Unit objectives
Draw students’ attention to the unit objectives. Ask them which of the activities they do most often in Chinese (e.g. listening to songs/reading magazine articles) and which they do least often (e.g. writing a formal letter to a newspaper). Do they have any problems with any of these activities in Chinese? Have they done any of these activities in English?
Warm-up
Objectives
Read newspaper and magazine articles and a formal letter.
Write a formal letter to a newspaper.
Listen to extracts from TV and radio programmes and a song.
Talk about the media, paparazzi and advertising.
Learn about passives and gerunds.
Teaching procedures:
I. Exercise 1
■ Students read through the Key Words and make a list of the things they can see on the page.
■ Students use a dictionary to check the three kinds of British newspaper.
Answers: ‘tabloid’ newspaper ‘quality’ newspaper computer magazine
fashion magazine TV programme (the news) website
II. Exercise 2
■ Read through the four types of programme.
■ Students listen to the cassette and identify the programmes
Answers
1 a game show 2 the news 3 a chat show 4 a sports programme
Tape script
1: Quizmaster: Now, if you get this question right, you and Tony go through to the final. Listen carefully. What Italian word do we use to describe photographers who follow famous people? Right, Janet, here’s your chance to get into the final.
Contestant: Is it the paparazzi?
Quizmaster: Yes, that’s absolutely right, the paparazzi! Congratulations, you’ve made it to …
2: Newsreader: … and the secretary of the United Nations is giving a news conference later today on the situation in the Middle East. Last night, two men and one woman were arrested by police after a bomb went off in the centre of …
3: Presenter: So, Alan, what made you leave television and go into films?
Guest: Ah well, I guess I wanted to see what I could do. I was in the same series for three years, and, er, I just wanted to go to Hollywood, you know, that had always been my dream.
Presenter: And how did you meet Spielberg? Did he …
4: Commentator: And there’s only five minutes left in this exciting cup match, and it’s still Liverpool one, Manchester United one. And Michael Owen pushes the ball out to the right …
III. Exercise 3
■ Read through the questions with the class.
■ Students work in pairs answering the questions.
■ Some of the students then tell the class about their partner.
Example: I listen to the radio every morning while I’m getting ready for school. And you?
1. Do you listen to the radio much? Which programmes?
2. How many hours of TV do you watch each week?
3. What are your favorite TV programmes?
4. What magazines do you read regularly?
5. Do you often read a newspaper? If so, which one?
6. Which paper do your parents read?
7. Do you sometimes use the Internet? What for?
IV. Key Words to learn:
1. medium adj. 中等的，不大不小的 middle, not big and not small
He is a man of medium height. 他是一個(gè)中等身材的男人。
n.[C] 居中之物，中間 something that is in the middle, not extreme nor the other
He likes to stick to a happy medium. 他喜歡信守中庸之道。
n.[C] 方法，媒介 the means by which something is done
A newspaper is a good medium for advertising. 報(bào)紙是廣告的好媒介。
Air is the common medium of sound. 空氣是聲音的普通介質(zhì)。
n.[C] 媒介物 a substance through which something acts or is carried
Television and radio are medium for propaganda. 電視和無(wú)線(xiàn)電是宣傳的工具。
（ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)： media, mediums ）
2. chat v. 閑談；聊天；非正式談話(huà) talk in a friendly way
For a few moments, the two women chatted. 兩位婦女交談了一會(huì)兒。
They chatted with each other. 他們?cè)谝黄鹆奶臁?/p>
n.[C] 閑談；聊天 friendly talk (usu. about unimportant thing)
Let’s have a chat. 咱們聊聊吧。
a friendly chat 友好的交談
a fireside chat 爐旁閑聊
a pleasant chat 愉快的閑聊
a society chat 社交性閑談
go into chat with sb. 開(kāi)始與某人聊天
