王青
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語(yǔ)（7）
rare adj. 罕見的
ancient adj. 古代的，古老的
myth n. 神話故事
trouble n. 麻煩
effect n. 結(jié)果，效果
Medusa n. 美杜莎（古希臘神話中3 位蛇發(fā)女怪這一）
Gorgon n. （古希臘神話）3位蛇發(fā)女怪之一（凡見其貌者都會(huì)變成石頭）
★rare adj. 罕見的
① adj. 罕見的
rare 指世界上都少有
rare animal 稀有動(dòng)物；rare bird 珍稀鳥類；rare illness 疑難雜癥
scarce[ ] adj. 缺乏的，不足的，稀有的，不充足的（少有的，表示某個(gè)時(shí)間段或某個(gè)地方
少有）
Watermelon is scarce in winter. （watermelon n. 西瓜）
② adj. 幾乎是生的
well done 全熟
medium adj. 半生半熟的
★ancient adj. 古代的, 古老的
ancient Egypt 古埃及
antique adj. 古代的，古玩，古董，古老而有價(jià)值的
antique furniture 古董家具
★myth n. 神話故事
fairy n. 神仙故事
★trouble n. 麻煩
① n. 麻煩
I'm sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉給你帶來麻煩(口語(yǔ))
ask for trouble 自找麻煩
He is asking for trouble.
have trouble in doing sth. 在做……時(shí)遇到麻煩（書面語(yǔ)）
I have trouble (in) parking the car.
=I have a lot of trouble parking the car.
② v. 麻煩
Woman/Man/Child troubles. 女人/男人/孩子真麻煩。
Never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you. 永遠(yuǎn)不要自尋煩惱
Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻煩(let sb. do sth.)
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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記
★effect n. 結(jié)果, 效果
have an effect 有效果
have no effect 沒有效果
have effect on 對(duì)……有效果
The advice has no effect on me.
【Text】
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the
city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he
always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own
car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any
effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him
what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to
stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!
參考譯文
賈斯珀.懷特是少有的相信古代神話的人之一. 他剛在城里買下一所新房子, 但自從搬進(jìn)去后, 就和汽
車及車主們發(fā)生了磨擦. 當(dāng)他夜里回到家時(shí), 總是發(fā)現(xiàn)有人把車停在他家大門外. 為此, 他甚至一次也沒
能把自己的車開進(jìn)車庫(kù). 賈斯珀曾把幾塊“禁止停車” 的牌子掛在大門外邊, 但沒有任何效果. 現(xiàn)在他把
一個(gè)丑陋的石雕頭像放在了大門上邊, 這是我見過的最丑陋的頭像之一. 我問他那是什么?他告訴我那是
蛇發(fā)女怪美杜莎. 賈斯珀希望她把汽車和車主們都變成石頭. 但到目前為止還沒有一個(gè)變成石頭呢!
【課文講解】
1、Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths.
one of +名詞/代詞其中之一（of后面的名詞必須是復(fù)數(shù)，但與這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動(dòng)詞必須是單數(shù)）
One of your friends is waiting for you now.
如果在定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)了one of作為先行詞, 它后邊的關(guān)系代詞指代的是后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞；如果在one
of前面還有一修飾詞(the) only,那么后邊的關(guān)系代詞將指代one這個(gè)詞, 才作單數(shù)看
He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
one of 直接作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 它是做單數(shù)看待的
One of the answers is ture.
One of those people is good.
believe vt. 相信，認(rèn)為
Do you believe that cats eat grass?
believe in 信任，信賴（人格、力量等）；信仰；相信……的存在，相信……的價(jià)值
I believe in God. 我信仰上帝。
I’ve never believed in John.
2、He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and
their owners.
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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記
ever since =since 從那以后一直（ever since的語(yǔ)氣比since強(qiáng)，主句一般用完成時(shí)）
I’ve been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.
He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.
have trouble doing 做……有麻煩
have trouble with sb. 和某人相處有麻煩
I have trouble with my roommate.
3、Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.
because只能作連詞用，后面接從句
You can’t remember his name, because you aren’t really thinking.
because of 由于，介詞短語(yǔ)，后面不可以跟從句，只能跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞“-ing”
He came back early because of the rain.
be able to 的主語(yǔ)一般都是人, 表示有能力去做；can 表示天生的或?qū)W到的能力時(shí)，只能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和
過去時(shí)（could），而不可用于將來時(shí)。將來時(shí)中表示能力時(shí)必須用be able to。在現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)中，can/could
與be able to一般可以互換，在完成時(shí)中一般用be able to。
Tom is only 9 months old and he is already able to stand up.
I’ll be able to pass my driving test after I’ve had a few lessons.
get sth. into 把……弄進(jìn)
get his car into his garage
drive the car into 把車子撞上……
I drove the car into the wall /tree.
even once 甚至一次（even 起強(qiáng)調(diào)）
4、It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.
“I have ever seen” 做定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾前邊的faces
如果關(guān)系詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ), 關(guān)系詞可以省略, 所以I 前的which被省略
This is the most difficult thing I have ever done.
This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.
有兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)一定用最高級(jí)：
of+范圍
of all the students
in+地點(diǎn)
He is the tallest in the room.
