主講：邵磊
主審 ：孫德霖
【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】
一、 教學內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 1 （上）
二、教學要求：
1．掌握和校園生活有關的常用單詞、詞組與句型。
2．學會描述校園生活和學校設施。
High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、學習和辛勤勞動的時期
Huge campus and low-rise building 學校面積大，沒有高層建筑。
Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12個實驗室可供不同試驗使用。
Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每個房間都有自己的衛(wèi)生間和英特網(wǎng)接口。
3．學習閱讀技巧：skimming&scanning。
4．語法：定語從句（一）
【知識重點與學習難點】
一、 重要單詞：
access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax
二、重點詞組：
class teacher 班主任 at ease with 和….相處不拘束 school hours學校作息時間 earn respect from 贏得…的尊敬 sound like聽起來象 for free 免費 get a general idea 了解大意 as well as 除….以外, 也 key words 關鍵詞 word by word 逐字逐句地 find one’s way around 認識路 develop an interest in 培養(yǎng)對….的興趣 surf the Internet網(wǎng)上沖浪
【難點講解】
1. What is your dream school life like?
你理想中的學校生活是什么樣子?
這里 dream 表示心目中最理想的. 如 dream team (夢之隊)。
2. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.
去一所英國中學讀書一年對我來說是一次令人愉快和興奮的經(jīng)歷。
Going 在本句里作動名詞，它和后面的to a British high school for one year構(gòu)成動名詞短語作句子的主語。Go to a British high school本來是個動詞詞組，在go 后面加上ing 后，它就具備名詞的特性可以在句子中充當主語、賓語或表語。
動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語，但所表達的意思不同, 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常表示“令人…”、“正在….”;例如exciting news, sleeping dog; 過去分詞則有被動或完成的意思,常表示“感到….的”、“被….的”,例如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart.
3. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.
我對英國學校的作息時間很滿意因為學校大約上午9點開始上課，下午3點半左右放學。
Be happy with=be pleased with, around=about。
4. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.
這意味著我可以晚一小時起床，因為在中國學校8點鐘上課。
as adv.同樣地, 被看作, 象
prep.當做
conj.與...一樣, 當...之時, 象, 因為
本單元多次出現(xiàn)as, 用法各不相同,應注意比較。另外as 還可以構(gòu)成一些常用詞組：as if就好像, as far as就….而言, so as to以便于, as for至于, such as例如，等等。
mean: 意味著, 后面通常加名詞或賓語從句。例如：
The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.
The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.
5. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.
他還告訴我們贏得學校尊敬的最好方法是努力學習并取得好成績。
The best way to do sth is to…..結(jié)構(gòu)用來表達做某事的最好方法是….., 例如:
The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.
6. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這兒的家庭作業(yè)沒有我原來學校的多，但一開始對我有些挑戰(zhàn)性，因為所有作業(yè)都是英語的。
As…..as, 中間加形容詞或副詞,一般要連接兩個相同的句子成分, 請比較下面兩句話:
You hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him).
You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).
Used to 過去常常, 隱含的意思是現(xiàn)在的情況已經(jīng)不同。例如:
She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).
Used to 的否定形式是usedn’t to/ didn’t use to
注意：be used to sth/doing 表示習慣于….
7. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.
當我學著怎樣買菜、洗菜、燒飯時，烹飪真的是一件有趣的事。
fun是名詞,有趣的事情, 副詞really并非修飾它,而是修飾前面的be動詞was
試比較: He is really a funny guy. 和 He is a really funny guy.這兩句意思雖然相同, 但really修飾的對象不同,因此說話的側(cè)重點也不同。
8. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.
就像你在文章中提到的那樣，我的確喜歡在飯后吃甜食。
Do、did在陳述句中，用在動詞前表示強調(diào)，可譯作的確、確實。
9. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.
完成學業(yè)之后，他開始在中國旅行。
介詞upon/ on加doing相當于帶as soon as 的時間狀語從句。
Upon finishing his study＝As soon as he finished his study
10. Former student return from China
一位校友重中國歸來
former, past, old 雖然都和過去有關，但 側(cè)重點不同。 former：“過去曾經(jīng)是...的、 前任….”, past: “過去的” old“老的、從前的”。例如: former president前總統(tǒng)，past experience以往的經(jīng)驗，my old school我的母校。
11. earn, achieve和gain
這三個單詞的基本意思都是“get”但含義不盡相同, earn ：get as the reward of work（掙，得到…作為工作的回報）, achieve ：get what you want by effort(成就,通過努力達到某個目標), gain和“get”的用法最接近，它對得到的方法和內(nèi)容都沒有具體要求。常見搭配:
earn money/ a living/ one’s respect/ one’s bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand( 占上風)/ ground(取得進步).
【語法】
定語從句(1)
用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。定語從句的作用和作定語的形容詞、介詞詞組、分詞詞組相似，有時可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：金發(fā)女孩可譯作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定語從句通常由關系代詞that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或關系副詞when/ where/ why引導，這些詞既指代主句中要說明的名詞或代詞, 又充當從句中的某個句子成分。請看例句：
1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行詞person,在從句中作主 語)
2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在從句中作賓 語, 所以常用代詞who的賓格形式).
3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (關系代詞that指代weak nation，在從句中作表語)
4.The school whose floor space is very limited can’t take in one more student. (關系代詞whose指代the school’s ，從句中作floor space的定語)
5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (關系副詞where指代主句中的地點狀語gym 在從句中作狀語)
【閱讀技巧】
Skimming & Scanning
Skimming略讀，skim原意是輕輕掠過表面，作為閱讀技巧是指通過瀏覽文章標題，主題句，插圖和圖表等方法了解文章的大意。 Skan, 本意是掃描，這里指用眼光快速掃視書報等材料尋找我們想要的信息。他們的區(qū)別在于Skimming是為了了解文章的大意,而Scanning是為了尋找某些具體信息。Skimming & Scanning都是快速閱讀的重要策略，也是信息時代我們必備的技能。尤其是在閱讀英語時，注重練習Skimming & Scanning可以幫助克服逐字逐句的閱讀習慣（如finger-point reading, lip reading），提高閱讀速度。
【補充閱讀】
閱讀這篇文章,根據(jù)中文提示和上下文寫出所缺的單詞:
My School Day
I leave home at 6:45 and walk 20 minutes to ______(趕) a bus to school. The bus is a special one just for kids going to my school. The _______(路程) on the bus takes an hour because it has to keep stopping to pick up other students along the way.
When I arrive at school, I______(領取) my Tablet PC from the Flexi (Flexiable Learning Centre). Then I go to my Tutor Room for Registration at 8:30. We listen to announcements to see what special things are happening at school today or this week.
