Word power to Project language points
1. think of／think about／think over
這三個(gè)詞組都與“想”有關(guān)，但所表達(dá)的含義有所不同。
think of 多用來(lái)指“想起，認(rèn)為”。
Last night，before I went to bed，I thought of my parents．昨晚我睡覺(jué)前，想起了我的父母。
What do you think of that book？你認(rèn)為那本書(shū)怎么樣？
think about 多用來(lái)指“考慮某事情或?qū)δ呈逻M(jìn)行思考”。
Think about what you have done！想想你所做的這一切吧！
think over 意思是“仔細(xì)考慮，認(rèn)真思考”。
Before you answer this question，please think it over.在回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題之前，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真考慮一下。
2. former adj. 從前的
in former times 從前
The owner of that shop is Mr Brown - the former owner was Mr Johnson.
my former teacher我以前的老師
my late teacher 我已故的老師
the former 前者 the latter 后者
Of swimming and football he much preferred the former. 在游泳和足球中他更喜歡前者。
the former …the latter
We used to insist on the difference between love and liking. The former seemed much more beautiful than the latter. 我們?cè)?jīng)堅(jiān)持把愛(ài)和喜歡分開(kāi)。愛(ài)是比喜歡華麗許多的。
注：former, past, old 雖然都和過(guò)去有關(guān)，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。 former：“過(guò)去曾經(jīng)是...的、 前任….”, past: “過(guò)去的” old“老的、從前的”。
例如: former president 前總統(tǒng) past experience以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn) my old school我的母校
3. recently adv. 最近
I haven’t heard from her recently / lately.
The accident happened quite recently.
recent adj. 新近的, 近來(lái)的
recent news 最近新聞
a recent visit to the city 對(duì)這個(gè)城市最近的訪問(wèn)
recently, lately, later, presently 的區(qū)別：
recently: 最近，進(jìn)來(lái)，常與quite, just, but, very 搭配，用于過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
lately是副詞，意為“最近；近來(lái)”相當(dāng)于recently，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。通常用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句，肯定句。用only lately, as lately as 表示不久前。如：
I haven’t heard from him lately．我最近沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。
later為late的比較級(jí)，意為“較遲的（地）”。另外，還可用作副詞，意為“后來(lái)”。如：
He goes home later than anybody．他回家比誰(shuí)都晚。
See you later．回頭見(jiàn)。
presently: = soon ,不久，馬上
4. Twelve science labs are available for different experiments.
available
1) (物) 可得到的, 可用的
星期六演出的票弄不到了. There were no tickets available for Saturday’s performance.
This kind of book is not available in Rugao.
These facilities are available to members only.
There is only little money available for the trip.
2) (人) 可會(huì)見(jiàn)的, 有空的
I’m not available this afternoon.
5. develop
1). 養(yǎng)成, 培養(yǎng), 產(chǎn)生
他養(yǎng)成了讀書(shū)時(shí)記筆記的習(xí)慣.He has developed / formed the habit of making notes while reading.
我對(duì)歷史產(chǎn)生了興趣.I have developed an interest in history.
2) 發(fā)展, 發(fā)揚(yáng)
我們要發(fā)揚(yáng)優(yōu)點(diǎn),克服缺點(diǎn). We should develop our good points and overcome our shortcomings.
3) 開(kāi)發(fā), 培養(yǎng)
China is developing the west.
4) 沖洗(膠卷) develop the films
[拓展]
developing adj. 發(fā)展中的
developed adj. 發(fā)達(dá)的
development n. 發(fā)展with the development of … 隨著… 的發(fā)展
a developing country發(fā)展中國(guó)家 a developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
develop photos / pictures / photographs 沖洗照片
develop (……) from…… 由……發(fā)展而來(lái)
develop (……) into…… 發(fā)展成為……
with the development of 隨著……的發(fā)展
Plants develop from seeds
He developed the little store into a big department store.
The place has developed from a fishing port into a tourist centre.
