M3U3 words
1. civilization n. 文明 civilized adj. 文明的,有教養(yǎng)的
Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world
China has a high level of civilization
China is a highly civilized country.
2. lecture n .講座 聽講座__________________ deliver /give a lecture 演講,講課
v. lecture on/ about_________ lecture at sb 對(duì)某人進(jìn)行說(shuō)教、教訓(xùn)某人
Don't lecture at me,I don't have to do what you say!別教訓(xùn)我,我可不是非聽你的不可
What's he lecturing on tomorrow?他明天講授什么?
3. found vt. 興建、創(chuàng)建
build,construct,found,establish,set up的辨析
這些動(dòng)詞均有“建設(shè),建立,建造”之意。
build普通用詞,含義廣泛,可指一切具體或抽象的建造或建立。
construct較正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)一定計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的規(guī)模較大,結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,要求較高技術(shù)的建造。
found側(cè)重打下基礎(chǔ)或創(chuàng)辦,具體或抽象事物均可用。
establish著重穩(wěn)固地建成,可具體指國(guó)家、政府、學(xué);蛏痰甑鹊慕,也可指信仰、信用、名譽(yù)、法律、制度、規(guī)則等的建立。
set up作“建立”用時(shí),側(cè)重于“開始”?芍妇唧w或抽象的建立。
4. BC abbr. 公元前(before Chirst)
5. Roman n.羅馬人 adj.羅馬的 羅馬人的 Rome was not built in one day.
6. take over 奪取、接管
He does not know how to persuade his son to take over his business .
Peter will take over as managing director when Bill retires.
比爾退休時(shí)將由彼得接任總經(jīng)理一職.
7. volcano n. 火山
8. AD.( Anno Domini) 公元
9. erupt vi (火山等)爆發(fā) eruption n.
10. lava n. 熔巖、火山巖
11. ash n. 灰燼、 灰
12. pour vi /vt 涌流、傾傾瀉 倒出 It never rains but it pours(諺語(yǔ))__________________
pour down Rain poured down from the murky skies. 雨從陰沉的天空傾盆而下。
13. unfortunate adj. 不幸的
fortunate unfortunate fortune misfortune fortunately unfortunately
14. mud n. 泥漿、爛泥 muddy adj.
15. decorate vt 裝飾、裝潢 decoration
decoration The great hall was decorated with flowers.
大廳里裝飾著花朵。
16. flee vi vt 逃避、逃跑;迅速離開
Flee-Fled-Fled-Fleeing
辨析:get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);flee (from)這幾個(gè)詞均可表示“逃”,但含義有別:
◇ escape指安全地“逃走或跑掉”,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果;
◇ get away from及run away from表示“逃”的動(dòng)作或行為,含有動(dòng)作快速而敏捷之意,多用于口語(yǔ)中;
◇ flee強(qiáng)調(diào)“逃”這一動(dòng)作急促或迅速,不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。選用時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的含義來(lái)定。如: The bird has escaped from the cage.那只鳥逃出鳥籠了。 He ran away/got away/escaped from the fire.他從火災(zāi)中逃出來(lái)了。 He fled (from) the burning house.他從燃燒的房子中逃出。
◇ 另外,表示“從某處抽身”,一般用get away from。如: I’m afraid she can’t get away from the meeting. 我恐怕她很難從會(huì)議中抽身。
17. researcher n .研究者、調(diào)查者 research
18. true –to- live adj. 逼真的The picture is true to life. 這幅畫栩栩如生。
19. disaster n. 災(zāi)難 catastrophe
20. destroy vt. 毀壞、摧毀
damage; destroy; ruin 這三個(gè)詞都有“破壞;損壞”的意思,區(qū)別如下:
1) damage 指“損壞”,一般暗示損壞后價(jià)值或效益會(huì)降低,這種損壞是部分性的,有時(shí)該詞也用于借喻.如: Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness. 長(zhǎng)期生病使她的心臟受到輕度損傷. What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.他們的言行損害了這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系.