enjoy a chat with sb. 喜歡與某人聊天
have a chat with sb. 與某人閑談
3. current n. 水流或氣流潮流 a continuous flow of water, air, or any liquid; a running stream
There is a strong current in the river. 河里有一股很強(qiáng)的水流。
The electric current has been shut off. 電流已被切斷。
n. 趨向，趨勢(shì) a general tendency; course, or movement
Newspapers influence the current of thought. 報(bào)紙影響思潮。
adj. 流通的；通用的 passing or handed on from person to person; in general use
This coin will pass current here. 這錢(qián)在這里通用。
adj. （指時(shí)間）時(shí)下的 (of time) now passing
I shall see you on the 9th current. 我將于本月9日來(lái)訪(fǎng)你。
current English 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)；日常英語(yǔ) current events 時(shí)事 current money 通用的貨幣
4. affair n.[C] 事；事情；事務(wù) something which a person is concerned with; a matter; business
Go away - this is my affair. 走開(kāi)--這是我的事情。
We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我們要關(guān)心國(guó)家大事。
Mind your own affairs. 少管閑事。
Last Saturday we listened to a report on current affairs. 上星期六我們聽(tīng)了一個(gè)時(shí)事報(bào)告。
civil affairs 民事 current affairs 時(shí)事 public affairs 公務(wù)
family affairs 家事 household affairs 家務(wù) a love affair 風(fēng)流韻事
foreign affairs 外交事務(wù) worldly affairs 世俗事務(wù) affairs of state 國(guó)家大事
5. bomb n. 炸彈 a kind of weapon with explosives in a container used to destroy the enemy by bursting
Bombs are dropped from planes. 炸彈從飛機(jī)上投下來(lái)。
an atom(ic) bomb 原子彈 gas bomb 毒氣彈 flare bomb 照明彈
vt. 轟炸 break something or hurt someone with a bomb
Our factory was bombed. 我們的工廠遭到轟炸。
bomb a city 轟炸城市
6. explode vi. 爆炸 burst suddenly with a loud noise
Bombs explode. 炸彈會(huì)爆炸。
Fortunately, no one was hurt when the gas main exploded. 當(dāng)煤氣總管爆炸時(shí)，幸好沒(méi)人傷著。
vi. （指笑聲、憤怒）發(fā)作，（指人）爆發(fā)（憤怒、笑聲）
(of laughter, anger) burst forth; (of a person) break out (into violent anger or laughter)
He exploded with laughter. 他哄然大笑。
At last his anger exploded. 最后他發(fā)火了。
vt. 引起爆炸 cause to explode
They exploded an atom bomb. 他們引爆一顆原子彈。
V. Homework: Debating and writing
Lesson 1 World News
Teaching Objectives:
■ To practise using the Passive.
■ To practise identifying the type of newspaper an article is from.
■ To talk about what is in the news.
Teaching difficulties: To practise using the Passive
Teaching Aids：computer; cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up: (T:) Do you care about what’s going on in the world? How do we know the news? With the development of communicating technology, we not only read words, listen to the sound but also see the pictures. World news plays an important in role in our life. What areas of the world are often in the news at the moment? Why? Now let’s read two stories of world news then learn to write world news as a reporter.
(S: We know what’s going on in the world by radio, newspaper, TV, or Internet at once.)
II. Reading: Read the text and do the exercise True or False.
1. G8 stands for eight presidents of the world’s wealthiest nations
2. The Group of Eight will be reformed this year.
3. G8 has decided to cancel the debt of Africa.
4. At 12:45 UK time today London’s name has been announced twice.
5. Prince William in New Zealand ask British to celebrate activities for the news
6. The topic of the meeting of G8 is about Africa.
Answers: 1F 2 F 3 F 4F 5F 6T
III. Listening and Reading: First listen to the cassette to improve your listening ability and correct your pronunciation. Read aloud again then do the exercise2 to answer the questions.
Answers:
1 Because scientists believe there will soon be a large volcanic explosion in that area.
2 They were moving to a safe zone in the north of the island.
3 They are going to give financial help to the islanders.
4 Because the government should have acted sooner and also because the people are being evacuated to areas that are still dangerous.