At about 8:50 we leave Tutor Room to go to our First Period. Every day I have a different Lesson the first period. Normally it is Humanities but I also have Maths, Drama and Music, and French on the other days. Each period lasts an hour.
All my lessons are in different rooms and places around the school. Each Room either has a three_____(位) number or a name. The numbers are very hard to remember!. I have different teachers for each lesson. I have a _______(存物柜) where I can store some of my stuff but otherwise I have to carry it all around with my in my bags.
Swipe Cards
Every Student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every lesson to let the school know that we have _____(參加) that certain lesson and to know where we are in case of emergencies.
On the Swipe Card there are two stripes, a black and a brown. The brown is to swipe into lessons and the black is to get into the toilets and buildings.
We can put money on our Swipe cards instead of carrying cash around. When we want to pay for snacks at the Tuck Shop or canteen we just hand over our cards and they deduct the money.
Subjects
Maths, English Science ICT
Drama Music Art PE
Humanities (History, Geography, and Religion) French or Spanish
Time Table
9:00 1st Period
10:00 2nd Period
11:00 - 11:20 Break
During break, I have a snack and play and chat with my friends. Usually we play 'IT' a chasing game. Snow ball fight when it snows is dead fun.
11:20 3rd Period
12:30 4th Period
1:30 - 2:10 Lunch
I bring a packed lunch to school but occasionally I have school dinners in the School______(食堂).
2:10 5th Period
3:10 End of School
Sometimes I stay after school for clubs.
Canteen
The Canteen is open at Lunch Time and Break Time. Most hot food is served only at lunch time. Chips are only_______(買的到) on Mondays and Fridays.
【同步練習】
一、 用適當?shù)年P系代詞或關系副詞填空：
1．I still remember the time _______ I first became a high school student.
2. There are many places in London _______ you can buy a cup of coffee.
3. That is the reason _____ he is so keen on school activities.
4. China is a country_______ history can be dated back to 3000 BC.
5. He is driving a car ______ can travel at 150 mile per hour.
6. He has to fly to all the major cities of the world ______ his company has set up offices.
7. The lady _____ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the corner .
8.We are facing the same problem ____ we did years ago.
二、將下列每組句子合成一個帶定語從句的復合句：
1. The anti-Japanese aggression war broke out on July the 7th. It lasted for eight years.
2. On his website we saw some photos. Mr. Lee took these photos in Europe.
3. On the way to school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten up by insects.
4. Shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union. She can meet many international students there.
5. Jane’s father wants her to be a singer. He himself has always wanted to be a singer himself.
參考答案
一、
1. when 2. where/in which 3. why 4. whose 5. which/that 6. where 7. whom/who 8. as
二、
1. The anti-Japanese aggression war which lasted for eight years broke out on July the 7th.
2. On his website we saw some photos which Mr. Lee took in Europe.
3. On the way to school, I saw some trees whose leaves were eaten up by insects.
4. shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union where she can meet many internatioal students.
5. Jane’s father wants her to be the singer that he himself has always wanted to be.
閱讀填空：
catch, journey, collect, digit, locker, attended, canteen, available
牛津高中英語模塊一（第二講）
主講教師：邵磊
主審 孫德霖
【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】
一、教學內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 1 （下）
二、教學要求：
1．掌握和學�；顒佑嘘P的常用單詞、詞組與句型。
2．學會用英語寫通知和海報。
3．語法：定語從句（二）
【知識重點與學習難點】
一、重要單詞：
contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.
二、重點詞組：
refer to 指 , function as當作…使用, 具有….的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相關 , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place發(fā)生, make decision作決定, make comparison作比較, take turns輪流, follow the outline按照綱要, be responsible for對…負責, consist of包含,由…構(gòu)成, come up with想出, base on根據(jù), have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up簽名參加.
【難點講解】
1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.
我必須在一個有課桌椅的地方做家庭作業(yè)。
I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.
我不想在桌椅太小的房間里學習。
第一句里定語從句 that has desks and chairs的關系代詞that指代主句中的名詞room，作從句的主語；第二句里定語從句where desks and chairs are too small的關系副詞where 指代主句中的in a room, 在從句中是地點狀語。試比較：
1） This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.
2） This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.
上一句的beach是北歐人度假的地方，在這個地方是地點狀語，所以用關系副詞where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕櫚樹的是beach，它是從句的主語，所有以用關系代詞that來指代。
2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases instead.
除此之外，我也許會只顧看你爸爸書櫥里的書，而不是去做作業(yè)。
She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.
她將會忙著看報紙雜志而不是做作業(yè)。
“might be reading”，“will be reading”屬于“情態(tài)動詞＋be+doing” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對某個時間正在發(fā)生的事情的預言、推測或期待。例如：
I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作業(yè)時，我早就會躺在床上看我喜愛的足球比賽了。
“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表達完整的意思，“instead of ”則可以在一句話中表達做了和沒做的事情。例如：
1） We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net café instead.
→Instead of going home after school, we went to a net café.
2) Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities.
→Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.
3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.
規(guī)劃是指要進行的活動或要完成任務的計劃。
劃線部分是不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語，表示要做的事情。
4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.
相當于：If you have more choice (條件狀語從句為一般現(xiàn)在時), you will make better decision（主句用將來時）. 你的選擇越多，最后的決定就越好�！癟he+比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組，the+另一個比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組”, 表示“越……就越…..”。
5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.
你的老師收到一位朋友的電子郵件，詢問你們學校圖書館里的一本歷史書。
劃線部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補充說明賓語e-mail 的內(nèi)容。
6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 國際標準圖書編號
ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）國際標準期刊編號
7．make常見的動賓搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、沖咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯錯誤, make trouble惹麻煩, make a suggestion提建議, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼臉, make a decision做決定, make comparasions作比較, make a living謀生, make money掙錢 , make a request提要求, make an application申請。
【寫作】通知和海報
通知是上級對下級、組織對成員或平行單位之間部署工作、傳達事情或召開會議等所使用的應用文。以布告形式貼出，把事情通知有關人員，如學生、觀眾等，通常不用稱呼；通知要求言簡意賅、措辭得當、時間及時。
例一：布告形式的通知：通常此類通知上方正中寫Notice或NOTICE（通知），發(fā)出通知的的單位的具體名稱可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角處，發(fā)出通知的日期寫在左下角處。例如
NOTICE
All mumbers of the students’union are requested to meet in the school conference room on Saturday, Sept18th, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of international culture exchanges with New Zealand high school band.
Sept.14, 2005
海報的形式和媒體沒有特殊要求，它要先用簡明、生動的圖文吸引過往人群的注意力，再以簡潔扼要的文字、圖表介紹你要向公眾發(fā)布的信息。文字部分一般包括主題句或主題詞和條理清楚、簡單明了的內(nèi)容介紹。下面是一個網(wǎng)上海報，供大家參考：
Make a poster explaining a safety rule.
