一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)

要求學(xué)生掌握狀語(yǔ)從句的種類, 在句中的句法功能以及狀語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別。

二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)

狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞, where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句, 時(shí)態(tài)一致性問(wèn)題。

三、教學(xué)方法

1．狀語(yǔ)從句在句中起副詞作用, 所以又叫副詞從句。

狀語(yǔ)分為：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、比較、方式、目的、結(jié)果, 既然有這么多種狀語(yǔ), 也就有這么多種狀語(yǔ)從句, 請(qǐng)想出相應(yīng)的例子來(lái)：

2．下面咱們分類討論一下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)從句。先看時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的有：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…。

這里有幾個(gè)要注意的問(wèn)題。首先：while引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。如：While I was sitting there, he told me an interesting story．其次, since引導(dǎo)的從句用過(guò)去時(shí), 主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。第三, as soon as, no sooner…than, hardly…when引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 had done。

3．“as”是什么意思？

4．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還有幾個(gè)特殊的引導(dǎo)詞。

如：every time, each time, the moment

A．Every time I saw him, I would like to listen to his songs.

B．I came to the house the moment he was about to leave.

5．Yes, we can say it is an adverbial clause introduced by when or while. Some parts are omitted.“When looked into…”refers to“When I looked…”“While listening to…”refers to“While I was listening to…”

6．Now let's talk about the adverbial of place, “where, wherever”can introduce the clause. For instance. Where there is water, there are living things.

Wherever they went, they were warmly welcomed.

他們所到之處都受到了熱烈的歡迎。

7．這道題只能選擇A, where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句, 意思為：在有座山的地方兩條河相遇。至于B項(xiàng)at the place可以做主句的狀語(yǔ), 但它與后半部分毫無(wú)關(guān)系。如果在place后加上where就可以了, 也就是at the place where, 這樣where引導(dǎo)的為定語(yǔ)從句。

8．介詞+which代替where只有是定語(yǔ)從句情況下才可以, 判斷是否是定語(yǔ)從句, 要看從句前是否有先行詞, 有先行詞的是定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)可以用介詞+which代替where。如果沒(méi)有先行詞的話，則不能用介詞+ which代替，再看幾個(gè)句子：

A．Shall we have a party where we met last Sunday?

B．Have you been to the island where there are many monkeys?

C．Please put all these books where they used to be.

D．We will go where we are needed most.

請(qǐng)你判斷一下哪個(gè)是定語(yǔ)從句, 哪個(gè)是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

9．引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有哪些？

10．除去這兩個(gè)詞外, 還有：

so（as）long as（只要……）provided…providing…

supposing…on condition that…

如：

So long as we work hard, we are sure to make much progress.

Supposing we can't get him informed in advance, what should we do?

要是我們不能提前通知他，那該怎么辦呢？

I'll come provided I am well enough.

只要我完全恢復(fù)，就來(lái)。

11．So much for the adverbial clause of condition. Now let's come to the adverbial clause of reason. What words can introduce this kind of clause?

12．for引導(dǎo)的句子不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，它連接的兩句前后是并列關(guān)系, 不是主從關(guān)系, for所陳述的原因是間接的，常常是推測(cè)性的。如：

The electric current must have been turned off, for the light went out.

for不能放在句首, 只能放在句中。

請(qǐng)翻譯下列各句：

A．他想必是從這條路過(guò)去的, 因?yàn)檫@里有腳印。

B．是因?yàn)樗�病�? 他才沒(méi)來(lái)辦公室嗎？

13．你回答得很正確。since常用以述說(shuō)推斷的理由, 常放在句首。如：

Since his method doesn't work, let's try yours.

既然他的方法不行, 我們就試試你的吧。

as放在句首或句中, 口語(yǔ)里有時(shí)把a(bǔ)s省掉。

Let's take a rest. I am tired = As I am tired, let's take a rest.

由于我累了, 咱們休息吧！

14．Now let's do some exercises.

Please fill in the blanks with because, since, as or for.

