Period 3-5 Intensive Reading
1. (Page18, Line2) open up 打開；開發(fā)；開始
e.g.: They opened the country up to trade. 他們開放國家，以進(jìn)行貿(mào)易。
拓展
be open to 對(duì)...開放的, 易受...的
in the open 在戶外，在野外
keep one’s eyes open 留心, 注意
lay open 攤開（書等）
throw open 突然打開, 大開
open fire on/upon at 向...開火
2. (Page18, Line2)There is a high/strong probability/ possibility that……
There is possibility that…很有可能/有可能
類似結(jié)構(gòu)：
It is probable that… It is possible that…
e.g.: Because he works so hard, there is a high probability that he will pass the language exam.
There is little possibility of his success/ tht hw will succeed.他成功的可能性很小。
★It’s probable/possible for sb. to do sth.
It’s probable/possible that…
It’s likely that…
sb./sth. is likely to do sth.
拓展
There is no doubt that +從句/there is no doubt about sth 毫無疑問
There is no need for sb to do sth某人沒必要做某事/there is no need that +從句 沒必要…
It’s no use doing sth 做謀事沒必要
3. (Page18, Line7) recommend /rek mend / vt. ①建議；②推薦，介紹
○1作“建議”時(shí)，+ n./ pron./ -ing/ O.C. /sb to do sth
[注意] 接that從句時(shí)用虛擬語氣 （should）do。
e.g.: He recommended reading the book Gone With the Wind before seeing the film. 他建議先看《飄》這本書，然后再看電影。
He recommended buying an English-English dictionary.
The doctor recommended a good rest. She took his advice. 醫(yī)生建議好好休息，她聽取了他的建議。
In her e-mail, my best friend recommended that I (should) pay more attention to my health. 我最好的朋友在她的郵件里勸我多注意身體。
I recommend you to think very carefully before you make nay decision. 我建議你仔細(xì)考慮之后再做決定。
○2作“推薦，介紹”講時(shí)，一般直接加名詞作賓語。
e.g.: I asked Tom to recommend a good hotel because my classmates planned to take a trip to his city. 我讓湯姆推薦個(gè)好旅館，因?yàn)槲覀儼嗤瑢W(xué)準(zhǔn)備到他所在的城市旅行。
【常見搭配】recommend sth. to sb. =recommend sb. sth.向某人推薦某物
e.g.: I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in chemistry. 我把這本書推薦給任何一個(gè)對(duì)化學(xué)感興趣的人。
recommend sb. for sth. 推薦某人做某事
recommend sb. as sth. 推薦某人為……
recommend doing sth. 建議做某事
recommend sb. to do sth.=recommend that sb. (should) do sth.
4. (Page18, Line11) It be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that +句子其他部分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人且做主語時(shí)，可用who代that, 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人且做賓語時(shí)， 可用whom代that..
It之后的be 常用is或was, 視that之后的句子的時(shí)態(tài)而定。如果that之后的句子用的是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，則用was; 如果that之后的句子用的是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)或一般將來時(shí)，則用is。有時(shí)可用must be, must have been, can’t be, may/might be 等表示推測(cè)的謂語形式。
e.g.: It was a glass that Mary broke.
It must be my book that he is reading.
It is Mary and Jack that who often help us.