It should give us a good Stay Alert message.
If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery.
Mail you poster to:
Stay Alert ... Stay Safe
P.O. Box 93006,
499 Main St. S.
Brampton, Ontario
L6Y 1N0
【語法】定語從句(2)
1．定語從句中關系代詞that、which 用來指代物，who 、whom和that 用來指代人，whose用來表示所屬關系，關系副詞when、where和 why指代時間、地點和原因。
2．關系代詞的用法
(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All that I have is my love for this land.
There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain.
(2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關系代詞常用that,不用which。例如：
The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.
No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.
(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關系代詞that,作賓語用的關系代詞也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.
(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似。例如：
She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.
(5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。
(6) 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關系代詞應該用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關系代詞應該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
(8)關系代詞that/which/who/whom在從句中作賓語時可以省略。例如：
The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.
Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us.
As在定語從句中的用法
一. 引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
（１）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。
（２）as 也可單獨使用，引導非限制性定語從句，作用相當于which。例如：
The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
二．關系副詞引導的定語從句
1．關系副詞也可以引導定語從句
關系副詞在從句中分別表示時間．地點或原因。關系副詞when在從句中充當時間狀語，where 充當?shù)攸c狀語，why充當原因狀語。例如：
We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.
This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.
2. that有時也可引導定語從句表示時間．地點或原因
That有時可以代替關系副詞 when, where 或者why引導定語從句表示時間．地點或原因，這種定語從句中的that也可以省去。例如：
That is the time(that) he arrives.
That is the reason (that) he came.
【同步練習】
一、 選擇適當?shù)年P系代詞或關系副詞填空：
1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.
A. when B. where C. that D. who
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now.
A．who B．which C．this D．what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price C. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. same
11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. its
12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. It’s how
17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D.I think which is
18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat .
A. who B. that C. what D. whcih
參考答案
一、1-5 DBCCB 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 ADACA 16-18 BAB
牛津高中英語模塊一（第3講）
主講：邵磊
主審 ：孫德霖
【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】
一、 教學內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 2 （上）
二、教學要求：
1．學習談論青少年經(jīng)常遇到的問題 。
2．學會戲劇腳本。
3．了解英語口語和書面語的差別。
4．語法：定語從句（三）
【知識重點與學習難點】
一、 重要單詞：
act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring.
二、重點詞組：
common to對…來說很普遍, turn up調(diào)高聲音, 出現(xiàn) a waste of 浪費, no more不再, spare time空余時間, force….to…強迫（某人）做 , can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要 , be supposed to被期望或要求, 本應該， do with 處置, 忍受， 需要 be a mess/ in a mess亂成一團, leave sb in charge 委托 …..負責, act like行為舉止象 …, go unpunished不受懲罰, go out熄滅, have one’s arm crossed雙臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on對某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以 的形式, than ever before比以前任何時候都, be angry at對某事生氣, even if即使, treat sb like…象 一樣對待 , argue about為 …而爭吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在許多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身。
【難點講解】
1. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.
埃里克跟著球跑進來，后面跟著一條大狗，狗走得很慢。
這句話里有兩個不同層面上的狀語：過去分詞短語“followed by a big dog” 是謂語“runs in”的伴隨狀語，而現(xiàn)在分詞短語“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟隨埃里克進來的行走方式，是動詞“follow”的狀語。
伴隨狀語通常由現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語或介詞短語承當。當伴隨動作由主語發(fā)出時，用現(xiàn)在分詞，當伴隨動作由其他人或物發(fā)出時用過去分詞。例如：
He ran after the thief, shouting angrily.
She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler.
The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand.
2. You weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow.
你們應該明天才回家的。
be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本應該去做。例如;
You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday.
Girls are supposed to behave more quietly in this country.
在肯定句中until 必須和持續(xù)性動詞連用時，在否定句里它主要和短暫性動詞連用也可以和持續(xù)性動詞連用，表示直到某時某個動作才開始。Until 還可以用在強調(diào)句中。Not until 放在句首時，句子要倒裝。例如:
He slept until 8 o’clock.
He didn’t wake up till e8 o’clock.
It was not until 8 o”clock that he woke up.
Not until 8 o’clock did he wake up.
I won’t be free till Friday.
3. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry.
本該用來買狗食的錢不見了，但斑點狗看起來餓得厲害。
“with which you were to buy dog food” 是定語從句, 當關系代詞是介詞賓語時,介詞常放在關系代詞之前。例如:
the village we used to live in→the village in which we used to live
主語＋be動詞+不定式表示“按計劃將要做”，例如;
We are to hold up the enemy while our troups retreat.
The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington.
4. We thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions.
我們原以為你是個成年人，一個我們可以指望他做出正確決定的人。
劃線部分是“an adult” 的同位語， 它 和“an adult”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是對“an adult”含義進一步的說明。這個同位于本身又帶有定語從句from whom we could expect good decisions 。
Expect sth from sb: 期望從某人那里得到或看到某事，例如: You can never expect generosity from a miser.
5. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.
我們家不是一個放縱不良行為的家庭。
根據(jù)上文，this是指 our family。動詞go 后面可以跟形容詞，表示“變得”，例如：
go bad（變質(zhì)）, go dry（變干）, go mad（發(fā)瘋）, go international （國際化）。Go 和一些含否定意義的形容詞連用，則表示“不受……的, 未被…的”,如: go unchallenged, go unnoticed.
His theory has gone unchallenged in the world for half a century.
It’s strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook.
6. If they knew that Spot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet…
假如他們知道Spot得了病, 而我們用那筆錢帶他去看獸醫(yī)的話……..
這句話用的是虛擬語氣, 省略的部分是: they would understand why the money is gone and the house is a mess. 當說話人只表示一種假設的情況、一種主觀愿望，即認為動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非真實時，使用虛擬語氣。表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反時，主句用過去將來時，條件從句用一般過去時。例如:
If I were you, I should wait till next week.
I she saw you now, she wouldn’t recognize you.
7. None of us stopped to think and we should have.
我們本應當停下來想想，而我們都沒有那么做。
Stop to do表示停下來去做另一件事， stop doing則表示停止正在做的事情。 should have
也是一種虛擬語氣，表示過去本應當做的事情。這里完整的句子應該是:
We should have stopped to think, but none of us did.
8. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left?
你現(xiàn)在能向我解釋為什么家里亂成一團，而你又把我們留下的錢拿去干什么了嗎?
