北 京 四 中
重點詞匯、短語與句型：
1.get hold of 抓住，拿住
2.tell…apart 分辨，區(qū)別
3.over and over again 一再，多次，反復(fù)
4.as a matter of fact 事實上，其實
5.straight away 立刻地，毫不猶豫地
6.fit in (with) 與…相適應(yīng)；與…想?yún)f(xié)調(diào)
7.due to 因為
8.in touch with 保持聯(lián)系；了解
9.up to date 現(xiàn)代的，新式的，據(jù)目前所知的
10.hold back 退縮；躊躇
11.send off 寄出；派遣；給…送行
12.may/might have done 可能已經(jīng)（做過某事）
13.take a while 用一些（一段）時間
14.approve of 贊同，贊許
15.an act of revenge 報復(fù)行為
16.pass on…to 把…傳給
17.fasten to 把…系在
18.go wrong 出毛病
19.to…degree 達(dá)到…程度
20.the +形容詞/副詞比較級…， the + 形容詞/副詞比較級… 越…就越…
21.make a beeline for 走直路、走近路
22.starve to death 餓死
23.辯論：
We think that…because…
Now let’s have the opening statement from team B.
We believe that this is a serious issue.
Our opinion is…
Our opponents have mentioned…
We will explain that…
I’m afraid that their arguments are based on a misunderstanding.
24.提出觀點：
I/We think…
I/We chose this because…
In my opinion, …
Perhaps/Most likely/Probably…
Take…for example.
25.表達(dá)愛好與厭惡、愿望與期待：
I like to do/doing…
I don’t like to do/doing…
I want to do…
I wish to do…
I wish I could…
I expect to do…
I expect that…
I’m not really in the mood to…
I don’t really feel like…
單元知識點歸納：
1.set v.
�、僭O(shè)置（書本、戲劇、電影等的）背景
This novel is set in the gold rush.
這本小說是以淘金熱為背景的。
The book is set in France in the eighteenth century.
這部書是以18世紀(jì)的法國為背景的。
�、诜�，安放
He set his hand on my shoulder.
他把手放在我的肩上。
We set food and drink before the travelers.
我們把食物和飲料擺在旅客面前。
�、鄄贾�，安排
Please set the table for dinner.
請擺好餐具準(zhǔn)備就餐。
The table is set for six guests.
桌子上擺好了六位客人的餐具。
�、苤贫ǎ_定
Have you set the time for the meeting?
你們把開會的時間定下來了嗎？
They haven’t set a date for their wedding yet.
他們的婚期還沒定下來。
We must set ourselves precise sales targets for the coming year.
我們要為明年定出準(zhǔn)確的銷售指標(biāo)。
�、荩ㄌ柕龋┫侣�
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太陽從東方升起在西方落下。
In Britain the sun sets much later in summer than in winter.
在英國，夏季日落時間比冬季晚得多。
⑥鑲嵌于
He set a diamond in a ring.
他把一塊寶石鑲嵌在戒指上。
Her bracelet was set with emeralds.
她的手鐲上鑲著綠寶石。
含有set的常見搭配：
set about sth./doing sth. 開始（某工作），著手做
set …aside 將…放在一邊，（為某目的）節(jié)省或保留（錢或時間）
set off 使爆炸；動身
set out to do sth. �。◣е衬康模╅_始做
set out 動身
set up 建立，創(chuàng)立
⑴She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office.
她一到辦公室就開始寫回信。
⑵I don’t know how to set about this job.
這工作我不知如何入手。
�、荢he sets aside a bit of money every month.
她每月都存一點兒錢。
�、菼 try to set aside a few minutes each day to do some exercises.
我每天盡量騰出一些時間鍛煉一下身體。
�、蒊f you want to catch that train, we’d better set off for the station immediately.
你要是想趕上那班火車，咱們就最好馬上動身去火車站。
�、蔇o be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.
這些煙火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。
�、薚hey succeeded in what they set out to do.
他們打算做的事已做好了。
�、蘏he set out at dawn.
她天一亮就出發(fā)了。
�、蚑he government has set up a working party to look into the problem.
政府已成立工作組調(diào)查這個問題。
高考鏈接：
----When shall we start?