A．The light went out, ____ the electric current was turned off.

B． ____ everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.

C．I cannot go, ____ I am busy.

15．The adverbial clause of concession

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

請(qǐng)說(shuō)出引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

16．even if與even though有區(qū)別：even if一般引導(dǎo)的是把握不大或假設(shè)的事情, even though引出的是事實(shí)。

如：Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.

即使我們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉昧司薮蟪煽?jī)，也不應(yīng)該自滿。

Even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher．雖然他晚了, 可他并沒(méi)有受到老師的批評(píng)。

17．比較狀語(yǔ)從句要記住幾個(gè)句型：

A．…as…. as

B．…er than…

C．the more… the more….

比較狀語(yǔ)從句, 既然它叫從句, that, as 之后就要有主謂成份, 只不過(guò)有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作與前文所述一致, 所以省略了, 但是主語(yǔ)需用主格, 雖然口語(yǔ)中偶爾有用賓格的情況。如：

He is taller than me.

18．目的狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句都由so that… 引導(dǎo), 它們有什么區(qū)別嗎？

19．引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的還有such…that…；引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的還有in order that…, 甚至有時(shí)so that（不分開(kāi)）也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

如：He went early, so that he got a good seat.

值得注意的是 so that 前有一個(gè)“, ”。

20．Now let's discuss the last adverbial clause．方式狀語(yǔ)從句, 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的有as。如：

Let's study as Lenin did.

咱們像列寧那樣學(xué)習(xí)。

as可以引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句, 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 原因狀語(yǔ)從句, 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，比較狀語(yǔ)從句, 還可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 請(qǐng)分別舉出一例。

Students

1．

A．When we came we found they had left.

B．Where there is a will, there is a way.

C．If it is fine tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic.

D．Since everyone is here, let's begin our class.

E．Though it was very late, the workers were continuing their work.

F．The horse is not so weighty as the elephant.

G．The students reviewed the lessons as the teacher told them to.

H．Let's get up early so that we can arrive at the airport on time.

I．They worked there so carefully that they didn't notice I was passing by.

2．till和until的用法也不一般, 它有兩種句型：A…. until（till）主句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 意思是：（動(dòng)作）一直到……

B…. not until… 主句中用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 意思是：直到……才……

例如：

The play went on until the candles went out.

劇一直演到蠟燭熄滅。

We didn't begin our meeting until the chairman came.

我們一直等到主席來(lái)才開(kāi)會(huì)。

3．a(chǎn)s的意思為：一邊……一邊……

如：

We talked as we walked.

我們邊走邊談。

4．Let me say the Chinese meaning of these two sentences.

A．每當(dāng)我看到他, 我就想聽(tīng)他唱歌。

B．他正要離開(kāi), 我到家了。

5．Sometimes I meet with such sentences as:

A．When looked into the room, I found no one.

B．While listening to the radio, I ate my breakfast.

Are these sentences compound sentences with an adverbial clause?

6．我在地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和where定語(yǔ)從句問(wèn)題上有些模糊。比如：

The two rivers meet ____ there is a mount.

A．where

B．a(chǎn)t the place

C．the place at which

D．a(chǎn)t which

A、B、C、D選擇哪一個(gè)呢？

選A為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句, 由where引導(dǎo), 選B, at the place在主句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 選D at which代替where, 所以我想都有道理。

7．C項(xiàng)是否缺介詞at, 如果缺少這個(gè)介詞, 后半部分與前半部分脫離關(guān)系。D項(xiàng)which指代不清。

8．A是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句, party不是where 從句的先行詞, 因?yàn)閜arty與where毫無(wú)關(guān)系, where不能用at which代替。B中where從句是定語(yǔ)從句，island是where從句的先行詞，where可以用on which代替，on the island there are many monkeys 意思很明確。C句中where從句是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，books與where沒(méi)有關(guān)系，不能用介詞+ which代替where。D中where從句是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，where 之前根本沒(méi)有名詞。

9．if和 unless。如：

If it is fine tomorrow, we'll go camping.