Be (in) a mess表示“亂成一團”； do with 表示“處理、處置”常和what 連用，它和deal with 不同，deal with 表示“處理、應付” we left 雖然只有兩個單詞，卻是一個定語從句，它前面省略了作賓語的關系代詞that或which。
【語法】定語從句(3)
一、．“介詞＋關系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) “介詞＋關系代詞“可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句�！敖樵~＋關系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。這類結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句通�？梢院蛶шP系副詞的定語從句互相轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：
This is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
This is a free country in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
(2) from where為“介詞＋關系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導定語從句。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二、關系代詞在定語從句中作主語的補語
能在定語從句中作主語的補語的關系代詞只有that, 這時的that既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如:
When Laura was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the singer (that)she always wanted to be.
Mr. Lee still talks like the man that he was ten years ago.
三、關系代詞as和which 作主語，都可以代表前面整個句子。但由as引導的定語從句可以前置。例如：
He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would.
As he hoped he would, he saw the girl.
As 還可用于the same…..as, such…..as, as……as 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
Such opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary people.
We are facing the same problem as we did years ago.
【英語俗語】
英語俗語,也和其他語言一樣,有許多都是由身體各個部份的名稱組成的。例如：To follow your nose是指"一直走"。另外還有：To play by ear，意思是看著辦。其他還有用hand 和foot這些字組成的習慣用語。
這里我們要向大家介紹由腿，也就是leg這個字組成的習慣用語：
To pull one's leg。To pull one's leg 初看起來好像和中文里的"拉后腿"的意思差不多。但是，千萬不要被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。To pull one's leg的真正意思是逗別人，開別人玩笑的意思。有時候，有的朋友故意講一些話來騙我們，后來才發(fā)現(xiàn)他是在開玩笑。
例如，一個大學生上了同學的當，事后他說：
例句-3: "My roommate said this girl had told him she wouldn't mind going out with me. But when I invited her to a movie, I learned he was just pulling my leg."
這個大學生說："我的同房間同學說，那個女孩愿意和我一起出去玩�？墒�，當我請她去看電影的時候，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我那同學是逗我，開我的玩笑。"
要是這個大學生聰明一點的話,他當時就可以對他的同學說：
例句-4: "Hey, stop pulling my leg, will you! I don't believe that girl really said she likes me and would like me to take her out."
這句話的意思是："喂，你別逗我行不行！我才不信那個女孩真的說了她喜歡我，還要我邀她出去玩。"
和leg這個字有關的俗語里還有一個很有趣的說法,那就是：Break a leg! 從字面上來看，break a leg難道是斷了一條腿？或是倒霉？不是，break a leg的確切意思是祝愿別人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去參加高考，你就可以對他說：Break a leg!
Have green fingers 很會種花種菜
Green thumb就是指那些很會種花種菜的人
All thumbs手腳很笨的人
Jump in and get your feet wet到實踐中去學
A kettle call the pot black 五十步笑百步
A wet blanket 掃興的人或事
【同步練習】
一、 根據(jù)上下文用適當?shù)脑~填空：
WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Birds
By Jill Moss
Today we will(1)_________(解釋) some expressions about birds. For example, if something is "for the birds", it is(2) __________(無價值) or not very interesting. Someone who eats like a bird eats very little. And "a bird`s eye view" is a(3) __________(總體的) look at an area from above.
Did you know that if you tell a young person about "the birds and bees", you are explaining about sex and birth. Have you ever(4)_________(觀察) that "birds of a feather flock together?" In other words, people who are similar become friends or do things together.
There is some good advice. "A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush". This means you should not risk(5)_________(失去) something you have by trying to get more of something you do not have.
Sometimes, I can do two things by performing only one (6)_______(動作). This is called "killing two birds with one stone". But I would never really kill any birds. I love all kinds animals. This is "a real feather in my cap". It is something to be(7)_______(驕傲) of.
Most of the people I work with are "early birds". They believe that "the early bird catches the worm". They think that a person(8)______ gets up early in the morning for work has the best chance of(9) _________(成功). Everyone in my office works hard but some people have "had their wings clipped". Their jobs have been limited. This is because the office is organized by packing order. People with more years and (10)____________(經(jīng)驗) are given more (11)________________(責任).
Some bird`s expressions are about crows, chickens and ducks. For example, when I am driving. I always travel "as the crow flies". I go the most（12）___________(直接) way. Anyone who "eats crow" has to admit a mistake or defeat.
Now let`s talk about my sister. She is not very young. She is "no spring of chicken". She will work any job for "chicken feed", a small (13)_______（數(shù)量） of money. She is easily frightened. For example, she is too "chicken livered" to walk down a dark street alone at night. Often she will "chicken out". She will not go out alone at night.
My sister was "an ugly duckling". She looked strange when she was a child. But she grew up to be a beautiful woman. Sometimes she thinks too much about having something in the future before she really has it. She "counts her chickens before they are hatched". Sometimes "her chickens come home to roost". That means her actions or words cause trouble for her. However my sister does not worry about what people say about her. (14)_________（批評） falls off her like water off a duck`s back.
Politicians are sometimes considered "lame ducks" after losing an election. They have little time left in office and no much power. Congress holds a "lame duck" session after an (15)__________(選舉). Important laws are not passed during this period.
二 從上文中找出下列說法對應的英文：
1． 一文不值：
2． 鳥瞰：
3． 物以類聚：
4． 一矢二鳥：
5． 兩鳥在林不如一鳥在手：
6． 早起的鳥兒有蟲吃：
7． 得意之物：
8． 束縛手腳：
9． 論資排隊：
10. 膽小如鼠:
11. 招災惹禍:
12. (對別人的批評)充耳不聞:
13. 吃蒼蠅:
14. 蠅頭小利:
15: 過早樂觀:
三、選擇正確的答案完成下面一段對話：
A: Who is it?
B: Dad.
A: come on in, Dad.
B: (1)______________________. I brought you a sandwich .
A: I am hungry. Thanks, Dad. What time ist, anyway?
B: Ten o’clock. What are you working on?
A:.(2)___________________________________________
B: And….what do you feel?
A: Me? (3)__________________________________________
B: I felt the same way.
A:(4)_________________________________________
B: Oh,(5)___________________________. Well, don’t work all night.
A: I don’t mind, I enjoy writing.
B: Well, maybe you should think about becoming a writer.
A: Mybe I should.
B: You have lots of time to decide.
A: (6)__________________________________________
B: You will be OK. Good night, son.
A: Good night, Dad.
A.I thought you might be hunger
B. That’s the worst part-making decisions.
C. A little scared and excited, too.
D. The scary part is leaving home and going to college
E. I’m writing an article on the feelings about graduation
F. leaving home is part of growing up
參考答案
一、 1. explain 2. worthless 3. general 4. observed 5. losing 6.action 7.proud 8. who 9. success 10. experience 11.responsibility 12. direct 13 amount 14. criticism 15. election
二、1．for the birds
2．a(chǎn) bird`s eye view
3．Birds of a feather flock together
4．Kill two birds with one stone
5．A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush
6．The early bird catches the worm
7. a real feather in my cap
8. had their wings clipped
9．Packing order
10. chicken livered
11. the chickencomes home to roost
12. Criticism falls off her like water off a duck`s back..
13. eat the crow
14.chicken feed
15.count one’s chickens before they are hatched.