6. donate vt. 捐贈(zèng)[獻(xiàn)]
donate …to … 把…捐獻(xiàn)給…
donate blood to a blood bank 向血庫(kù)獻(xiàn)血
donate 1, 000 dollars to a school給一所學(xué)校捐贈(zèng)1, 000美元
The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital. 這個(gè)商人捐給醫(yī)院很多錢(qián)。
donation n.捐贈(zèng)[獻(xiàn)]; 贈(zèng)品; 捐款
a blood donation 獻(xiàn)血
make / give a donation 捐贈(zèng)
7. gift n.[C] 贈(zèng)品；禮物
a birthday / Christmas gift
天賦，天資；才能
a person of many gifts 多才多藝的人
have a gift for 對(duì)...有天賦
Ex：他有詩(shī)/藝術(shù)/語(yǔ)言的天才。He has a gift for poetry / art / language.
gifted adj. 有才華的；有天才的
a gifted student
8. display vt. 展示，陳列
The museum is planning to display the new paintings it has bought.
The children's work was displayed on the wall.
n. 陳列, 展覽
(be) on display = (be) on show 正在展覽中
The work was on display.作品正在展出。
Display: 展示用以銷(xiāo)售
Show: 展示；秀
Exhibition: 展覽，展覽會(huì)，，顯示，公開(kāi)的表演，側(cè)重于收集品，文物等的展示。
9. kindness
do sb. a kindness = do sb. a favour 幫某人的忙; 為某人做好事
out of kindness 出于仁慈, 出于好意
Thank you for all your kindness. 感謝你的幫助。
He has done me many kindnesses. 他對(duì)我很關(guān)心。
10. speech
Speech is silver, but silence is gold. 緘默勝于善辯。
make a speech (on……) 發(fā)表演說(shuō)
lose one's speech 不能說(shuō)話, 說(shuō)不出話
an opening / a closing speech 開(kāi)幕/閉幕詞
11. attention n. 注意
Attention please, fellows! 伙計(jì)們,請(qǐng)注意!
pay / give attention to (doing) sth. 注意
attract / catch / draw one’s attention 引起某人的注意
call one’s attention to 叫某人注意某事
devote one’s attention to 專(zhuān)心于
focus one’s attention on 專(zhuān)心于
bring sth. to sb.’s attention 吸引某人注意某事
stand at attention 立正
He did not pay attention to the teacher.
She drew my attention to the point I had overlooked.
I will call his attention to this matter.
Ex: 注意在天黑之前準(zhǔn)備好一切。Pay attention to getting everything ready before dark.
11. please vt. 使…滿意，取悅
a picture that pleases the eye 一幅悅目的圖畫(huà)
It's difficult to please him.
Ex: 那個(gè)男孩子的成功使他父母很高興。
The boy’s success pleased his parents.
=His parents were pleased with/at the boy’s success.
as you please / like / wish 隨你的意思, 隨你喜歡
be easily pleased 容易說(shuō)話
be pleased to (do) 樂(lè)意; 承蒙; 肯
be pleased with / at 對(duì)……高興，滿意
please oneself 樂(lè)意怎樣就怎樣
I shall do as I please.
I’ll be pleased to lend you the book.
Ex：她對(duì)新房間很滿意。
She was pleased with her new room.
拓展：
1)pleased指外物作用于感官,使人感到"高興 、滿意、喜歡",常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)為:be pleased+不定式或從句,be pleased with, be pleased at (about)。例如:
I'm very pleased with the performance.
We're pleased about (at) your success.
I'm quite pleased that she has got such a good chance.
2)pleasant意為"令人愉快的,舒暢的,非常好的,討人喜歡的,風(fēng)趣的"。例如:
They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills.
Spring weather is pleasant.
He talked in a pleasant way.
3)pleasing指某物或某人"使他人高興、招人喜愛(ài)"。例如:
These flowers are very pleasing.
The girl has pleasing manners.
4)pleasure是名詞,指"快樂(lè),愉快的事,樂(lè)趣"。例如:It's a pleasure to meet you.
May I have the pleasure of dancing with you.
