1.分詞短語作狀語時,它的邏輯主語應該是句子的主語。
Eg.) Examining the patient, the doctor wrote down something on paper.
Hit by the arrow, he fell from the horse.
應避免寫分詞邏輯主語和句子主語不一致的句子。如:
Walking along the road, an accident happened. (×)
Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the door. (×)
Walking along the road, I saw an accident. (√)
Listening to the radio, I heard a knock at the door. (√)
2.但獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不是同一個人或事。
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)--名詞普通格或代詞主格+其它成分(形,副,介短,分詞和不定式)(它們之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)
獨立主格在句子中作狀語,可以表示時間、原因、條件和方式、伴隨。主要用于書面語,表示描述.
eg.) 1.今天是星期天,你不必去上學。
A) 用原因從句表達:
Because it is Sunday, you needn't go to school.
B) 用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)表達:
It being Sunday, you needn't go to school.
但不能寫成:Being Sunday, you needn't go to school.
(因分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,所以句子錯誤。)
2.官員們都到齊了,宣布開會。
A) 用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)表達:
All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open.
B) 用時間狀語從句表達:
After (when) all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.
3. 天氣允許的話,我們?nèi)ヮU和園。
A) 用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)表達:
Weather permitting ,we'll go to the Summer Palace.
B) 用條件狀語從句表達:
If weather permits , we'll go to the Summer Palace.
4.所有的工作都完成了,你們可以休息了。
All the work done, you can have a rest.
=All the work is done and you can have a rest.
5.他看著這情景,張大著嘴。
He watched the scene, his mouth ( being ) wide open.
6. 會議結(jié)束后,他們都回家了。
The meeting (being) over, they all went home. (邏輯謂語是adj./adv 時,前面省略being)
有時,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以由with引出:
eg.) The child trembled, with hands red with cold.
The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green. 樹葉都綠了,使得公園很漂亮。
The road is beautiful, with trees and flowers growing well here and there.
有時, 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞或物主代詞可省去,稱為泛指結(jié)構(gòu),反之,稱為特指結(jié)構(gòu).
Eg.)He came out, umbrella in hand.
=He came out, with an umbrella in his hand.
The guards stood at attention, guns on shoulders.
= The guards stood at attention, with guns on their shoulders.
3.分詞固定短語:(有時表示說話人態(tài)度的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)已成為固定短語,不遵循其邏輯主語和句子主語一致的原則)。
eg.)1.Judging from her accent, she must be an American.
2.Genarally speaking, the living costs are relatively higher in cities.
3.Talking of the world resources , they are very limited.
4.No wonder he was taken ill, considering that he had been overworking for years.
5.Taking as a whole, the experiment was a success.