三、A E C D F B
牛津高中英語模塊一（第四講）
主講教師：邵磊
主審 ：孫德霖
【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】
一、 教學內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 2 （下）
二、教學要求：
1．了解英語語調(diào)的作用。
2．學會寫感謝和建議信。
3．學習編寫、表演對話。
4．語法：定語從句（復習）
【知識重點與學習難點】
一、 重要單詞：
upset, sincerely, insist, chat, valuable, period, argument, freedom, relationship, suggest, spare, unloving, forbid, tone, frustrated, express, volume, stress, pause, exact, emotional, mood, gist, merely, regular, solve, column ,columnist, resource, proofread, version, nervous.
二、重點詞組：
rising/falling tone升調(diào)、降調(diào), talk show談話節(jié)目, main point要點, supporting information輔助性信息, a diary entry一篇日記, be proud of為….感到驕傲, stay up late熬夜, mix up混淆, after all畢竟, take one’s advice接受建議, miss doing sth懷念以前做的某事, keep in mind記住, get it tidied up把它整理好, clean up打掃干凈, make a difference要緊, provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb為某人提供, provided that假如, to one’s surprise使某人驚奇的是, as though就好像, insist on doing堅持要做, allow him his freedom允許給他自由, send sb to bed叫某人去睡覺, forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事, assign roles to分派角色, argue about sth with sb為某事和某人爭吵.
【難點講解】
1. They are meant to be read aloud, and often use less formal language than other type of writing.
劇本是要被朗讀的，它使用的語言沒有其他文體那么正式。
“Be meant to be”+被動語態(tài)、名詞或形容詞，表示“應該用作、本應當作”和 “be supposed to be”相似。例如：
Flowers are meant to be admired, not picked.
Sitcoms are meant to be light-hearted, but this one is full of violence.
副詞aloud表示“出聲’, loudly表示 “大聲”。注意loud可以當作副詞和talk, speak, laugh連用，例如：They laughed loud and long. Can you speak a little louder?
2. You can’t write exactly the way people speak.
你不能原封不動地按照人們?nèi)粘Ｕf話的習慣來寫。
the way people speak在這里是方式狀語，people speak是定語從句,修飾先行詞the way。這句話較正式的寫法可以是：
You can’t write exactly in the way that people speak.
You can’t write exactly the way in which people speak.
3. But I don’t think you are being fair at all.
但我覺得你這樣做一點也不公平。
Be+being 構(gòu)成了be動詞的進行時，后面跟形容詞或名詞，表示主語當前的狀況，也可以表示進行時的被動語態(tài)。例如：
You are silly.你很蠢。(對人的評價，在這里是一種人身攻擊)
You are being silly你現(xiàn)在的行為或想法很蠢。(就事論事)
He is polite.他有禮貌。
He is being polite.他這樣做是出于禮貌。
Many rivers and lakes are being polluted through out China.
4. I understand you used to spend a lot of time together back when Christina was younger.
據(jù)我所知當克里思蒂娜小的時候你和她一起度過很多時光。
I understand是訪談節(jié)目和外交場合中一個常用的辭令，它比I know, I hear, I guess更靈活，對所提及信息的來源和可信度都沒有明確的說法，可以根據(jù)上下文譯成“據(jù)我所知、我聽說、我猜、我個人的理解是…等”, 也可以說My understanding is…….。
Back= in the past, 常出現(xiàn)在口語當中。
5. Many people in families become upset with each other over small problems.
許多家庭成員之間因為一些小問題彼此不愉快。
Upset 作vt/ vi 時重音在第二個音節(jié)上，過去式和過去分詞同形，表示“弄翻、傾覆、擾亂、使不安”。也可作名詞，重音在前。本句話里upset是過去分詞，become的表語。
表示紛爭的起因，用介詞over. 例如：
The two countries often fight over border disputes.
They are always quarreling over minor differences.
6. Small problems become big ones, however, if they are not discussed and dealt with early on.
然而，如果不盡早商討解決，小問題就會變成大問題。
Deal: n. 數(shù)量，a (good/ great) deal of +不可數(shù)名詞，交易，如： It’s a deal(成交)；v.分配、經(jīng)營。詞組deal with 有 和….做生意、與…有來往、對待、對付、相關、處理等意思。它作“處理”講時，要和do with區(qū)分清楚。deal with作“處理”講時是指“怎樣對付或解決”，提問時用how; do with作“處理”講時是指“使用、處置”，提問時用what。例如：
How did you deal with pollution in the river?-We tried to treat the city’s sewage before it poured into the river.
What did you do with the sewage?-- We treated it and recycled it for industrial use.
Early on：near the beginning“在早期、剛開始的時候”，多用于口語中。
7. Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.
近來他一直拒絕做他的家庭作業(yè)，固執(zhí)地把時間浪費在看DVD和聽外國音樂上。
Have/has been doing是現(xiàn)在完成進行時，指說話前一段時間一直進行或多次重復的動作。
Insist on+n/doing sth: 堅持、堅決主張(做某事)；或insist＋從句 “that sb (should) do sth”。
要注意persist in＋n/doing sth也是“堅持”，但insist on堅持的是看法或主張,竭力主張去做某事；persist in堅持的是行為和做法，即不放棄正在進行的事情。例如:
He persisted in doing that experiment though the smell in the lab was getting worse and worse.
She insisted on going out for a picnic though the sky looked ominously dark.
8. What am I to do?
我該怎么辦？
相當于What shall I do? Be動詞＋不定式表示按計劃和情理將要或應該發(fā)生的事。例如：
The president elect is to make his inaugural speech on Monday.
You are to follow his instructions to the word.