----Let’s ________ it 8:30.Is that all right? (2002 北京市)
A. set B. meet C. make D. take
分析：make it 為固定短語，意思是“規(guī)定時間”。另外，make it還有“成功”的意思，如：He’s never really made it as an actor.他當(dāng)演員從未有所成就。
答案：C
2.wrong adj.＆ adv. 不正當(dāng)?shù)�，不道德的；錯誤的
�、臝t’s wrong to steal.
偷竊是不道德的。
�、艸e did the sum but got the wrong answer.
他做了這道題，但算錯了答案。
�、荂an you prove that I am wrong?
你能證實我錯了嗎？
常見搭配：
What’s wrong with…? …怎么了/出什么問題了
There’s something wrong with…. …出毛病了/出故障了
go wrong 出毛病，不對頭，犯錯誤，做錯事
�、臰hat’s wrong with the engine?
發(fā)動機出了什么故障了？
�、芖hat’s wrong with you?
你哪里不舒服？
�、荰here’s something wrong with my eyes.---- I can’t see properly.
我的眼睛出毛病了----看不清楚了。
�、萒he television has gone wrong again.
電視又出毛病了。
�、蒚he party was going well until Mary arrived, then everything went wrong.
瑪麗來之前晚會開得很成功，可后來一切都不對了。
*wrong n. 冤屈，錯事
短語搭配：
do wrong 做錯事，做壞事，做得不對
�、臝 hope you’ll never do wrong.
我希望你永不做壞事。
⑵You did wrong to let out the secret.
你泄密是錯誤的。
�、荰hey have done me a great wrong.
他們對待我非常不公平。
類似的動詞詞組有：
do right 做的對
do good 做好事，有好處
do harm 有害處
�、臥eter did right to help the old woman out of the bus.
彼得扶那位老太太下車是對的。
�、芐moking does great harm to one’s health.
吸煙對健康危害極大。
�、荄oing morning exercise will do you a lot of good.
做早操對你有好多好處。
�、萗ou should do good all your life.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)一輩子做好事。
3.degree n.
*度數(shù)
Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
水在32華氏度結(jié)冰。
*學(xué)位
To do the job, you must have a degree in chemistry.
有化學(xué)學(xué)位的人才能做這工作。
*程度，等級
The students have different degrees of ability.
學(xué)生的能力大小各有不同。
短語搭配：
to…degree 達(dá)到…程度
by degrees 逐漸地
�、臫o what degree was he involved in the crimes?
他在多大程度參與了這些犯罪活動？
�、艸e was interested in his work to such a degree that he thought about nothing else.
他對工作是如此感興趣，以至于從不想別的事情。
�、荰o a certain degree he likes his job.
在某種程度上他喜歡他的工作。
�、薈hinese fans love Yao Ming to the degree that they will try to watch any match that Yao Ming competes in.
中國球迷很喜歡姚明，以至于只要有姚明參賽他們都想方設(shè)法觀看。
⑻He is getting better by degrees.
他漸漸好起來了。
*常見的“ by +名詞/代詞”短語除了by degrees 之外，還有：
by mistake 錯誤地（因粗心、遺忘等所致）
by accident 偶然，意外地
by chance 偶然地，意外地
by oneself 單獨，獨自
高考鏈接：
No one helped me. I did it all _______ myself. (2005全國高考一)
A. for B. by C. from D. to
分析：
題意為：因為沒人幫助我，所以我是全靠自己做的。by oneself 為固定斷語“獨自，單獨”。
答案：B
4.acknowledge v. “承認(rèn)，為…表示感謝”，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
acknowledge + 名詞
acknowledge + 動詞的-ing 形式（不接不定式作賓語）
acknowledge + that
�、臘o you acknowledge defeat?
你認(rèn)輸嗎？
�、芓hey refused to acknowledge that they were defeated.
他們拒絕承認(rèn)被打敗了。
�、荰he opponents acknowledged having been defeated.
對手們承認(rèn)輸了。
�、萐he acknowledged his help in her book.
她在書中對他的幫助表示謝意。
�、蒆e was acknowledged to be the finest poet in the world.
他是公認(rèn)的世界上最優(yōu)秀的詩人。
* acknowledgement n.
詞組：in acknowledgement of … 承認(rèn)…，感謝…
eg.
He was given a gold watch in acknowledgement of his work for the business.
公司給他一塊金表，以感謝他為公司效力。
* acknowledged adj. 公認(rèn)的
eg.