5 It measured 6.3 magnitude.
6 China, Germany, Russia and Spain are involved.
7 Because further quakes cannot be ruled out.
8 A special fund to rebuild the cities and towns which be announced.
IV. Language points
1. agenda n. pl. （常當(dāng)單數(shù)用）議程,節(jié)目單；應(yīng)辦之事
the first item on the agenda 議程上的第一項(xiàng)
The agenda has not yet been drawn up. 議程尚未擬妥。
2. nation n. 國(guó)家 a country with one government
France is a European nation. 法國(guó)是個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家。
All nations, big or small, should be equal. 國(guó)家不分大小，應(yīng)一律平等。
n. 國(guó)民 a group of people under one government
He leads the nation in lumber production. 他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)木材。
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.
當(dāng)全國(guó)人民聽(tīng)到這個(gè)噩耗時(shí)，都沉浸在極大的悲痛之中。
Far East nations 遠(yuǎn)東國(guó)家 an industrial nation 工業(yè)國(guó) neutral nations 中立國(guó)
the North Atlantic pact nations 北大西洋公約組織國(guó)家
peace loving nations of the world 世界上愛(ài)好和平的國(guó)家
a backward nation 一個(gè)落后的國(guó)家
Western nations 西方國(guó)家
build up a just nation 使國(guó)民逐步樹(shù)立正義感
the voice of the nation 國(guó)民的意見(jiàn)
n. 民族 a large group of people with the same race and culture
The Chinese nation is brave and hardworking. 中華民族是勤勞勇敢的。
an advanced nation 進(jìn)步的民族 Asian nations 亞洲各民族
English speaking nations 講英語(yǔ)的民族 a small and weak nation 弱小民族
white (yellow) nations 白（黃）種民族
3. poverty n.[U] 貧窮 being poor
In the old society, the labouring people suffered from poverty and illness.在舊社會(huì)，勞動(dòng)人民貧病交加。
poverty of blood 貧血 poverty of thought 思想的貧乏
4. reform vt. 改善；改革 make better; improve the condition, character, etc. of
We are going to reform this law. 我們即將改革這個(gè)法律。
He has reformed himself. 他已改過(guò)自新了。
vi. 改過(guò)自新 become better
The boy promised to reform if given another chance. 那個(gè)男孩答應(yīng)如果給他機(jī)會(huì)，他將改過(guò)自新。
n. 改善；改進(jìn) a change for the better, improvement
Our society needs reform. 我們的社會(huì)正需要改革。
reforms in the school system 教育制度改革
5. demand vt. 要求 to ask very strongly for something
We demand an apology from her. 我們要求她道歉。
The policeman demanded that the gate should be shut. 警察命令把大門(mén)關(guān)上。
He demanded to see the editors. 他要求見(jiàn)編輯。
vt. 需要 need something
This work demands care and patience. 這工作需要細(xì)心和耐心。
The task demands special knowledge. 這件工作需要專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)。
All this was demanded of me. 這些都是向我要的。
vt. 問(wèn) ask
The policeman demanded the boys’ names. 警察問(wèn)這些孩子們的名字。
“Where is Xiao Li?” he demanded. 他問(wèn)道“小李在哪？”
n. 要求，需求 the act of demanding, wanting something
His demand is not reasonable. 他的要求不合理。
Our supply can fully meet the demand. 我們的供應(yīng)可以充分滿(mǎn)足要求。
n. 要求之物 a thing demanded
I got my first demand. 我已得到我第一個(gè)要求。
a keen demand 迫切的需要 a poor demand 需要不大
consumer demand 消費(fèi)需要 eager demand for 對(duì)……的需要迫切
market demand 市場(chǎng)需要 meet the present demand 滿(mǎn)足目前的需要
6. debt n.[C] 債，債務(wù)，欠款 money that you must pay to someone
I must pay him a debt of ￥5. 我得還他五塊錢(qián)的債。
Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 血債要用血來(lái)還。
The debt that he owed her could never be paid. 他欠她的人情總也還不清。
a large debt 巨額債款 a national debt 國(guó)債 out of debt 不欠債 pay off the debt 還清債務(wù)
get (run) into debt: begin to owe money 開(kāi)始負(fù)債
She must be getting into debt. 她一定負(fù)債了。
to get out of debt: not owing money 不欠債
I wish I could get out of debt. 但愿我能還清債務(wù)。
It is much easier to run into debt than to get out of it. 欠債容易還債難。