5. (Page18, Line13) trial n. a test to see if sth is effective or sth is suitable 試驗(yàn)，試用;審問，審判，考驗(yàn)
相關(guān)短語
on trial 在審理中，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，在測(cè)試中
go on trial 受到審判
come to trial 開庭審理
trial and error 反復(fù)試驗(yàn)；不斷摸索
e.g.: He is on trial for murder. 他因涉嫌謀殺而受審。
The case never came to the trial.這個(gè)案件從未開庭受審。
Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error. 兒童通過反復(fù)摸索才會(huì)運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)程序。
6. (Page18, Line14) take place
take after（外貌）相像; 追趕
take along隨身攜帶
take apart 拆卸，拆開
take away 拿走，帶走
take back拿回，收回
take down 寫下，記下；拿下，放下
take for 把...誤認(rèn)為 We took him for dead. 我們?cè)詾樗懒恕?/p>
take in欺騙；吸收，理解
take it easy 別緊張
take one’s time不急，慢慢來
take off 起飛；脫下;成功，成名
take on 承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)；雇傭
take out 拿出，取出
take over 接收，接管
take to 喜歡，開始從事
take up 拿起，舉起；開始從事，著手處理；繼續(xù)；占用（時(shí)間、空間）
take…by surprise使吃驚
take….for granted認(rèn)為…理所當(dāng)然
take for example/ instance以….為例
take…in one’s arm擁抱
take a rest/ bath / a look at
take a deep breath深吸一口氣
take (an) interest in對(duì)…感興趣
take a lesson from從…中吸取教訓(xùn)
take a message for ab.給…捎個(gè)信兒
take a risk/ risks 冒險(xiǎn)
take a sip喝一小口
take a /one’s seat坐下，坐好
take…for… vt. 把……當(dāng)作……,把……視為
take aside vt. 把……帶到旁邊
take chance碰運(yùn)氣
take action采取行動(dòng)
take care of 照顧，照料
take charge of負(fù)責(zé)，主管
take/ have exams參加考試
take exercise做運(yùn)動(dòng)
take hold of抓住，握住
take …into account/ consideration把…考慮進(jìn)去
take/ have medicine服藥
take note/ notice of注意
take notes作筆記
take one’s time別急，慢慢來
take/ follow one’s advice采納…的建議
take part in/ take an active part in積極參加
take pictures/ photos照相
take /have pity on sb同情…
take place發(fā)生
take pleasure in doing sth喜歡做…
take possession of擁有，占有
take power當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政
take office就職，上任
take pains下工夫，花力氣
take pride in以…為榮
take one’s place/ seat代替
take sb/ sth seriously 認(rèn)真對(duì)待…
take the place of代替，取代
take turns to do/ at doing輪流做…
take the side of支持某人（方）
take sides in站在…一邊
take trouble費(fèi)事
7. (Page18, Line17) to be sold as a standardized tablet
不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語
在序數(shù)詞或形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)后常用不定式作定語。如果不定式后動(dòng)作和其邏輯主語為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。
e.g.: He was the only foreigner to be given such an honor.
他是唯一一個(gè)被授予這項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)的外國人。
He is the last to be invited to speak.
他是最后一個(gè)被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言的人。
8. (Page18, Line20) not only…but also…只有連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝，如果置于句首的not only…but also…連接的是兩個(gè)并列主語，不可用倒裝。
e.g.: Not only does he write the words to the songs, but he also composes the music. 他不僅為這首歌作了詞而且還譜了曲。
Not only is the problem very important, but also it is difficult to solve.
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
他不僅拒絕了禮品而且還嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了送禮者。
★不僅我, 他也錯(cuò)了。Not only I but also he is wrong.
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
我和你都喜歡音樂。
★ 此句型也可寫成：not only…but…或not only…but…as well的形式，但but(also)引導(dǎo)的句子須用正常語序。
○3not until…
e.g.: Not until he returned did we have supper. = We didn’t have supper until he returned.
Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep. = He can’t fall asleep until 10:00 in the morning.
★如果not until引導(dǎo)的是句子，until從句的主謂不可倒裝則是主句需倒裝。
e.g.: Not until she began to speak did I realize she was my primary school teacher.
9. (Page18, Line23) risk 常見搭配
risk doing sth 冒險(xiǎn)做某事
at the risk of 冒著…的危險(xiǎn)
take/run a risk 冒險(xiǎn)
take/run the risk of doing 冒…的危險(xiǎn)
at any risk不論冒什么危險(xiǎn)
at risk 處于危險(xiǎn)中
10. (Page18, Line24) thin vt. 變稀，變薄，變淡，變細(xì)
adj.細(xì)的，瘦的
e.g.: Add more water to the mixture to thin it.在混合物中多加點(diǎn)水稀釋。
War and disease are the two main causes of thinning population. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和疾病是人口稀少的兩大原因。
形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞：
slow adj.慢的 v. 減慢
narrow adj.狹窄的 v. 變窄
empty adj.空的 v. 使….變空，倒空
right adj.正確的 v. 糾正，改正
dirty adj.骯臟的 v. 使….變臟
11. (Page18, Line24)However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning in medicine, and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked.