She is the acknowledged leader in her field of chemistry.
她是化學(xué)領(lǐng)域公認(rèn)的權(quán)威。
*只接動名詞做賓語的動詞（動詞短語）有：
admit 承認(rèn)
give up 放棄
cannot help 情不自禁
avoid 避免
consider 考慮
mind 介意
postpone 推遲
dislike 嫌惡
deny 否認(rèn)
delay 耽擱
enjoy 喜歡
miss 逃過，錯過
escape 避免
excuse 原諒
feel like 意欲
finish 完成
risk 冒險
suggest 建議
put off 推遲
resist 抵抗
fancy 想不到
practise 練習(xí)
高考鏈接：
In some parts of London, missing a bus means ________ for another hour. (2002上海高考)
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
分析：
mean doing 表示“意味著”，mean to do 表示“打算做，想做”。句意為：在倫敦一些地區(qū)，錯過一班汽車就意味著再等一個小時。
答案：A
5.apart adv. 分開,相距,相隔
�、臫he two houses stood 500 metres apart.
這兩所房子相距500米。
⑵You never see them apart these days.
他們近來形影不離。
⑶These pages stuck together----I can’t pull them apart.
這幾頁粘在一起了----我揭不開他們。
短語搭配：
tell…apart 分辨，區(qū)別（同義短語：tell …from…把…和…區(qū)分開）
apart from 除了(某事物)之外，除去；除了…之外，還…，不止…
take sth. apart 拆開
�、臕part from his nose, he’s quite good－looking.
除了他的鼻子之外，哪兒都好看。
�、艫part from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.
除了臉部和雙手受傷以外，兩條腿也斷了。
�、荂an you tell her from her sister?
你能分得出她和她的妹妹嗎？
⑷The mechanic took the engine apart.
機修工把發(fā)動機拆開了。
�、蒊 can’t tell the two boys apart.
我分不清這兩個男孩子。
�、蔎ohn enjoys taking old clocks apart.
約翰喜歡拆卸舊鐘。
高考鏈接：
If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, ________ him or her leave a message. ( 2005福建高考)
A. have B. get C. ask D. tell
分析：tell一詞除了有“分辨”的意思（如上所講和from 或apart搭配），它還可搭配成句型tell sb. to do sth.（叫某人做某事）。本題應(yīng)選have ,組成句型have sb. do sth. 另外get和ask 組成：get/ask sb. to do sth.
答案：A
6.volunteer v. 自愿，主動
詞組：volunteer to do sth.
⑴I volunteered to search for the missing child.
我自愿去尋找那個失蹤的孩子。
⑵He volunteered to join the army.
他自愿參軍。
*
volunteer n. 志愿者，自愿參加者
voluntary adj. 自愿的，主動的，無償?shù)?/p>
voluntarily adv. 自發(fā)地
involuntary adj. 非自愿的
involuntarily adv. 非自愿地
�、臚ew volunteers came forward.
沒什么自告奮勇的人。
⑵The prisoner made a voluntary statement.
那個犯人主動地做了供述。
�、荂harities rely on voluntary donations.
慈善事業(yè)依靠自愿捐獻。
⑷She does voluntary social work.
她從事義務(wù)社會工作。
�、蒆e made the promise quite voluntarily. I did not force him to.
他非常自愿地答應(yīng)的，我沒有強迫他。
⑹He gave an involuntary smile.
他不自覺地笑了。
7.starve v. 挨餓，餓死
starvation n.
⑴Thousands of cattle are starving.
成千上萬的牛正在挨餓。
�、芐he is starving herself to try to lose weight.
她正在用節(jié)食的辦法減輕體重。
⑶I am starving; let’s have a big dinner.
我快餓死了，讓咱們好好吃上一頓吧。
⑷In 19th–century Ireland, people died of starvation when the potato crop failed.
在19世紀(jì)的愛爾蘭，人們在土豆減產(chǎn)時餓死。
短語搭配：
starve sb. out( of sth.) 將某人餓得從隱藏處出來
starve to death 餓死
starve for sth. 渴望得到…
be starved of 非常需要，沒有
�、臝t took 8 days to starve them out (of the building).
用了8天的時間才把他們餓得（從那座建筑物里）出來了。
�、芓he engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start.
發(fā)動機沒有汽油了，啟動不了。
�、荋e got lost in the desert and starved to death.