5、Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.
hope 的后面加that 從句
turn sth. to… 把前者變成后者
turn the prince to a frog
He was turned to a frog.
They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place.
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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記
6、But none of them has been turned to stone yet!
none of，neither of做主語(yǔ)時(shí)做單數(shù)看待
【Composition】
My wife (drives) (leads) a car. She has (driven) (ridden) a car for many years (and) (but) she says that women
drivers (do not deserve) (are not worth) their bad reputation. Yet, on the road, she often (criticizes) (judges) other
women drivers.
drives/driven/and/do not deserve/criticizes
reputation n.名譽(yù), 名聲
judge n.法官, 審判員, 裁判員, 鑒賞家, 鑒定人, (J-)最高的審判者vt.審理, 鑒定, 判斷, 判決, 斷定,
認(rèn)為vi.下判斷, 作評(píng)價(jià)
【Key structures】
Wht has happened? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)：before(now)，so far，up to/till now，just，already，now，ever，
never，since和for 等，since 一般與一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用，for 一般與時(shí)間段連用。
【Special Difficulties】
關(guān)系從句及關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系從句又可稱為定語(yǔ)從句或形容詞從句，它像形容詞一樣可以形容人、物及事件。關(guān)系從句可分為
限定性關(guān)系從句（不帶逗號(hào)）和非限定性關(guān)系從句（帶逗號(hào)）。
表示人的關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，that，whose（口語(yǔ)中whom經(jīng)常由who代替）
表示事物和動(dòng)物的關(guān)系代詞：which，that
關(guān)系代詞可以有四個(gè)概念:
① 代人的, 做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)who，只做賓語(yǔ)的whom
② 代物的, 做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)which
③ 代人的也可以代物的做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)that
④ whose其代表的東西由其在句子中的成分_____決定(不一定指人)
關(guān)系代詞后面要加從句，先行詞放在定語(yǔ)從句前面, 而且是兩句話共同含有的詞, 還是被定語(yǔ)從句修飾
的詞
I have a book that/which he likes.( “book” 為先行詞“that/which” 為關(guān)系代詞)
關(guān)系代詞有兩個(gè)功能: 一是承上, 一是啟下(如上句中的“book” 作從句的賓語(yǔ))
The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.
I can do anything that I can do. 我愿意做我力所能及的事情來幫助你
The boat whose name is...
I have a house whose windows are broken. 我有一個(gè)房子, 房子的窗戶都破了.
關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)往往可以省略，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)則不可以。
The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kink father.
whose 后面一定要加一個(gè)名詞, 然后這個(gè)部分共同做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)
The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother.
妹妹站在門口的男孩是我弟弟
The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt.
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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記
把飛機(jī)降落在田里的飛行員沒有受傷
He is the right person I am looking for.
Exersise(在需要的地方填上who, which, that或whose)
1 The only games ______ I play are football and tennis.
不填（如果要填只能是that, 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)可省略）
先行詞如果用only, 序數(shù)詞, 形容詞最高級(jí)修飾, 其后邊的關(guān)系詞只用that
4 This is the hotel at ______ we are staying.
which
句中的“at” 原來在“staying” 的后邊
介詞后加物的話, 只加which,加人的話, 用whom, 都不可用that,who也不能
She is the girl who/whom/that I stayed with. (句中“who/whom/that” 可省略)
She is the girl with whom I stayed.
That is the house in which I live.
6 That is the horse ______ won the race.
which
選which , 不能用that，句子中用詞避免重復(fù), 句首已有了一個(gè)“that” , 故選“which” 而不是“that”
Who is the man that is helping you? 誰(shuí)是那個(gè)正在幫助你的人?（不用“who”避免重復(fù)）
7 He is the sort of person ______ everyone admires.
不填
person 是先行詞, 在從句中做賓語(yǔ)
【Multiple choice questions】
6.It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I've never seen ___d___
a. an ugly one b.an ugliest one c. the ugliest one d.an uglier one
比較級(jí)來表達(dá)最高級(jí)的概念：
better than anything else 最好
The teacher is the tallest in the room.
The teacher is taller than anyone else in the room.
I have never seen a taller one.
I have never bought a more expensive one.
This is the cleanest street I have ever seen. 這是我所見過的最干凈的街道了.
7 ___b___ of them has been turned to stone.
a. No one b. Not one c. No d. Even one
no 是形容詞, 后加名詞
no one =nobody (“nobody” 指的是人, 它將“cars” 排除了是不對(duì)的)，不定代詞后不用of
可以用的有: neither of/none of/both of/all of
none of =not one of
9 He is a rare person. You ___c___ meet such people.
a. often b. never c. seldom d. sometimes
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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記
rarely=seldom 幾乎不做
rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地
seldom adv.很少, 不常
10 Not all car owners are good ___d___ .
a. guides b. conductors c. leaders d. drivers
not all 不是所有的（部分否定概念）
Not all students are good.
Not all children are naughty.
12 The signs haven't had any effect. They haven't ___a___ anyone.
a. affected b. effected c. resulted in d. imposed
effect n. 影響
have effect 有效果
affect v. 影響