2) destroy意為“破壞;摧毀;消滅;毀滅”,指完全徹底地破壞,含有無(wú)法修復(fù)之意,也可用于借喻.如: The building was completely destroyed by the fire. 這座房子被大火燒光了? The Nazi wanted to destroy the people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of the people.納粹想摧毀人民的希望,最終是納粹的夢(mèng)想被人民的力量所摧毀.
3) ruin 多用于借喻之中,經(jīng)常指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度. 亦指徹底毀掉,但不含有以某種摧毀性的力量進(jìn)行破壞,而含有在一定的過(guò)程中逐漸毀掉的意思
Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry.
牛津城已經(jīng)被汽車工業(yè)毀掉了。
The crops are nearly ruined by the continuous rain.
繼續(xù)不斷的雨水幾乎毀壞了這些農(nóng)作物。
如: The rain will ruin the crops. 這雨會(huì)把莊稼毀掉的. I was ruined by that law case;I'm a ruined man. 我被那場(chǎng)官司毀了,我破產(chǎn)了.
21. commercial adj. 商業(yè)的, 貿(mào)易的 commerce n.
22. wealthy adj.富有的, 富裕的 wealth n.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
23. gradually adv. 漸漸地、逐漸地
24. sandstorm n. 沙塵暴,風(fēng)沙
25. scholar n .學(xué)者
26. cultural adj. 文化的 culture multicultural
27. institute. n. 機(jī)構(gòu)、研究所
28. ruin n. vt. 廢墟、毀壞、破壞、毀滅 in ruins成為廢墟 The castle is now in ruins.
城堡現(xiàn)在已成廢墟。
29. remains n. 遺物、遺跡、遺骸
remain: 一、作不及物動(dòng)詞用
1.表示“剩下”、“仍有”,只能用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不可直接跟賓語(yǔ)。例如:
①They had all those that remained.他們把剩下的全部拿走了。
②This visit willalways remain in my memory.這次拜訪將永遠(yuǎn)留在我的記憶之中。
2.表示“留下”、“逗留”,特指在他人走后留下。例如:
①They went,but I remained.他們走了,但我留了下來(lái)。
②I shall remain here all the winter.整個(gè)冬天我將留在這里。
3.表示“尚待”、“留待”,后面接被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如:
①One problem remains to be solved.有一個(gè)問(wèn)題尚待解決。
②That remains to be proved.那尚待證實(shí)。
二、作系動(dòng)詞用
表示“一直保持”、“仍然(處于某種狀態(tài))”、“繼續(xù)存在”、“依然”。
1.后面接名詞作表語(yǔ)。例如:
①Language was,is and will remain the chief means of exchange of ideas.語(yǔ)言,過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)依然是交流思想的主要工具。
②In spite of their quarrel,they remained the best friends.他們盡管吵過(guò)架,卻仍不失為最好的朋友。
2.后面接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。例如:
①We must always remain modest and prudent.我們必須經(jīng)常保持謙虛、謹(jǐn)慎。
②Despite the danger,she re- mained calm.盡管危險(xiǎn),可她依然鎮(zhèn)定自若。
3.后面接介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。例如:
Victories remain with us.勝利屬于我們。
4.后面接V-ing作表語(yǔ)。例如:
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣?qǐng)她坐下,她還是站著。
5.后面接過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。例如:
①The true author of the book remains unknown.這本書真正的作者依然不詳。
②The situation remains unchanged.局勢(shì)依然未變。
30. beneath prep. 在。。。之下
31. pot n. 罐、壺
32. material n. 材料、物質(zhì)adj. 物質(zhì)的
33. document n, 文獻(xiàn),文件
34. workshop n, 作坊, 車間
35. explode vi. 爆炸 explosion n.
36. nearby adv.adj 在附近(的)、
37. extreme adj. 極度的、極端的 extremely adv.
38. complain vi 抱怨 complaint n.
39. bone n. 骨骼、骨頭
40. wooden adj. 木制的 wood vase wooden vase cf: gold /golden
41. leather n. 皮革
42. historical adj. 歷史的, 與歷史研究相關(guān)的 cf; historic
historic adj.歷史上著名的, 有歷史性的
the historic first voyage to outer space.