in debt: owing money 負(fù)債；欠帳 He was always in debt. 他總是債務(wù)纏身。
He’s in debt to the bank because he bought that big house. 他因買(mǎi)下那座大房子而欠銀行的債。
7. belief n. 相信；信念；信仰 sure feeling that something is true
He had no great belief in Chinese medicine. 他不大相信中醫(yī)。
She has lost her belief in religion. 她已不信仰宗教了。
to the best of one’s belief: as far as one knows 就（某人）所知；深信
To the best of my belief there is no danger. 我深信沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)。
a firm belief 堅(jiān)定的信念 beyond belief 難以置信
give up one’s belief 放棄信仰 hold a belief that… 持有……的信念
strengthen(support)a belief 加強(qiáng)（支持）某個(gè)信念
8. announce vt. 宣布；發(fā)表 to make known publicly
The morning paper announced the death of Mr. Smith. 晨報(bào)發(fā)表了史密斯先生的死亡消息。
The news was announced by Radio Beijing. 這消息由北京（英語(yǔ)）廣播電臺(tái)發(fā)表了。
Jonathan announced that he had found a new job. 喬納森宣布他已經(jīng)找到新工作。
vt. 顯示；暗示 make known to the senses or mind
An occasional shot announced the presence of the enemy. 偶爾的一聲槍響，顯示了敵人的來(lái)臨。
vt. 通報(bào)；通知客到 make known the arrival or approach of
The servant came in and announced “Mr. Carson!” 仆人進(jìn)來(lái)通報(bào)：“卡森先生到！”
vt. 播報(bào)；廣播 serve as an announcer of
He announces the six o’clock news. 他播報(bào)六點(diǎn)鐘新聞。
be announced as in preparation 預(yù)告某事在準(zhǔn)備中
announce to the public 向公眾宣布
9. committee n. 委員會(huì) small group of people chosen by others to plan and organize
A committee was set up in the steel mill to solve the problem of pollution.
這個(gè)鋼鐵廠成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來(lái)解決污染問(wèn)題。
The bill has passed through the committee. 該提案已在委員會(huì)通過(guò)。
The committee meets in the townhall. 委員會(huì)在市政廳開(kāi)會(huì)。
an advisory committee 顧問(wèn)委員會(huì) a budget committee 預(yù)算委員會(huì)
a central committee 中央委員會(huì) a standing committee 常務(wù)委員會(huì)
a foreign affairs committee 外交事務(wù)委員會(huì) an organization committee 組織委員會(huì)
be elected into the committee 被選進(jìn)委員會(huì)
a committee with him as chairman 以他為主席的委員會(huì)
call in a committee 召集委員會(huì)
organize a committee 組織一個(gè)委員會(huì)
10. delighted n.[U] 快樂(lè)，欣喜 great pleasure or happiness
They got a good deal of delight from their children. 他們從孩子身上得到了很多的樂(lè)趣。
She read the book with delight. 她讀了這本書(shū)感到非常滿(mǎn)意。
n.[C] 令人喜悅的物或人 something or someone that gives great pleasure
Your daughter is a real delight. 你女兒是一個(gè)實(shí)在討人喜歡的人。
The novel is a delight. I am about one third through.這是本令人悅目的故事書(shū)，我大約讀了三分之一。
in delight 高興地 to my greatest delight… 使我極為高興的是 ……
with keen delight 非常高興地 give delight to sb. 使某人高興
vt. 給人快樂(lè)；使欣喜 make someone very pleased, happy, etc.
Her dancing delighted everyone. 她的舞蹈使人人高興。
vi. 喜歡，喜好 have great pleasure
He seems to delight in making other people suffer. 他似乎喜好使他人受苦。
They were delighted that the date of the conference had been fixed. 會(huì)議的日期定了，他們很高興。
She was delighted at receiving so many letters and telegrams.收到了這么多的信和電報(bào)她感到很愉快。
I’m really delighted with the news. 我真喜歡這個(gè)消息。
11. publish vt. 公布 to make known to the public
Today’s newspaper published this news. 今天的報(bào)紙發(fā)表了這個(gè)消息。
vt. 出版；發(fā)行 to print for sale to the public
The book was published in 1980. 那本書(shū)是在1980年出版的。 the publishing house 出版社
V. Grammar ( The Passive ): Do the exercises 3, 4 and 5
VI. Practise writing: Do the exercise 6
VII. Homework: International organization has provided a one-week camp for some African children with AIDS. Write a short 100-word news report for a local newspaper.