pleasant, pleasing, pleased的區(qū)別：
(1) pleasant 可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。修飾事物，不能修飾人。因此句子的主語(yǔ)只能是表示事物的詞語(yǔ)，而 不能是人。意思是“令人愉快的，令人高興的”。
I hope you'll have a pleasant holiday.我希望你能過(guò)一個(gè)愉快的假期。
(2) pleasing “令人高興的，令人愉快的”，表示寧?kù)o、 滿意、令人滿足之意。側(cè)重于表示接受對(duì)象的情感，傳遞主觀感受。比 pleasant 稍弱。主語(yǔ)可為人或事 物。
An actor should have a pleasing personality.表演者應(yīng)當(dāng)具有一種令人愉快的個(gè)性。
(3) pleased “高興的，感到滿意的”含義與glad基本相同。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)只能是“人”，而不能 是表示事物的詞語(yǔ)。be pleased with 表示“對(duì)……表示滿意”之意。
She had a pleased look 0n his face. 她臉上露出了滿意的表情。
12. dynasty
the Ming Dynasty 明朝王朝
change a dynasty 改朝換代
establish / found a dynasty 創(chuàng)建王朝
the fall of the Sui Dynasty and the rise of the Tang Dynasty 隋朝的覆滅和唐朝的興起
13. cover
from cover to cover 從頭到尾
under the cover of 在...掩護(hù)下; 打著...的幌子
Ex: 他通讀了全書(shū)。
He read the book from cover to cover. 部隊(duì)趁著夜色行軍。
The troops marched under the cover of night.
v. 覆蓋
She covered the table with a cloth.
be covered with / by
The whole village was covered with white snow .
行過(guò)（路程）；通過(guò)
I want to cover 100 miles by dark.
占（時(shí)間或空間）
The town covers (an area of) 5 square miles. 小鎮(zhèn)占地5平方英里。
涉及,包含
His studies covered a wide field. 他的知識(shí)淵博。
報(bào)導(dǎo),采訪
The best reporters were sent to cover the war.最優(yōu)秀的記者被派去作戰(zhàn)地報(bào)道。
負(fù)擔(dān)，彌補(bǔ)損失，補(bǔ)進(jìn)賣(mài)完的貨物
They are trying to cover the expenses these days.
14. regret n. 遺憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意 with regret 很抱歉地
vt. 遺憾, 惋惜; 抱歉悔恨, 懊悔悼念, 哀悼; 懷念, 想念
I regret (to say) that... 我很遺憾...; 很抱歉...
It is to be regretted that ... 使人遺憾的是...; 真可惜...
I regret to tell you that my friend is ill. 遺憾地告訴你, 我的朋友病了
To this day I do not regret having made that remark. 說(shuō)了這話, 我至今不后悔。
He died regretted by all. 他死了, 大家深感痛惜。
regret + sth. 對(duì)……惋惜，后悔
regret + doing 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事表示“遺憾，后悔”，即“做了某事而感到遺憾或后悔”
regret + that… that 從句 (從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 即should do, should 可以省略)
regret + to do 對(duì)將要發(fā)生的事表示“抱歉，遺憾”，即“遺憾地做某事”
regret to have done …./ having done / doing …對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾
regretful adj.
be regretful for... 后悔...
15. inform vt. 通知，告知
inform sb. of / about sth. 通知某人某事
inform sb. that…… / wh-…… 通知某人某事
be informed of 聽(tīng)說(shuō); 接到...的通知
keep ... informed 隨時(shí)向...報(bào)告情況
be well informed about sth.精通某事; 對(duì)某事消息靈通
I informed her mother of her safe arrival.= I informed her mother that she had safely arrived.
His letter informed us how and when he would arrive in Beijing.
Keep me informed of what happens.
Ex: 他把你的決定告訴了我。 He informed me of your decision.
校長(zhǎng)告訴我們下星期學(xué)校將停一天課。
The headmaster informed us that the school would be closed for one day next week.
16. run(1) 經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理
Some students will run a factory. 有些學(xué)生要辦一家工廠。
（2）開(kāi)動(dòng)（機(jī)器等）；駕駛；（使）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
I can’t run a truck. 我不會(huì)開(kāi)卡車(chē)。
（4）在…...上跑來(lái)跑去，跑過(guò)
We ran the course.我們沿那條道跑。
Run across sb/sth 偶然遇見(jiàn)某人/某物
run after 追趕，（尤指女性）追求（男子）
run out of用完，耗盡。 及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，有被動(dòng)形式。
run out 用完。不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式。
Give out 用完；耗盡；力竭。沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式。
Use up 用完；耗盡。有被動(dòng)形式。
1）I have run out of money.
2) Their food was running out fast so the climbers had to return.
3) His strength gave out after he ran that long distance.
4) They have used up their money.
run away with 和……一起逃跑／走
run over 撞倒某人并軋過(guò)其身體（之一部分）
run through意為“穿過(guò)；流過(guò)”等。
run into: 碰到, 和…相撞, 達(dá)到, 使…扎進(jìn)
He’ run into trouble in his job.
