Period5 Grammar and Usage

Teaching Objectives:

1.Use unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time.

2. Improve students’ ability of using unreal conditionals

Teaching Procedures:

Step1 Lead-in

Look at the two sentences

1.If it were Sunday, I would go hiking.2. If I were a bird, I could fly.

Think about the questions

1,If it were Sunday, what would you do?2.Is it real that it is Sunday today?

3.Is it possible for you to be a bird?

Step2 Presentation

虛擬語氣

1） 概念

　 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反

2） 在條件句中的應(yīng)用

　　條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣.

e.g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it .

如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件事的。

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

如果明天不下雨的話，我們就去公園。

一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。

條件從句 從 句 主 句

與現(xiàn)在事實相反 動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形

與過去事實相反 had + 過去分詞 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過去分詞

與將來事實相反 1.動詞過去式

2.should + 動詞原形

3.were to + 動詞原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形

1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果

e.g.我是你的話，我會馬上走。

If I were you , I would go at once.

e.g. 要是我哥在這兒，一切都沒問題了。

If my brother were here, everything would be all right.

Translation:

1、如果他有時間，他就會（可能）和你去。

e.g. If he _______ time, he ________________________ with you.

2、要是我是你，我就會/可能對他說實話。

e.g. If I ________ you, I _________________________ him the truth.

注：主句中should只用于第一人稱，從句中的should可用于任何人稱。

2.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)或結(jié)果

e.g. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer.

如果你早來幾分鐘的話，你就會（可能會）見到那個著名歌唱家。

e.g. If I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car.

如果我上星期有了這筆錢，我就會（可能）買1輛車。

Translation:

1、要是她早來五分鐘，她就能趕上早班車了。

e.g. If she ____________ five minutes earlier, she ______________the early bus.

2、如果你昨天在這里，昨天他就能找到你了。

e.g. If you _________here, he____________________ you yesterday.

3、表示與將來事實可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果

e.g. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.

明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

假如天下雨，莊稼就一定（有可能）得救。

If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out .

如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。

4.虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)換的形式

（1）省略連詞if

在書面語中，如果虛擬條件句中有were, had或should，可以把if省略，而把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。

Were I you (If I were you ), I would not do it

我要是你，就不做這事

Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.

他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。

( 2 )用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句

Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.

如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。

But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help)I couldn’t have done it.

要不是你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。

Step3. Practice

Do the exercises on Page 40 and 41.

Step4. More practice

Ex1. Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.

1.You didn’t let me drive. If we ____________(drive) in turn, you ________________(not get) so tired.

2.__________it ________(not be) for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.

3.--Has Mr. Smith recovered now?

--Yes. Who____________(think) that such a serious illness could be cured?

4.____________it _____________(rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off.

5.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it _____________________(organized) better.

6.Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if ____________________(get) a job, she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

7. Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _________________(invent) before.

8.-------Well done, Jack！

-----Thanks. But given more time, I________________(do) it better.

Ex2. Choose the right answer.

1. Everything if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.

A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed

C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed

2. The business is risky. But , we would be rich.

A. should we succeed B. we should succeed

C. might we succeed D. would we succeed

3. What would have happened, ________, as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

4. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

5. ______ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Was he leaving B. if he leaves

C. Were he to leave D. if he is leaving

6. Supposing this ship ,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?

A. were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk

7. I don’t think he’ll attend the party, and ______ he attend it, what would he wear?

A. were B. had C. did D. should

8. -- My boss often made me work day and night.

-- If I _____ you, I ______ the job.

A. am, will give up B. had been, would have given up

C. were, would give up D. had been, would give up

9. -- You can ask your brother for help.

-- He isn’t at home. If he _____, I ______.

A. were, would B. is, would C. is, will D. were, will

10. -- Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?

-- No, but if I ________ time, I _________ very glad to go there.

A. have, will be B. had had, would have been

C. had, would be D. had had, would be

11. --Sally finally got here from Chicago.

-- If she_______ earlier, we ______ her to the party then.

A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken

C. comes, will take D. had come, would take

12. If you _______ George, would you please tell him to ring me?

A. saw B. were to see C. had seen D. see

Keys: 1. had driven, wouldn’t have got 2. had, not been 3. would have thought

4. Were, to rain / Should, rain 5. could / might have been organized 6. were to get/should get/got 7.had been invented 8.could/would/might have done

Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12. D