9. When I refuse to listen to him, he shouts at me and the two of us fight like crazy.
要是我拒不聽從，他就對我大喊大叫，我們倆就會象瘋了一樣爭吵。
“the two of us”我們倆，us僅指我們兩人； “two of us”我們中的兩個, us 所包含的人數(shù)大于二。
like crazy象瘋了一樣，英語口語中的習慣用法，相當于“as if we were crazy”。還可以說：like cats and dogs。
【英語語調(diào)】
語調(diào)（intonation）是一句話里聲調(diào)（pitch）高低抑揚輕重的配制和變化。英語有五種基本語調(diào)：升調(diào)（↗）、的降調(diào)（↙）、的升降調(diào)（∧）、降升調(diào)（∨）以及平調(diào)（→）。一句話除了詞匯意義（lexical meaning）還有語調(diào)意義（intonation meaning）。所謂詞匯意義就是話中所用詞的意義，而語調(diào)意義就是說話人用語調(diào)所表示的態(tài)度或口氣。一句話的詞匯意義加上語調(diào)意義才算是完全的意義。同樣的句子，語調(diào)不同，意思就會不同，請看下例：
1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry？（↗）
Jean用升調(diào)說“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you．Could you say that again，please？”
2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry．（↙）
在對話2）中，Jean用降調(diào)說“Sorry”，顯然其意思是拒絕幫助或無能為力。
S首先要知道英語主要有三種語調(diào)，分別是升調(diào)，降調(diào)和降升調(diào)。
升調(diào)一般表示"不確定" "話還沒有說完"或者"禮貌" 。經(jīng)常用于下面幾類句型中：
（1）一般疑問句（Yes-no questions） Is he coming tonight? Have you got the tickets?
（2）反問句（Statements intended as questions） You are definitely coming? You like it?
（3）表示安慰或鼓勵（Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging.） Come with us.
（4）重復（Repetition questions） When did you come?
說話時用"降凋"，常常給人一種"完結(jié)"的印象。所以能使用降調(diào)的句子有以下幾類：
（1）陳述句（Ordinary statements） You came on Tuesday. I'd like some tea.
（2）特殊疑問句（Wh- questions） When did you come? What's the time?
（3）帶命令口吻的祈使句（Imperative sentences ( strong commands) Put it over there! Go and find it!
（4）感嘆句Exclamatory sentences What an awful film that was!
如果要表示出"說話人改變主意，或話外有話之意"，就可以用"降升調(diào)"。它主要出現(xiàn)在下面的句式中：
（1）含有對比的陳述句Statements where contrast is implied. You can come on Tuesday but not Monday. He doesn't want it but his brother may.
（2）含保留意見的陳述句Statements which imply reservation. I know his face. I like the colour of your dress.
（3）否認或矛盾Statements which show disagreement or contradiction ──I can't do it. ──-You can. ──She arrived on Monday. ──-On Tuesday.
（4）警告Warning. Be careful. Don't be late.
【語法】定語從句( 復習 )
【同步練習】
一、 單項選擇
1． The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
2. There were dirty marks on her pants ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
3. We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything _____ we could sit on.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
4. Mr. Green still talks like the man ______ he was ten years ago.
A. who B. that C. what D. whom
5. _____ can be called a car always rolls on wheels.
A. Anything B. Whatever C. All that D. Whichever
6. This is a book _______ is red.
A. of which cover B. the cover of that C. which cover D. whose cover
7. They didn’t call the police till 2 hours later, ____allowed the thief enough time to escape.
A. when B. which C. why D. how
8. We visited a temple yesterday, in front of_______ a small river.
A. which flew B. that flows C. which flows D. where flows
9. What ________ you want her to do?
A. is B. is it C. that D. is it that
10. It was two years ago ______ China was hit by SARS.
A. that B. when C. in which D. then
11. It was wise of you to ______ his advice.
A. have B. receive C. approve D. take
12. We take great ______ in the achievement of our nation.
A. prize B. proud C. pride D. value
13. Your support will make a ______ !
A. change B. mark C. choice D. difference.
14. Attributive Clause has already been ______ with in the previous unit.
A. dealt B. deal C. did D. done
15. You can go out to play,_______ that you finish your work first.
A. now B. in C. in order D. provided
二、 用下列單詞的適當形式填空：
insist, , suggest, , forbid, frustrated, express, exact, emotional, merely, regular, solve
1． Learning to drive can be a very _________experience for the residents of crowded cities.
2． Growing up means one has to become both financially and _________ independent.
3． Some common feelings of teenagers are very well_________ in this pop song.
4． Thank you very much for the good __________ on the running of this club.
5． This is _________ what I’m looking for.
6． Smoking is ____________ in this building.
7． We offer technical __________ in the field of e-commerce.
8． We will stay with the programme for one more week if you_______.
9． It’s a _________ five minutes’ walk from my home to the school.
10. The patient has to rely on medicine to _______ his heart beat.
三、 完形填空
Yard sales do not have to be huge. One family, or even one person, can hold a yard sale. People simply collect some things they no 1 want and put them in the yard outside their home. They might also place handmade signs on nearby streets to direct people to the sale. And, as simple as that, they have a yard sale -- or a garage sale or a moving sale.
2 people call it, the activity is the same. Such sales are 3 on the idea that an object that is useless, broken or ugly to one person can be a bargain to 4 .
Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect. They might look for things 5 stamps, dolls, old money, bottles, baseball cards, toys or advertising signs. Yard sales can also provide people 6 a new computer or sound system ... new to them, at least.
Or there might be some exercise 7 that looks new because no one ever really used it. People never know what they might find. They might even find a snake skin -- the perfect gift for a science teacher.
People who go to yard sales often are not looking for anything 8 . They are 9 looking for something that appeals to them. Or they might enjoy negotiating(商談) 10 prices. Later, if necessary, they can hold their own yard sale to sell all the things they have bought.
1. A. more B. wonder C. less D. longer
2. A. However B. Whatever C. Whoever D. Whenever
3. A. based B. working C. discussed D. held
4. A. other B. the other C. another D. others
5. A. as B. like C.for example D. with
6. A. with B. for C. by D. from
7. A. machines B. facilities C. equipment D. equipments
8. A. cheap B. valuable C. strange D. special
9. A. simply B. especially C. hardly D. nearly
10.A. for B. over C. with D. low
【參考答案】
一、DADBC, DBCDA, DCDAD
二、1. frustrating 2. emotionally 3. expressed 4. suggestions 5. exactly
6. forbidden 7. solution 8. insist 9. mere 10. regulate
三、DBACB, ACDAB
牛津高中英語模塊一（第五講）
主講教師：邵磊
主審： 孫德霖
【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】
一、 教學內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 3（上）
二、教學要求：
1．學會談論健康、鍛煉，描述問題。
2．學習e-mail的寫作。
3．語法：非限制性定語從句、反意疑問句。
【知識重點與學習難點】
一、 重要單詞：
stay(系動詞：保持), slim, figure, weight, ashamed, recover, failure, contain, chemical, seldom, damage, attractive, touching, embarrassed, pressure, overweight, diet, properly, skinny, consider, fit(強健的), pill, appearance, especially, amazed, archery, squash, aerobics(有氧運動), triathlon(鐵人三項), category, partial(部分的), response, purpose, confirmation, actually, recognize.