Unless he writes me back, I'll not write him again.

10．

這些詞不能引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句, 在這些條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞中只有if可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

11．I think“because, since, as, now that”can.

Here are some sentences:

A．Because it was getting dark, we hurried.

B．As I knew he was ill, I didn't call.

C．Since his method doesn't work, let's try yours.

老師：for引導(dǎo)的句子是原因狀語(yǔ)從句嗎？

12．

A．He must have passed this way, for here are the footprints.

B．Was it because he was ill that he didn't come to office?

那么, as, since和because有什么區(qū)別呢？是不是要從它們表示原因的強(qiáng)弱程度上加以考慮？強(qiáng)弱程度是不是這樣？because最強(qiáng)since次之, as最弱。

13．看來(lái), as語(yǔ)氣很弱, 甚至可以省掉, since表示前后推理關(guān)系, 與now that 意思相似。如：

Now that you are well again, you can go on with your work.

既然你已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了, 你可以繼續(xù)你的工作了。

because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)烈。在回答why問(wèn)題或在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中必須用because。

14．

A．because, 斷電是燈滅的直接原因。

B．Since, 既然人都來(lái)了, 咱們就開(kāi)會(huì)吧。前后是推理關(guān)系。

C．a(chǎn)s, 我不能去, 由于太忙。

15．引導(dǎo)詞有though, although, even though, even if, no matter what（who, whom, where, when, which）, whatever, whoever, as…even if和even though 有區(qū)別嗎？

16．我想, whether…or 引導(dǎo)的也是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Whether he comes or not, we'll have a party tonight.

無(wú)論他是否來(lái), 今晚我們將開(kāi)個(gè)晚會(huì)。

17．a(chǎn)s, than… 引導(dǎo)的都是從句, 原來(lái)我以為它們是介詞, 后邊跟名詞或代詞, 但現(xiàn)在我明白了, 它們后面跟的是省略了的句子。如：

He runs faster than I（do）.

比較狀語(yǔ)從句是否要注意比較的兩個(gè)事物或人應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)等, 否則就沒(méi)有比較的意義了？

18．so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句形式是不同的。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that不能分開(kāi), 而引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so與 that之間要插入形容詞或副詞。

如：We got up early so that we could arrive at the town on time．（目的狀語(yǔ)）

We got up so early that we arrived at the town on time．（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）

19．so that… 引導(dǎo)的究竟是目的狀語(yǔ)從句還是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句要看“，”，有逗號(hào)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句, 沒(méi)逗號(hào)的是目的狀語(yǔ)從句。另外，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是一個(gè)事實(shí)。如：He worked hard, so that he made much progress．而目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有can, may之類的詞。

20．

A．Please fly the kite as the teacher does．（方式狀語(yǔ)從句）

B．Child as he is, he knows a lot. （讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）

C．He didn't come to the meeting; as he didn't receive the note．（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）

D．They talked and laughed as they ate their dinner．（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）

E．This park is as large as that one．（比較狀語(yǔ)從句）

F．As is known to everyone, the earth is bigger than the moon．（定語(yǔ)從句）

四、精選題

單項(xiàng)選擇：

1．---- Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's?　　　 [　　　 ]

---- No, but it's almost the same as ____ .

A．her 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．yours

C．them　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．their

2．---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?　　 [　　　 ]

---- I'd like to, ____ I'm too busy.

A．a(chǎn)nd 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．so

C．a(chǎn)s　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．but

3．Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ____ father was away in France. 　 [　　　 ]

A．a(chǎn)s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．that

C．during　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．if

4．It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. 　　 [　　　 ]

A．however 　　　　　　　　　　 B．whatever

C．whichever　　　　　　　　　　 D．whenever

5．After the war, a new school building was put up ____ there had once been a theatre. 　　 [　　　 ]

A．that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．where

C．which　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．when

6． ____ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. [　　　 ]

A．However late is he

B．However he is late

C．However is he late

D．However late he is

7．It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 　　 [　　　 ]

A．that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．until

C．before　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．when

8．Why do you want a new job ____ you've got such a good one already?　　 [　　　 ]

A．that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．where

C．which　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．when

9．---- I'm going to the post office. [　　　 ]

---- you're there, can you get me some stamps?

