會(huì)兒（別掛斷）。
（4）hold on to 抓��；執(zhí)著于；固守
The little girl held on to the tail of his coat.
那小女孩抓住他外套的下擺。
（5）hold out 伸出；維持
The lady held out her hand to him.
那女士向他伸出了手。
Our food supplies won’t hold out long.（=last）
我們的食品存量維持不了多久。
（6）catch/get/lay/seize/take hold of抓住
He was caught hold of by the arm.
他的手腕被抓住。
●必背句型
1.as to 的句型結(jié)構(gòu)
教材原句
There are also differences as to how often we touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.
至于身體接觸的頻率、談話雙方站立的距離、見面和告別的動(dòng)作也有差別。
特別提示
（1）比較as to和so as to的區(qū)別。so as to 后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式，相當(dāng)于in order to，表示“為了……”的意思。（2）as to后面跟名詞、短語和從句，在wh－從句、短語前的as to�？墒÷浴�
補(bǔ)充例句
As to money,he is indifferent.
至于錢，他漠不關(guān)心。
She was at a loss（as to）how to explain it.
她全然不知道該如何說明這件事。
I enjoy going to the movies.But as to/as for the theater,I prefer staying at home.
我喜歡看電影，但至于看戲，我寧愿留在家里。
3.than+副詞／過去分詞的省略句型結(jié)構(gòu)
教材原句
Today rides are wilder and scarier than ever.
如今乘車兜風(fēng)比以前更加瘋狂，更加可怕了。
補(bǔ)充例句
You’ll soon speak English much better than ever.
你的英語不久就會(huì)比以前講得更好。
We had a bigger crop last year than ever.
我們?nèi)ツ甑氖粘杀韧甓己谩?/p>
They arrived earlier than usual.
他們比通常來得早。
He arrived three hours later than expected.
他比預(yù)期的晚來了三個(gè)小時(shí)。
疑難突破
1.divide,separate
divide vi. & vt.分開；分成……份。常構(gòu)成短語：divide...into...“把……分成幾份”；divide up分開。
separate v.分離；分手；隔開。常構(gòu)成短語：separate...from...“把……和……分開”。adj. 分開的；各自的
應(yīng)用
（1）He ______ the apple into half.
（2）He ______ the profits with his partners.
（3）She ______ her spare time between reading books and walking.
（4）We talked until midnight and then ______.
（5）As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.
（6）England is ______ from France by the Channel.
（7）He decided to ______ the large house into flats.
答案：（1）divided （2）divided （3）divided （4）separated （5）separated （6）separated （7）divide
2.injure/harm/wound/hurt
四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“受傷”的意思,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。
injure意義較廣，著重指偶然事故對(duì)人的“損害”。be slightly/seriously/badly injured受傷很輕／很嚴(yán)重／很重。injury n.
harm 可用于動(dòng)詞和名詞，“傷害；危害”指精神上或物質(zhì)上的危害；對(duì)……有害。短語：do harm to sb./do sb.harm對(duì)某人有危害
wound可用于動(dòng)詞和名詞。主要指暴力或戰(zhàn)爭中時(shí)所受的傷，如刀傷、槍傷。也可用于對(duì)人的感情、名譽(yù)等的傷害。
hurt 主要用于有生命的東西，多指肉體方面的傷害，常伴有痛感。作借喻時(shí)指對(duì)精神或感情方面的傷害。
應(yīng)用
（1）Tom fell down from the tree and ______ his legs.
（2）Smoking will ______ your health.
（3）She’s afraid that he would ______ the child.
（4）I ______ my eyes by reading in dim light.
（5）He got ______ in the war.
（6）He fell off the bike and ______ his arm.
（7）He didn’t want to ______ her feelings.
答案：（1）injured/hurt （2）harm （3）harm （4）harmed （5）wounded （6）hurt （7）hurt
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，34）______ with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A.To face B.Having faced C.Faced D.Facing
剖析：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。表示“面對(duì)……”可以使用face sth.，也可以使用be faced with sth.。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年重慶,32）The most important thing about cotton in history is ______ part that it played in ______ Industrial Revolution.
A./；/ B.the；/ C.the;the D.a;the
剖析：本題考查冠詞的用法。從句子的意思分析，第一處后面有定語從句修飾，表示特指，第二處為多個(gè)詞表示的專有名詞，所以都使用定冠詞。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年上海,25）The accident is reported to have occurred ______ the first Sunday in February.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
剖析：本題考查介詞的用法。表示特指某一天時(shí)，應(yīng)該在該詞前面使用介詞on。
答案：B
【例4】 （2004年江蘇,27）Tom owns ______larger collection of ______ books than any other student in our class.
A.the;/ B.a;/ C.a;the D./;the
剖析：本題考查冠詞的用法。短語a large collection of “大量”的意思。第二處泛指書，不使用冠詞。
答案：B