二、重點詞組：
work out鍛煉、訓練, go on diets/a diet實行節(jié)食, in secret私自, side effect副作用, put on weight體重增加, lose weight減肥, be ashamed of對….感到羞恥, an exact match for和….完全匹配的…， follow one’s advice聽從某人的建議, sound fun聽起來象是件有趣的事, team sport團隊運動, build up增強, regret doing sth后悔做了某事, risk doing sth冒做某事的風險.
三、【語法術語】
non-restrictive attributive clause非限制性定語從句, question tag反意疑問句, positive statement肯定的陳述句, negative statement否定的陳述句, personal pronoun人稱代詞, auxiliary verb助動詞, model verb情態(tài)動詞, imperative clause祈使句.
【難點講解】
1. What do you do to keep yourself looking good and feeling good？
你是怎樣保持自己良好的外在形象和健康的身體狀況的？
詢問別人怎樣做某事的可以用“how do you…..?”也可以用“what do you do to….?”。例如：
How did you make the baby stop crying?
What did you do to make the baby stop crying?
Keep yourself looking good and feeling good是一個“動＋賓語+補語”結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語looking good and feeling good作賓補。
2. Dying to be thin….
這是個雙關語，既可以理解成“差一點為瘦身而死”，也可以理解為“迫切希望瘦身”。課文主人公Amy因為急切希望保持苗條的身材服用了一種減肥藥造成肝功能衰竭，差點丟了性命。用這個雙關語作課文的標題非常巧妙。
Dying 的本意是“快要死去的，而dying to do/be+adj或dying for+n則表示“迫切希望…..”。例如：
He is dying to see his homeland again.
I’m dying for a drink of rum.
She is dying for a chance to be back on the stage.
3. I know the pressure to stay slim is a problem, especially for an actress.
我知道保持苗條的壓力是一個，對于一位女演員來說更是如此。
4. I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.
我在服用一種叫“”的減肥藥，這種藥在年輕女性中很流行。
medicine 泛指藥物，尤指內(nèi)服藥，表示“治療…的藥”時后面跟介詞for: the medicine for cold。 Pill藥片、藥丸, ,表示“治療…的藥”時前面加定語：sleeping pills 。drug藥劑、麻醉藥、毒品，drug(s) 表示“治療…的藥”時和for/to treat連用。
5. She says health is priceless, and I agree, but then I look so slim at the moment.
她說健康是無價的，我同意她的說法，但是我現(xiàn)在看起來非常苗條。
后綴less加在名詞之后表示“沒有、缺乏”例如：hopeless, helpless, careless, homeless.注意， priceless和worthless, valueless的意思不同。Price指價格，加less表示“無法估價的”；worth, value指價值，加less則表示“沒有價值的。
Then和but連用，起到增強語氣的作用。
6. They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
那些藥里含有一種有害的化學成分，導致我肝功能衰竭。
7. I think you look great as you are.
我認為你現(xiàn)在這樣保持自然本色看起來就很棒。
As you are是狀語從句意思是“以你本來的面目”
As作連詞的用法較復雜，可以表示“當….時候、因為、既然、相比、雖然，按照…做、象…一樣、當做，還可以用來指代上文中提到的事情以避免重復。其中作“雖然、用來指代上文中提到的事情”兩種用法比較特殊，請看例句：
Alone as he is, he does not feel lonely.
Try as you would, you could not make him change his mind.
Harry is unusually tall, as are his brothers.
8. Remember to take it slowly at first and you will build your strength up quickly.
記住剛開始鍛煉時要慢些，你的體力很快就會增強。
Take 在這里意思是“從事…活動”it 指代sport/exercise。
Build up增強、增加，名詞build-up,例如：
The build-up of Japanese forces makes the neighboring countries very uneasy.
9. Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
一些體育活動通常是在室內(nèi)進行的，另一些則是在室外。
Indoor、outdoor是形容詞，只能作定語使用; indoors/outdoors是副詞，作地點狀語。例如：
It is an indoor sport.
We can play the game indoors.
【語法】
一、非限制性定語從句
1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）
2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝�，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。
說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
二、反意疑問句：
（1） 反意疑問句是由陳述句以及其后面的簡略疑問句構(gòu)成，前一部分為陳述句，后一部分由助動詞或情態(tài)動詞 + 主語(人稱代詞)構(gòu)成，可表示真實的疑問。也可以表示說話者的某種傾向，強調(diào)或反問
It’s raining , isn’t it?
(2) 反意疑問句的前半部分陳述句是肯定的，則疑問部分為否定形式；反意疑問句的前半部分陳述句中若為否定，則疑問部分為肯定形式。
(3) 前半部分陳述句含有hardly, never, seldom, few, little等詞時，疑問部分為肯定形式。
We hardly know each other, do we?
There is little left for us to do, there is?
(4) 反意疑問句的前半部分陳述句中若使用了助動詞，情態(tài)動詞或 be 動詞，后半部分先重復這些動詞，然后 + not +主語，構(gòu)成簡略句
You can read this , can’t you?
She should have a rest , shouldn’t she?
(5) 如果反意疑問句前半部分肯定句中謂語動詞是實意動詞，后半部分一般由 didn’t / doesn’t 和didn’t + 主語構(gòu)成
We need some salad too , don’t we?
He looks like his father , doesn’t he?
(6) 祈使句后面的反意疑問句是will you/shall we?
Let’s stop quarreling and get down to business, shall we?
Come over to my house, will you?
【同步練習】
四、 單項選擇
1.Jane could hardly be called beautiful, ____________?
A. couldn’t she B. couldn’t Jane C. wasn’t she D. could she
2.Is this factory _____ you visited the other day?
A. which B. where C. to which D. the one
3.You will have some spare time _____ you can learn French at
home.
A. that B. which C. at which D. during which
4. We ought to make friends with such people _____ are kind and hard working.
A. who B. as C. that D. whom
5.I was so surprised that he returned home much earlier _____ was expected.
A. as B. than C. which D. /
6.He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.
A. which B. that C. where D. as
7.China is the birth place of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from where B. which C. where D. as
8.That is the girl _____ father we have just been speaking.
A. of whose B. of whom C. whose D. who
9. Mayor will make an inspection of our school on Monday, _____ you can tell him how hard the situation we are in.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
10. We often think of the happiest days _____ we spent together on the island
A. when B. which C. that D. during which
五、 用下列單詞的適當形式填空：
figure, weight, shame, recover, fail, contain, chemical, embarrassed, pressure, properly, skin, consider, appear
1． She is on a diet to keep her ___________.
2． Everyone could see his __________ when he was caught stealing food from the frige.
3． Susan is not the _______ little girl she used to be.
4． You should be ________ of such behavior.
5． _______ is a subject that is learnt in the lab.
6． The UN has sent 9 __________ of relief supply to the earthquake area.
7． It is very ___________ of you to bring me such a useful gift.