The car skidded and ran into a lamp-post.
The money they spent on the project ran into 100,000,000 Yuan.
The needle ran into her finger.
17. host n. 主持人，主人，東道主
a host country / city 主辦國(guó)/城市
Mr Brown was our host at the party.
The host team and the guest team won each of the games, so they were even with each other.
hostess n. 女主人, 女房東, 女老板, 女服務(wù)員
air hostess 空姐
host v. 主辦(宴會(huì)等); 款待, 作主人招待
The meeting was hosted by our university.
18. approve vt. / vi. 批準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)，贊成
approve + (of) + (doing) sth.
I don’t approve of your decision.
My parents don't approve of me / my smoking.
Ex: 我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 I don't approve of wasting time.
approval n. 贊成；贊許
He showed his approval by smiling. 他用微笑表示贊成。
6. broadcast
The CBS broadcasts the news at 7 p.m. 哥倫比亞廣播公司在下午七點(diǎn)播報(bào)新聞。
The news broadcast will be at 7.00.
He will appear on tomorrow's broadcast. 他明天將在廣播中出現(xiàn)。
The BBC broadcasts every day. 英國(guó)廣播公司每天廣播。
7. preparation
He has never done enough preparations for his examinations. 他對(duì)考試從來(lái)不作好充分準(zhǔn)備的。
be in preparation 在準(zhǔn)備中
in preparation for 作為...的準(zhǔn)備
make preparations for 為...作準(zhǔn)備
The country is making preparations for the war.
They have sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country.
Ex: 晚會(huì)正在準(zhǔn)備中。
The party is in preparation. 她買(mǎi)了一件新外套以備冬天之用。
She bought a new coat in preparation for winter. 他們?cè)跒檫@次考試做準(zhǔn)備。
They are making preparations for the examination.
8. close
a close friend
I live close to the shops.
They are close in age.
close to home 接近事實(shí)
What she said was very close to home.她說(shuō)的情況非常接近事實(shí)。
close adj. 不通風(fēng)的；悶熱的
close weather 悶熱的天氣
密切的，緊密的
We keep a close watch on the prisoners. （密切注意）
Teachers have a close relationship with the students.
9. continue
繼續(xù) vi. / vt.
The fighting continued for a week.
The road continues to the sea.
continue + (with) sth.
continue + doing / to do
I’ll continue (with) my study for another two years.
He continued to read / reading when I spoke to him.
持續(xù)……的情況，仍舊 vi.
I hope this wet weather will not continue.
The earthquake continued for about 15 minutes.
The weather continued (to be) cold.
to be continued 待續(xù)（用于報(bào)刊上連載的文章等）
10. generation
the present / past / coming generation 現(xiàn)在的/過(guò)去的/將來(lái)的一代人
the rising / young generation 青年
We belong to the same generation. 我們是同齡人。
from generation to generation
= generation after generation
= one generation after another 一代一代
11. select
She lets her son select his own Christmas present.
They were selected from many applicants. 他們是從許多報(bào)名者當(dāng)中選出來(lái)的。
selected poems / short stories 詩(shī)選/短篇小說(shuō)精選
12. require
require + sth. 需要某物
require / want / need + doing 需要(被)做某事
require / want / need+ to be done 需要(被)做某事
require + that……(should)…… 必須做…
It requires that ... 有...的必要
require sth. of sb. 對(duì)某人有...的要求
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
They require our help.
The room requires cleaning. = The room requires to be cleaned.
His health requires that he (should) go to bed early.
What do you require of me? 你要求我做什么？
All passengers are required to show their tickets. 所有乘客都必須出示車(chē)票。
Ex：這面墻需要修了。This wall requires repairing.= This wall requires to be repaired.
我需要他幫助我。I require that he (should) help me.
法院命令他交付罰款。
The court required that he (should) pay the fine. = The court required him to pay the fine.
requirement n.
meet one’s requirements / needs / demands 滿足某人的需要
13. scary
a scary movie / story
scared adj.
scare v.
a scared little girl
14. nature
against nature 違反自然的
keep / destroy the balance of nature
the beauties of nature 自然界的美
in nature 在自然界；本質(zhì)上
natural adj.
natural resources 自然資源
natural way 自然方式