○1本句為并列句，其中第二個(gè)并列分句是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句。“that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked” 是動(dòng)詞showed的賓語從句，其中又含有一個(gè)以which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked，修飾先行詞stroke。carried out in the USA是過去分詞短語，在這里作a study 的后置定語。
○2 burst 破裂，爆發(fā)
e.g.: Water pipes often burst in cold weather.
水管在寒冷的天氣里經(jīng)常破裂。
I felt I would burst with anger.
我感覺自己要?dú)庹恕?/p>
She burst into the office without knocking.
她沒有敲門就一下子沖進(jìn)了辦公室。
★ burst into + n. = burst out doing
burst into tears = burst out crying
burst into laughter = burst out laughing
○3 block vt. 阻塞，阻擋，使不通，妨礙
【常見搭配】 block sth. up 阻礙，堵塞
block sth. off （用障礙物）隔開
blockprevent sth. from 阻止……做……
e.g.: My nose is blocked up because of a heavy cold.
因?yàn)橹馗忻�，我的鼻子不通氣�?/p>
Police blocked off the street after the explosion.
爆炸之后警察隔離了那條街道。
There is a block of wood lying before us.
在我們面前橫著一大塊木頭。
12. (Page18, Line26) carry out:to conduct or to put into practice
實(shí)施（計(jì)劃）；履行（義務(wù)）；進(jìn)行（實(shí)驗(yàn)）
carry on 繼續(xù)做
carry off 奪去（生命）；獲得（獎(jiǎng)賞）
carry sb through 使某人度過（困難、危機(jī)等）
carry away運(yùn)走, 拿走，沖去，掠走；吸引�。橙耍�，使忘我
carry forward 使（事業(yè)等）進(jìn)展
13. (Page19, Line30) by 到…程度，相差….幅度
e.g.: The carpet is short by three feet.地毯短了3英尺。
The level of the sea rose by 3 mm.海平面上升了3mm。
She is taller than me by 3cm.
★ reduce to減少到
increase to 增加到
increase by增加了
14. (Page19, Line38) note v.注意到；寫下來
n. 筆記，記錄，便條
e.g.: Please note down my words.請(qǐng)記下我的話。
Please note (that) the bill must be paid within ten days.請(qǐng)注意帳單必須在10天之內(nèi)付清。
★ take note of 注意到，留意到
take / make notes/a note of 記筆記
compare notes with sb與某人交流
15. (Page19, Line41) try something out on 在……上試用某物
e.g.: The drug has not been tried out on humans yet.
這種藥物尚未進(jìn)行過人體試驗(yàn)。
拓展
try on試穿
try out試用，測(cè)試，試驗(yàn)
try one’s best to do盡力做
have a try 試一試
16. (Page19, Line44) name vt. 說出……的名字；給……取名，命名
【常見搭配】name sb. sth. 給某人取名為…….
name sb as sth任命為
name…..after…以……名字命名
in the name of 以……的名義
by the name of 名叫
call sb names 辱罵某人
call sb’s name call sb. by name 叫某人的名字
e.g.: Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden.
The child was named after his father.
那個(gè)孩子是按他父親名字取的名。
“名叫….”的表達(dá)方式
a student by the name of Susan
a student named Susan
a student whose name is Susan
a student, Susan by name
17. (Page19, Line46)It was not until……that 是一強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g.: It was not until midnight that I could go to sleep.
until 其他用法
e.g.: I waited until three o’clock, but he didn’t come.
He lived with his parents until he graduated from colleges.
He didn’t arrive until I returned.