他在沙漠中迷路餓死了。
�、萒he girl is starving for attention.
這個小女孩渴望得到照顧。
⑸Many children starve for love.
許多兒童渴望得到愛。
8.
eager adj. 熱切的，熱心的，渴望的
eagerness n.
eagerly adv.
短語搭配：
be eager for sth. 渴望…
be eager to do 渴望做某事
�、臩he is eager for success.
她渴望成功。
�、艻 am eager to join the Youth League.
我很想加入共青團。
�、荳e are eager to go on our vacation.
我們盼著去度假。
*辨析：eager 和anxious 都有“渴望的，急于”的意思，但略有不同，anxious著重指焦急、著急、擔(dān)心的心情，eager著重指對成功的期望或進取的熱情。試比較：
�、臰e were anxious to reach home before dark.
我們急于在天黑以前到家。
�、艸e is eager to join the Party.
他渴望入黨。
高考鏈接：
We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海高考)
A. a rush so anxious
B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush
D. such an anxious rush
分析：
such 后接名詞，正確的詞序是such an anxious rush；so后接形容詞，正確的詞序是so anxious a rush。
答案：D
9.straight adj. 直的,端正的
⑴Is my tie straight?
我的領(lǐng)帶系得正不正？
⑵I have straight, not curly hair.
我的頭發(fā)是直的，不是卷的。
習(xí)語:
keep a straight face 繃著臉,忍住不笑
put sth. straight 將某物弄整齊
�、臜e has such a strange voice that it’s difficult to keep a straight face when he’s talking.
他的聲音古怪,說起話來很難讓人不笑。
�、芇lease put your desk straight before you leave the office.
請你先把辦公桌收拾好再離開辦公室。
*straight adv. 成直線地, 徑直
�、臠ook straight ahead.
一直往前看。
�、艸e was too drunk to walk straight.
他酩酊大醉,走起路來步子不穩(wěn)。
�、荌’ll come straight to the point----your work isn’t good enough.
我要直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f----你的工作做得不夠好。
短語搭配:
straight away 立刻地,毫不猶豫地
straight out 直截了當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
�、臝 told her straight away that it was a foolish idea.
我立刻就告訴了她這個想法很傻。
⑵I told him straight out that I thought he was lying.
我直率地對他說我認(rèn)為他是在撒謊。
*straighten v. 使…變直
⑴Straighten your back (up).
把背挺直。
⑵The road straightens after a series of bends.
這條路經(jīng)過幾個轉(zhuǎn)彎之后就直了。
�、荢traighten your tie.
把你的領(lǐng)帶弄正。
短語: straighten sb. out 使某人消除疑慮,給某人解釋清楚；使…改正，使…好轉(zhuǎn)
�、臲ou’re clearly rather muddled about office procedures but I’ll soon straighten you out.
你顯然不大明白辦事的手續(xù),我很快就給你解釋清楚。
�、芖hen he was young, he drank too much, but his wife has straightened him out.
他年輕時酗酒成性，他妻子幫他改正了這個毛病。
10.convince vt. 使某人確信，說服
短語搭配：
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信…
convince sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事
convince sb. that… 使某人相信…，說服某人…
�、臝t took a long time to convince me of his guilt.
花了很長時間才使我相信他是有罪的。
�、艸ow can I convince you of her honesty?
我怎樣才能使你相信她是誠實的呢？
�、荳hat convinced you to vote for them?
究竟是什么使得你愿意投他們的票？
⑷We convinced him to go by car.
我們說服他開車去。
�、蒊 convinced him to go to the movie.
我說服了他去看電影。
⑹It was hard to convince you (that) we couldn’t afford a new car.
很難想使你相信我們買不起一輛新汽車。
*convinced adj. （做定語）虔誠的
convincing adj. 令人信服的，有說服力的
convincible adj. 可被說服的，可喻之以理的
11.fact n. 可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)用作單數(shù)，且無不定冠詞修飾時，作“現(xiàn)實”、“實情”、“真相”解釋，相當(dāng)于reality.
�、臫he story is founded on fact.
這故事是根據(jù)現(xiàn)實寫的。
�、芓his report is based on fact.
這篇報告是根據(jù)實際情況寫的。
*fact還可作“事實”解釋，如：
�、臚acts speak louder than word.