具有歷史意義的首次太空旅行。
historic times
有史時(shí)期(與 prehistoric times 史前時(shí)期相對(duì))
May 4, 1919 is a historic day. 1919
年5月4日是有歷史意義的一天。
historical adj.歷史(上)的, 有關(guān)歷史的
historical costumes; historical weapons.
古代服裝;古代武器
historical evidence
史實(shí)
a historical play [novel]
歷史劇[小說(shuō)]
43. solution n. 解決辦法、解答 the solution to…
44. expression n. 表達(dá);表情、神色
45. audience n. 觀眾、 聽眾
46. cave n. 洞穴
47. ceremony n. 儀式、典禮 the opening/closing ceremony
48. republic n. 共和國(guó)、共和政體
49. chairman n. 主席
50. pearl n., 珍珠
51. harbor n. 港口 the Pearl Harbor
52. navy n.海軍、海軍部隊(duì)
53. powerful adj. 強(qiáng)有力的
54. airfield n. (軍用)機(jī)場(chǎng)
55. bomb vt 轟炸、n. 炸彈
56. sailor n. 水手, 海員
57. fortunate adj. 幸運(yùn)的 unfortunate adj. fortune n. unfortunately adv.
58. aircraft n. 飛機(jī)
59. carrier n. 航空母艦, 運(yùn)輸設(shè)備
60. declare vt. 宣布、宣稱 cf. announce
declare sth./ that….. declare independence 宣布獨(dú)立
declare sth. ( to be/ as )+ ….. declare a meeting closed 宣布閉會(huì)
declare a meeting open 宣布會(huì)議開始
declare against …聲明反對(duì). He declared against the proposal.他表示反對(duì)這項(xiàng)提議。
declare for…“宣布支持 They declared themselves for the plan.他們表示贊同這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
declare的基本意思是明確地、清楚地、正式地“宣布,宣告”,多用于官方場(chǎng)合。引申可指“宣稱”“斷言”“申報(bào)”等。
2.declare既可用作及物動(dòng)詞,又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后接名詞、代詞或that從句作賓語(yǔ)。不接動(dòng)名詞,也不接動(dòng)詞不定式?捎糜诒粍(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
3.declare后可接由to be/as加名詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。to be/as有時(shí)可以省略。
4.declare接復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以用動(dòng)詞不定式或由wh-引起的疑問(wèn)詞從句作賓語(yǔ),但它們都由it代替,而它們本身則移到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)后面,此時(shí)它的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)多為形容詞。
5.declare作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常跟介詞against表示“聲明反對(duì)”,接for表示“宣布支持”。
announce:
1)announce sth.: announce action 宣布采取行動(dòng)
announce a decision 公布決議
announce an appointment 公布一項(xiàng)任命
The government announced a cut in taxes.政府宣布減稅。
2)announce sth to sb
We have announced her death to some friends only. 她去世的消息我們只通知了幾個(gè)朋友。
announce to sb that-clause
Please announce to students that the holidays will begin next Monday.請(qǐng)通知同學(xué)們假期將從下星期一開始。
3)announce+ that…./wh-…..
The government announced that they would pay for their debts.政府宣布愿意償還債務(wù)。
Have they announced when the race will begin?他們宣布比賽什么時(shí)候開始了嗎?
Cf:宣布的內(nèi)容上說(shuō), announce指公眾關(guān)心的,特別是具有新聞性的事件。例如:
The rise of prices of grain was announced in the papers.糧價(jià)上漲已在報(bào)上公布。
declare指重要的決策、舉措或意見。例如:
The government declared rubber a strategic and critical material.政府宣布橡膠為重要戰(zhàn)略物資。
從宣布的目的上說(shuō), announce,在于使眾所周知; 而declare則在于使人明白。例如:
The arrested man declared himself innocent.被捕的人聲稱自己是無(wú)罪的
declare還含有"正式地,來(lái)自官方"的意思。比方說(shuō)"宣戰(zhàn)"就得用declare,宣布會(huì)議、儀式、典禮等開始或結(jié)束也用declare,如果宣布獲獎(jiǎng)名單什么的annouced 和declare 都可以。
語(yǔ)法上來(lái)講,announce后面只能接名詞和從句作賓語(yǔ)。而declare不僅可以接名詞和從句作賓語(yǔ),也接“賓語(yǔ)+名詞/形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)
61. in memory of 紀(jì)念(死去的人或事)
in honour of 紀(jì)念(死去或活著的人或事)
62. memorial n. 紀(jì)念碑, 紀(jì)念館 adj.紀(jì)念的
63. educate vt. 教育 education n.