They talked until dawn.
Not until 9 o’clock, did he get up. ( not until 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))
18. (Page19, Line48) purify v. 使純凈，凈化，提純
e.g.: Water is purified by passing through rock.水在穿過巖石的過程中得到凈化。
Hindus purify themselves by bathing in the Ganges.
印度教徒在恒河中洗澡借以洗凈他們的罪孽。
拓展
pure adj. 純的，純凈的
purely adv. 僅僅，完全，純粹地
e.g.: They met by pure chance.他們相遇純屬偶然。
pure gold 純金 pure wool純羊毛
e.g.: She took the job purely for money.她做這份工作，圖的就是錢。
19. (Page19, Line48)in large/ huge/ small quantities = (in quantity) 大(少)量的
拓展
a large quantity of = large quantities of … 大量的，許多的。其后可帶可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，又可帶不可數(shù)名詞。但a large quantity of + n.作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；large quantities of + n.作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
e.g.: Large quantities of CO2 are released into the air.
A large quantity of CO2 is released into the air.
e.g.: Large quantities of food ________ for the winter.
A. has stored B. has been stored
C. have stored D. have been stored
20. (Page19, Line50) mass
○1 adj.大量的，大規(guī)模的，大眾的
mass communication 大量傳達(dá) mass meeting 群眾大會(huì)
mass production 大量生產(chǎn) the mass media 大眾傳播媒體
○2 n. 塊，多數(shù)，大部分，大眾
a mass of earth 土塊
large masses of clouds 一大塊一大塊的云
the mass 大部分，主要部分
The mass of people in that country are Christian.
the masses 大眾，民眾
The masses are often the makers of history. 創(chuàng)造歷史的往往是民眾。
a mass of / masses of 多數(shù)，大量+ 【U】/【C】
e.g.: I have __________ of work to do today.
A. masses of B. a great number of
C. a good many D. a lot of
21. (Page19, Line450) due to =because of, owing to, on account of, as the result of
e.g.: The rent is due tomorrow. (應(yīng)付的, 到期的)
Have they been paid the money due to them. （應(yīng)得的）
His book is due to be published in October. （預(yù)定的，預(yù)期的）
The train is due in Beijing at 3 pm. （預(yù)定的，預(yù)期的）
The meeting is due to be held next week. （預(yù)定的，預(yù)期的）
The honor is due to him. (應(yīng)歸功于，應(yīng)給的)
22. (Page19, Line55) It is (was will be) …… before…… 過了（一段時(shí)間之后）才……
e.g.: It will be many years before we meet again.
要過許多年后我們才能再次相遇。
It will be three days before she comes home.
要過三天她才會(huì)回家來。
It was ten days before he left.
過了十天他就離開了。
It was several hours before we reached the village.過了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)我們才到那個(gè)村莊
拓展
It won’t be long before… 不久就會(huì)……了
It wasn’t long before… 不久就……
e.g.: It won’t be long before he comes back.不久他就會(huì)回來的。
It wasn’t long before he came to school.不久他就回到了學(xué)校。
23. (Page19, Line59) wonder drug…
○1 v.感到驚奇，驚訝，想知道
wonder about sth.感到好奇，想問，想知道
wonder后常接who/ what/ how/ if/ whether等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
e.g.: Have you ever wondered why she looks so sad?
她看上去這么傷心，你感到奇怪嗎？
e.g.: I was _wondering_ if you would like to come with me. 我不知道你是否愿意跟我一起去。
○2 n. 奇跡，奇觀； 驚奇 wonder child神童
It’s a wonder that … 奇怪的是…
(It’s) no/ small /little wonder that …難怪…/不太奇怪
e.g.: You haven’t added oil? No wonder the car doesn’t run. 你沒加油？難怪車子跑不起來。
Small wonder that he was so tired！難怪他這么累。
It’s no wonder that no one got hurt.沒人受傷，真是令人驚奇。
e.g.: He hasn’t slept at all for three days. C he is tired out.
A. There is point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way