8． Nowadays young people will do anything to improve their ___________
9． This kind of dress is not very _______ for the wedding.
10. Mr. Lee’s ________ was a painful and slow one.
11.His carelessness has resulted in another __________.
12._________ as he is, he can’t keep his hand form chocolate.
13. Reporters tried to _______ him for more information.
三、完形填空
With the long days of summer 1 and kids heading back to school, it seems that exercise should become easier to do instead of harder. But, for many parents, that isn't the 2 as schedules get crowed with activities, the sun goes down earlier and the stress of daily life sets in. Many people find 3 vowing(發(fā)誓) to start exercising at some later time when things calm down but, here's something you already know--life doesn't usually work that way.
4 of waiting for the 'right' time, why not start now? Getting exercise firmly established makes it easier for it to 5 a priority（要優(yōu)先做的事） for you. Trying to fit it into a crazy schedule later is hard to do and can result 6 stress, guilt and thicker waistlines（腰圍）. Staying fit takes a little work, but it's worth it in the long 7.
Any parent knows that planning and preparation can make a difference in how smoothly things go. Giving exercise that same kind of effort can help you make it happen.
Plan out your weekly calendar of work, family and other responsibilities.
Look for times you can squeeze in some exercise. 8 you only find 10 minutes here or there, that's 10 minutes you'll be moving instead of sitting.
Plan what you'll do and what you'll need to do it--e.g., if you're going to the gym you'll need to have your gym bag ready and snacks/meals ready to go. Prepare as much as you can beforehand for smoother workouts.
Look for creative ways to be active. One person who jogs around the soccer field at her son's practices. There’s another who rides bikes with his daughter every morning before school. Integrating(結(jié)合)exercise with other activities is one way to stay 9 and still keep up with responsibilities.
Set up a basic home gym. Even if you prefer a health club, having some basic equipment 10 as well as a few quality workout videos means you're always ready for a workout. Think resistance tubes or bands, an exercise ball and some dumbbells.
1．A. out B. go C. gone D. done
2. A condition B. case C. example D. reason
3. A. us B. them C. theirs D. themselves
4. A. Despite B. Approved C. Aware D. Instead
5. A. remain B. keep C. stay D. get
6. A. in B. from C. of D. over
7. A. time B. term C. run D. period
8. A. Even if B. As if C. As though D. Now that
9. A. well B. health C. fit D. happy
10.A.prepared B. available C. access D. responsible
【參考答案】
一、D A AC B, DAACC
二、1.figure 2. embarrassment 3. skinny 4. ashamed 5. Chemistry 6. containers 7. considerate 8.appearances 9. proper 10. recovery 11. failure 12. overweighed 13. press
三、CBDDA, ACACB
牛津高中英語模塊一（第六講）
主講教師：邵磊
主審： 孫德霖
【教學內(nèi)容與教學要求】
一、 教學內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 3（下）
二、教學要求：
1．學會談論有關健康生活的話題。
2．學習英語中標點符號的名稱和用法。
3．學習調(diào)查、整理、分析信息。
4．縮略和簡寫。
【知識重點與學習難點】
一、 重要單詞：
Guideline, highlight, lifestyle, advertisement, commercial(n), convey, , afford, , offer, yoga, branch, square, shape, figure, trainer, , brief, abbreviation, contraction, symbol, seldom, , proper, energy, count, concentrate, chemical, amount, booklet, survey, conduct, analyze, statistics, questionnaires, permission, give out, create, percentage, level, pin, persuade, omit, skip, virus, remove, item, recommend, mention, summary, conclusion, calorie.
二、重點詞組：
Prompt box提詞臺, a reminder of提醒某人想起某事的人或事物, call sb names罵人, cheer up高興起來, closely related緊密相關的, live(lead) a…. life過著….樣的生活, , a headache to令人頭疼的人或事, along with一起, in the long term(run)從長遠角度看, give up on放棄, a good amount of適量的、許多, in no time很快, give out分發(fā)、發(fā)出, allow enough time for sb to do…留出充足的時間讓某人做某事, skip meals不吃飯, membership fee會員費,
三、【標點符號的英文名稱和用法】
punctuations: comma逗號, full stop/period句號, question mark問號, exclamation mark感嘆號, colon冒號, semi-colon分號, quotation marks引號, apostrophe省略符號, hyphen連字符號, dash破折號, under bar下劃線。
英語中的標點符號的使用和漢語相近，但也有一些區(qū)別：
1． 句號用在縮寫中,例如：U.S.A, Mr., e.g，p.m等。
2．逗號在疑問句中引出說話人：
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
逗號用于排列三個或以上的名詞：
Green, blue, white and green are his favorite colors.
逗號用于非限制性定語從句：
Edison, who was the inventor of electric bulb, had over 2000 inventions.
寫日期時，如次序是月－日－年，在日和年之間加逗號：
He was born on October 15,1983.
有些起連系作用的副詞，如 however, therefore, hence, nevertheless, moreover
, thus, otherwise, besides等等：
China, however, is still at the primary stage of socialism.
3． Apostrophe ['] 表示所有:
This is David's computer.
Mary and Jim’s father/Mary’s and Jim’s fathers
The football players’ photo
4．破折號Dash [-]
在一個句子前作總結(jié)
Mild, dry, and clear - these are the characteristics of weather in Kunming.
在一個句子的前面或后面加入額外的注釋
The kids－John, Bettie and Leo－were left behind while their parents went to church.
表示某人在說話過程中被打斷
The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake
began to shake the room。
5．連字符Hyphen [-]
連接兩個單詞
well-educated, kind-hearted, good-looking
加前綴
anti-Japanese, non-stop, semi-conductor
在數(shù)字中使用
one-quarter， twenty-three, two-fifths
【難點講解】
1. You can highlight main points by underling them.
你可以通過下劃線來強調(diào)要點。
Highlight本來是美術術語“高光點”，指畫面上最亮、最顯著的地方。這里highlight作動詞，表示“強調(diào)”。Main points指文章的要點。
這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)是：do sth by doing sth, 表示通過做某事達到某個目的，例如：
He keeps fit by going to the gym twice a week.
The students enlarged their vocabulary by reading English Novels.
2. Is there such a thing as being big boned?
有沒有“骨架大”這么回事？
介詞短語as being big boned在句子中作定語，“being big boned”是動名詞短語，作介詞as的賓語。類似的句子還有：Her friends all speak of her as being sweet-tempered。
As也可以作關系代詞，在限制性定語從句中常和such, the same, so連用; 在非限制性定語從句中代指主句的整個內(nèi)容，例如：
Such exercises as he does are good for old people.
I hold the same view as the majority does.
He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.
As was his wont(習慣), he cleared his throat before starting the lecture.
Big boned 指“骨架大的”。