A．As 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．While

C．Because　　　　　　　　　　　 D．If

10． ____ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 　 [　　　 ]

A．Now that 　　　　　　　　　 B．After

C．Although　　　　　　　　　　　 D．As soon as

11．You should make it a rule to leave things ____ you can find them again. [　　　 ]

A．when 　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．where

C．then　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．there

12．We'll have to finish the job ____ . [　　　 ]

A．long it takes however

B．it takes however long

C．long however it takes

D．however long it takes

13．The museum will have to close ____ the government agrees to give extra money. [　　　 ]

A．until 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．if

C．when　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．unless

14． ____ you come today ____ tomorrow, I don't mind at all. 　　 [　　　 ]

A．Neither; nor

B．Both; and

C．Either; or

D．Whether; or

15．The two boys look so much alike ____ no one can tell them apart. [　　　 ]

A．a(chǎn)nd 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．so

C．that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．so that

16．We had not gone far ____ we saw a great crowd of people. 　 [　　　 ]

A．before 　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)fter

C．a(chǎn)s soon as　　　　　　　　　　 D．while

17．You can have these magazines ____ I finish reading them. [　　　 ]

A．so that 　　　　　　　　　　　 B．because

C．the moment　　　　　　　　　 D．unless

18． ____ the paper, it seems to write itself.　　 [　　　 ]

A．Starting 　　　　　　　　　　　 B．After starting

C．Having started once　　　 D．Once I start

19．---- Is your engineering project ready? [　　　 ]

---- No, and ____ today, I won't pass the course.

A．unless I get finish 　　　　 B．if I got finishing

C．unless I get finished　　　 D．if I'm not finished

20． ____ the day went on, the weather got worse. [　　　 ]

A．With 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Since

C．While　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．As

填空：

1．He won't believe it ____ he sees it with his own eyes.

2．Trees must be planted ____ there is a lot of sunlight.

3．____ Swede was not good at English, he could understand what you were saying.

4．Do what you think is right, ____ they say.

5．Go back ____ you come from.

6．How long is it ____ I saw you last?

7．You can go out, ____ you promise to be back before eleven.

8．The professor told the students to do ____ he did.

9．No one can be more fit for his office ____ he is.

10． ____ everyone has understood this one, let's change another.

答案：

單項(xiàng)選擇：

1．B　 比較的是 camera, yours = your camera

2．D　 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

3．A　 在……期間

4．B　 要什么給什么

5．B　 where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

6．D　 無(wú)論多晚

7．A　 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

8．D　 當(dāng)你已經(jīng)得到了一份好工作（的時(shí)候）

9．B　 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, 在那兒期間

10．A　 既然你已經(jīng)得到了機(jī)會(huì)

11．B　 where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

12．D　 無(wú)論它花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間

13．D　 除非政府同意多給資金

14．D　 whether…or… 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

15．C　 that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

16．A　 剛走不遠(yuǎn)就看到了一大群人

17．C　 the moment 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

18．D　 一旦開(kāi)始……就似乎……

19．C　 除非搞完否則就……

20．D　 隨著時(shí)間推移, 天氣變壞

填空：

1．until

2．where　 陽(yáng)光充裕的地方

3．Though　 前后為讓步關(guān)系

4．whatever　 無(wú)論他們說(shuō)什么, 都要做你認(rèn)為是正確的事。

5．where　 回到你來(lái)的地方, where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

6．since　 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

7．a(chǎn)s long as　 只要你保證十一點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)……

8．a(chǎn)s as　 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句

9．than　 比較狀語(yǔ)從句

10．Since　 前后為推理關(guān)系, 既然大家都懂這個(gè), 那么咱們換一個(gè)。