Lesson 2 The Paparazzi
Teaching aims:
1. To practise listening for specific information
2. To practise expressing opinions, agreeing and disagreeing
3. To practise using phrasal verbs
Teaching difficulties:
1. To practise listening for specific information
2. To practise expressing opinions, agreeing and disagreeing
Teaching Aids: computer; cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up: What do you know about the paparazzi? They take photographs of famous people’s private lives. For example so many people were once interested in Princess Diana’s private life, trying to follow her every where. What’s the result? If you are famous man or woman, will you be pleased to be followed and be taken picture of? Let’s listen other people’s opinion, first let’s read some words because you will hear these words in the radio programmes.
II. Listening：Do the exercise 2 , 3 and 4
Maybe you like reading the story about famous people’s private life written by Pararazzi. Now what do you think of the pararazzi?
III. Voice your opinion: What do you think of he argument that taking photographs of famous people is part of new reporting? Do you agree? Why or why not?
IV. Listening: Do the exercise 6 and 7
Listen again and check your answers. Which expressions above show strong agreement or disagreement?
V. Pronunciation: Do the exercise 8
VI. Writing and speaking: Do the exercise 9, 10 and 11 to practise expressing own opinion.
VII. Key Words to learn:
1. analyse vt. 分析語(yǔ)法成分separate into its grammatical elements；分析研究determine the nature of
Analyse the following sentences. 分析下列句子。
Analyse water into oxygen and hydrogen. 把水分解成氧和氫。
Analyse a complex sentence into several clauses. 把這個(gè)復(fù)合句分析成幾個(gè)句子。
2. arise (過(guò)去式： arose 過(guò)去分詞： arisen ) vi. 起床；起立 get up; stand up
We arose at 5 a.m.. 我們?cè)绯课妩c(diǎn)起床。
vi. 發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生；開(kāi)始 happen; start
How did the quarrel arise? 爭(zhēng)吵是怎樣發(fā)生的？
I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen.
我本來(lái)想事情很容易，但是出現(xiàn)了許多問(wèn)題。
A strong wind arose in the night. 夜間起了大風(fēng)。
vi. 向上；上升 move upward; ascend
When I started off, the sun was arising. 我出發(fā)時(shí)太陽(yáng)正在升起。
3. blame vt. 責(zé)怪 to say that a person did something wrong
When he arrived late, Mr. Drake blamed the bad traffic. 由于德雷克遲到了，他抱怨起糟糕的交通。
Bad workmen blame their tools. （諺）技術(shù)拙劣的工人埋怨自己的工具。
vt. 應(yīng)怪；歸咎于……；歸罪于…… say or think that something bad or wrong is caused by
You are to blame in this.這事要怪你。 He blamed his failure on his teacher.他把失敗歸咎于他的老師。
4. willing adj. 愿意的，心甘情愿的 ready; consenting
I am willing to help you. 我愿意幫助你。
adj. 樂(lè)于 given in a cheerful way
The teacher offers us willing help on the difficult problems. 老師樂(lè)于幫助我們解難題。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. （諺）心頭有志愿，無(wú)事不可能。
will n.[C] 意志；意志力；決心 power of your mind that makes you choose, decide, and do things
He has strong will, and nothing can stop him doing what he wants.
他意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，想干的事任何力量都阻止不了。
He has no will of his own. 他沒(méi)有主見(jiàn)。
n.[C] 遺書(shū)；遺囑 piece of paper that says who will have your money, house, goods, etc. when you die
My aunt left me ￡2,000 in her will. 我嬸嬸在遺書(shū)上將兩千英鎊遺贈(zèng)給我。
He was left ￡1,000 in his uncle’s will. 他叔父（或伯父等）的遺囑規(guī)定贈(zèng)給他一千英鎊。
n.[U] 愿望；目的 wish; plan
He did it against his will. 他違背自己的意愿這樣做。
He was very ill but he got better because he had a will to live.