事實勝于雄辯。
�、芅o one can deny the fact that fire burns.
沒有人能否認(rèn)火可燃燒這個事實。
*含有fact的常見短語搭配：
as a matter of fact 事實上
in fact 事實上，實際上
facts and figures 精確的資料，準(zhǔn)確的情報
in point of fact 事實上，實際上
�、臕s a mater of fact, I am hungry.
實際上我餓了。
⑵In fact he does not have much money.
事實上他沒什么錢。
�、荈or eight years she was in fact spying for the enemy.
八年來她實際上一直為敵人做間諜工作。
�、菳efore we make detailed plans, we need some more facts and figures.
我們還需要更多的精確資料才能制定出詳細(xì)計劃。
�、蒆e said he would pay, but in point of fact he has no money.
他說他付錢，可實際上他并沒有錢。
高考鏈接：
Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _______, neither of them could swim.（2002 全
國春季）
A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
分析：根據(jù)題意“兩名中年乘客落入水中，兩人都不會游泳”可知此處應(yīng)為Unfortunately “不幸的是”。
答案：C
12.astonish v. 使…驚訝，震驚
⑴The news astonished everyone.
這消息使人感到震驚。
�、艻t astonishes me that no one has thought of this before.
以前誰也沒想到這一點，使我感到驚訝。
*
astonishment n.
astonished 感到驚訝的
astonishing 使人驚訝的
常見短語：
to one’s astonishment 令人驚訝的是
in astonishment 驚訝地
�、臩he looked astonished when she heard the news.
她聽到這個消息時挺驚訝。
�、艸e was astonished to hear that he had got the job.
他聽到獲得了那份工作感到驚訝。
�、荰here were an astonishing number of applicants for the job.
申請這份工作的人數(shù)多得驚人。
�、萒o my astonishment it had completely disappeared.
令我驚訝的是，它消失得無影無蹤了。
�、蒆e looked at me in astonishment.
他驚奇地看著我。
高考鏈接：
It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely _______ the reader. (2003上海高考)
A. interested, interest
B. interesting, be interested
C. interested, be interesting
D. interesting, interest
分析： interest 的用法跟astonish相似，interest可用作動詞，表示“使…感到有趣”，第二空就是這種用法；interested 常用來修飾sb.，表示“（某人）感興趣的”；interesting 常用來修飾sth.，表示“（某物）有趣的”，第一空就是這種用法。
答案：D
13.due adj.
*應(yīng)支付的
Have they been paid the money due to them?
他們是否已得到了應(yīng)得的錢？
*預(yù)期的，約定的
�、臜is book is due to be published in October.
他的書預(yù)定在十月份出版。
�、芓he train is due in five minutes.
火車預(yù)定在五分鐘后到。
常見搭配：
due to 因為…，由于…
in due course 在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候
�、臕ccidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.
在那個周末因高速駕駛造成的交通事故很多。
�、芓he team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
該隊的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
⑶Your request will be dealt with in due course.
你的要求將在適當(dāng)時機予以處理。
*due to 的同義短語：owing to
�、臜e was late owing to the heavy traffic.
他遲到是因為交通擁擠。
�、芖e were late owing to the snow.
我們遲到是因為下雪。
14.possess v. 持有，具有
�、臜e decided to give away everything he possessed and become a monk.
他決定放棄他所有的一切，出家為僧。
�、芓hey possess property all over the world.
他們在世界各地均擁有財產(chǎn)。
�、荰hey asked me if I possess a gun.
他們問我是否有槍支。
短語搭配：
be possessed of … 具有（某品質(zhì)）
She is possessed of a wonderfully calm temperament.
她性情非常文靜
*
possession n. 擁有，占有
possessor n. 擁有者，所有者
possessive adj. 占有欲強的
短語搭配：
in possession (of sth.) 占有…，控制…
take possession of … 占有…，成為…的所有者
lose possession of 失去…的所有權(quán)
⑴He was caught in possession of stolen goods.
他人臟并獲。
⑵While they are in possession we can’t sell the house.
他們還住著這個房子，我們無法出售。
⑶The soldiers took possession of the enemy’s fort.
士兵占領(lǐng)了敵人的要塞。
�、萒hey will lose possession of their house if they don’t pay the mortgage.
他們?nèi)绻粌敻兜盅壕蛯⑹ニ麄兡撬孔?/p>