64. statue n. 雕塑,雕像
65. no doubt 無(wú)疑、確實(shí)
No doubt you would like a drink.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)你是喜歡喝一杯了。
No doubt he was just trying to help, but he's spoiled our work.
可能他只是想幫忙,但卻把我們的工作給弄糟了。
have no doubt... 毫不懷疑,毫無(wú)疑心
there's no doubt... 這毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)....
"No doubt, my boy, no doubt.
“那當(dāng)然,那當(dāng)然。
No doubt about it.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。
No doubt it is.
肯定是的。
I have no doubt.
我肯定。
There is no doubt.
警察:沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。
No doubt,love is universal.
毋庸置疑,愛是普遍存在的。
This admits of no doubt.
此事不容置疑。
There is no doubt about it.
那是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。
I have no doubt about that.
此事我可以肯定。
No doubt it began very gradually.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),它是逐步發(fā)展起來(lái)的。
There is no doubt that…….無(wú)疑……(不用:It is no doubt that…..)
It is no wonder that ……… 難怪…..=No wonder that…..
66. rise up against 起義、反抗
The slaves rose up against their cruel masters.
67. troop n. 士兵; 軍隊(duì), 部隊(duì)
68. stand in one’s path 阻礙(某人)
stand in the /one’s way
69. march vi n. 前進(jìn),進(jìn)發(fā);游行
70. glory n. 輝煌、榮耀、光榮 glorious
71. ahead adv. (時(shí)間、空間)在前面
72. come down with 患病
Our children all came down with the flu last week.
上星期我們的小孩全部得了流行感冒。
The girl has come down with pneumonia.
女孩已患肺炎。
73. vast adj. 遼闊的巨大的, 大量的
74. philosophy n. 哲學(xué)
75. salary n. 薪金, 薪水
76. aware adj. 意識(shí)到的, 知道的 、察覺(jué)到的
1.) 知道的,察覺(jué)的[F][(+of)][+that][+wh-]
I am well aware that this is a tough job.
我深知這是一件棘手的工作。
She was not aware of having done wrong.
她沒(méi)有意識(shí)到做錯(cuò)了事。
2.) (與副詞連用)有...方面知識(shí)(或意識(shí))的
He is an artistically aware young man.
他是個(gè)懂藝術(shù)的青年。
3.) 明智的;懂世故的;閱歷深的
77. basis n, 基礎(chǔ); 基準(zhǔn)、 原因 cf: base
base 表示“基礎(chǔ)”、“地基”、“底部”,也用于構(gòu)成或支撐物體底部的“基礎(chǔ)”。例如:
We camped at the base of the mountain.我們?cè)谏较略O(shè)營(yíng)。
I found a small insect at the base of the flower.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這花的底部有一個(gè)小昆蟲。
The base of this monument is made of marbles.該紀(jì)念碑的地基是用大理石做成的。
basis 表示“基礎(chǔ)”、“根據(jù)”,它常修飾無(wú)形的,抽象的東西。如學(xué)說(shuō)、理論、信仰等。例如:
Trust is the basis of lasting friendship.信任是保持友誼的基礎(chǔ)。
What basis do you have for this judgment?你是根據(jù)什么下這判斷的?
This theory rests on a solid scientific basis.這一理論有堅(jiān)實(shí)的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。
on the basis of以…為基礎(chǔ)
78. court n. 法院、 法庭、球場(chǎng)、宮廷
79. god n. 神, 神靈
80. corrupt vt.使腐化, 使墮落 adj. 貪污的 腐敗的
81. trial n. 審訊, 審理; 試驗(yàn); 考驗(yàn) trial and error反復(fù)試驗(yàn)、不斷摸索
82. judge n. 法官, 審判員; 裁判員
83. poison n. 毒藥, 毒物 vt. 毒害, 下毒
poisonous adj.