他病重，但因?yàn)樗兄钕氯サ囊庠�，病情好轉(zhuǎn)了。
He married her against the will of her parents. 他不顧她父母的反對(duì)娶了她。
5. self n. 自己；自我 one’s own person; by oneself; for oneself
He looks just like his former self. 他看上去和以往一樣。
He is self taught and never went to school. 他是自學(xué)的，沒(méi)有上過(guò)學(xué)。
She worked without a thought of self. 她忘我地工作。
self defence 自衛(wèi) self-educated 自學(xué)的；自修的
self help 自助；自立 self-supporting 自立的；自給的
to rise above your self 去掉你的私心；舍己為人
the study of the self 自我探討
6. employ vt. 雇用 to use (someone) as a paid worker
The factory employs two hundred people. 工廠雇用了兩百人。
He’s employed at the station. 他在車(chē)站工作。
vt. 使用 to make use of
How do you employ your spare time? 你怎樣利用業(yè)余時(shí)間？
employ men according to their abilities 量才錄用
employ oneself in (on) 從事；花時(shí)間在 spend one’s time
Instead of wasting time, she employed herself in reading. 她不再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而是努力讀書(shū)了。
7. legal adj. (無(wú)比較級(jí)、最高級(jí))法律 (上) 的,有關(guān)法律的
a legal adviser 法律顧問(wèn) legal medicine 法醫(yī)學(xué)
adj. 法律所要求 的,法定的 legal interest 法定利息（利率）
a legal fare 法定車(chē)資（票價(jià)）
the legal age for smoking 可以吸煙的法定年齡
adj. 合法的,正當(dāng)?shù)?It is his legal right to appeal. 上訴是他的正當(dāng)權(quán)利。
8. attempt vt. 嘗試；試圖 to try
We attempted an attack by night. 我們?cè)噲D夜襲。
They have attempted a difficult task. 他們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了一項(xiàng)艱難的工作。
They attempted to finish the work within a month. 他們?cè)噲D在一個(gè)月內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
We attempted to break through the lines of the enemy. 我們企圖突破敵人的封鎖線(xiàn)。
n. 企圖；試圖 the act of trying
He made an attempt to pass the exam, but it was too difficult. 他試圖通過(guò)考試，但考試太難了。
The first attempt to climb Mount Everest failed. 第一次攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的嘗試失敗了。
This is my first attempt at English composition. 這是我第一次英語(yǔ)作文的嘗試。
There has been an attempt on the President’s life. 曾經(jīng)有人企圖殺害總統(tǒng)。
a brave attempt 一次勇敢的嘗試 a successful attempt 成功的嘗試
make an attempt to do sth. 試圖做某事 an attempted murder 謀殺未遂
9. defend vt. 防守；保衛(wèi) guard someone or something; fight to keep away dangerous things or people
The people defended the town against the foreign invaders. 人民保衛(wèi)城鎮(zhèn)，抵抗外國(guó)侵略者。
He defended his comrades from harm. 他保護(hù)同志使其不受傷害。
defend oneself against the enemy 防御敵人
defend sb. from harm 保護(hù)某人免受傷害
vt. 聲援；為……辯護(hù) speak or write to help someone in trouble
He had a good lawyer to defend him. 他有一個(gè)好律師為他辯護(hù)。
You are defending yourself. 你在為自己辯護(hù)。
10. process n. 制作法；程序 how you do or make something; piece of work, step by step
He explained the process of building a boat. 他解釋了造船的工序。
The training of astronauts is a long process. 訓(xùn)練宇航員是個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程。
11. profit n. （金錢(qián)上的）盈利,利潤(rùn),收益
clear [net] profit 凈利 gross profit 毛利
profit and loss 損益,損益類(lèi)
make a profit on (sales of…) 在（出售）……上獲利
Newspapers make a profit from(out of) the advertisements they carry.
報(bào)紙由其所刊登的廣告獲取利益。
They sell it at a profit of a thousand dollars. 他們賣(mài)掉它賺了一千美元。
n. 利益,好處
You will gain [get] profit from your studies. 你將從念書(shū)中獲得益處。
I have read it with profit (to my great profit). 我讀完它之后得益匪淺（大受裨益）。
There is no profit in complaining (complaint). 抱怨也得不到任何好處（無(wú)濟(jì)于事）。
vi. 從（……）得到利益（by, from）
Who profits by his death? 誰(shuí)因他之死而得到利益?
A wise person profits by (from) his mistakes. 智者由自己的過(guò)失中得到教益。
vi. 由…獲利（by, from）
I profited greatly by my travels in Europe and America. 我由赴歐美之行中獲得很多好處。
12. favor n. 好意,親切,善意 treat a person with favor 善意地對(duì)待某人
n. 親切的行為,幫忙; 請(qǐng)求 ask a favor of a person 請(qǐng)某人幫忙,求助于某人
I have a favor to ask of you. 我要請(qǐng)你幫忙; 我有件事求你。
n. 照顧,惠顧; 寵愛(ài); 支持,贊成
win a person’s favor 獲得某人的提拔,得某人歡心（好感）
be (stand) high in a person’s favor 甚受（某人）垂愛(ài)（寵愛(ài)）; 甚得（某人）好感
by favor 靠某人的偏愛(ài)
vt. （對(duì)計(jì)劃、提議等）表示好感,贊成 favor a proposal 贊成提議
vt. 支持……；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)……，贊助…… Fortune favors the brave. （諺）幸運(yùn)眷顧勇者; 勇者得到好運(yùn)。
vt. 惠賜（賞給）（某人）（……）（with）
Will you favor us with a song? 請(qǐng)唱一支歌給我們聽(tīng)好嗎?
Will you favor me with an interview? 可否惠賜面談?
in favor of : 贊同，支持 like the idea of something
I am in favour of your suggestion. 我支持你的建議。
be in or out of favour with: 得寵或失寵 be liked or not liked by someone
Oliver works hard so he is in favour with his boss. 奧利弗工作努力所以很得老板的歡心。
13. attitude n. 態(tài)度；看法 what one thinks about something
His attitude to (or towards) me was that of a comrade. 他對(duì)我的態(tài)度是同志的態(tài)度。
What’s your attitude to this idea? 你對(duì)這種想法抱什么態(tài)度？
I don’t like his unfriendly attitude. 我不喜歡他那不友好的態(tài)度。
n. 姿態(tài)；姿勢(shì) the way in which one stands, sits, etc.; the position of the body
He stood there in a threatening attitude. 他以咄咄逼人的神態(tài)站在那里。
He was sitting in a lazy attitude. 他懶洋洋地坐著。
14. pretend v. 假裝；佯裝 put on or show a false appearance of; make oneself appear (to be or do); act in such a way as to make people believe
She pretended illness. 她裝病。
She didn’t want to talk, so she pretended asleep. 她不想說(shuō)，所以她假裝睡著了。
He pretended not to have heard about it. 他假裝沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)這事。
Let’s play a game and pretend that we’re policemen. 我們來(lái)做游戲，假裝我們是警察。
She wasn’t really crying; she was only pretending. 她不是真哭，是假裝的。
v. 宣稱(chēng)；自稱(chēng) (pretend to) insist on a right to; make a claim to; claim falsely to have
She pretends to beauty. 她自以為貌美。
She pretends to various abilities she doesn’t possess. 她自稱(chēng)有種種才能，其實(shí)她并沒(méi)有。
15. hire vt. 租；雇傭 pay to use something, or to use someone's help
Can I hire a car for three days? 我能租輛車(chē)用三天嗎？
He hired a car with a driver. 他租了一輛帶司機(jī)的汽車(chē)。
We decided to hire a boat for the day. 我們決定當(dāng)天雇一只船。
hire a man to do a certain piece of work 雇一個(gè)人去做某件工作
n. 雇用（人）；租用（物品） the act or right of employing a person or using a thing in return for payment
This car is for hire. 這輛汽車(chē)供出租用。
He has horses on hire. 他有馬匹出租。
hire out: 出租 let someone hire something from you
He makes a living by hiring out horses. 他靠出租馬匹為生。
Mr. Jackson hires out bicycles. 杰克遜先生出租自行車(chē)。
16. respect vt. 尊敬；敬佩 to show honour towards; admire
Our teacher is highly respected by all. 我們的老師極受大家的尊敬。
We respect our elders. 我們尊敬長(zhǎng)輩。
I deeply respect her courage. 我非常敬佩她的勇氣。
vt. 重視 have regard to
You ought to respect his opinions more. 你應(yīng)該更加重視他的意見(jiàn)。
vt. 顧慮；注意 regard as important; pay attention to
We must respect their national customs. 我們要尊重他們的民族風(fēng)俗。
We must respect his sorrow. 我們應(yīng)同情他的悲傷。
n. 尊敬 feeling of honour; admiration
They have a great respect for his ability. 他們十分尊重他的才能。
He was treated with little respect. 他得不到尊重。（他受到輕慢的對(duì)待。）
n. 敬意；問(wèn)候 polite greetings
Please give your father my respects. 請(qǐng)代我向你父親致意。
n. 點(diǎn)；方面；細(xì)事 a special point, matter, or detail
In that respect you are quite right. 在那一點(diǎn)上，你完全正確。
to show respect for one’s parents 尊敬父母 treat sb. with respect 以禮相待
in respect of (to): 關(guān)于 with respect of (to); regarding
In respect of what you say, there is nothing more that we can do.
關(guān)于你談的事我們?cè)僖矝](méi)有什么事可做了。
VIII. Homework: Do the exercises in the Language Power
Lesson 3 World News
Teaching aims:
1. To read a text about advertisement development
2. To learn and practise – ing form.
3. To discuss advertising
Teaching difficulties: To learn and practise – ing form.
Teaching Aids：computer
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up: Can you think of some advertisements you have seen ? Where you have seen advertising? (show some pictures) lead students to talk about the topic. Do you think advertisement will mislead us by make us believe a product is better than it really is? When you buy something will you be affected by advertisement? What do you think of the design of nowadays advertisements? wonderful or dull?
II. Reading: Read the text to do the exercise “True or False”
1. “Tsing Dao Beer” tells you 3 pieces of information so it is attractive.
2. Advertisement must be attractive and creative.
3. The purpose of all advertisement is to make customer spend money.
4. Producing public advertisement mentioned in the text is free.
5. The text inferred that advertisement is trying to sell you something makes customers bored.
6. The purpose of advertisement is creating something that has never been seen before.
7. Standing out your advertisements is not easy because people are used to high standards of visual design. Answers: FTFFTFT
III. Correct errors:
1. Other common ideas including happiness, wealth and success.
2. This is often not enough to noticing in a modern city.
3. Repeat old ideas is not a successful idea.
4. Using humor as well as unusual ideas to surprise people are important.
5. The main purpose of the advertisement is make customers spend money.
6. People are used to see high standards of visual design.
7. People simply enjoy look at attractive advertisements.
Keys: 1. including改為 include 2. noticing改為be noticed 3. repeat 改為 repeating
4. are 改為is 5. make改為 making 6. see 改為 seeing 7. look改為 looking
IV. Listening and Speaking: Do the exercise 3
V. Language points and vocabulary:
1. advertise vt. 為……做廣告,登……的廣告
advertise for salesman 找推銷(xiāo)員的廣告
vt. （在……）登……的廣告（in）
It has been advertised in the magazine. 已在雜志上刊登了廣告。
vt.（~ oneself）自我宣傳（為……） Stop advertising yourself. 少自我宣傳了。
vi. 廣告 It pays to advertise. 登廣告是值得的。
vi. 登廣告（征求……）（for） advertise for a house to rent 房屋登廣告招租
advertisement n. (具體的文件) 廣告; 宣傳（略作 ad., adv., advt.）
an advertisement for a situation 求職廣告
advertisement help to sell products. 登廣告有助于推銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品。
2. certain adj. 可靠的；肯定無(wú)疑的 sure; not doubtful
I am certain he’ll come, in spite of the bad weather. 盡管天氣不好，我確信他會(huì)來(lái)的。
He is certain to do his duty. 他肯定會(huì)盡職。
I’m certain that he has wronged me. 我確信他委曲了我。
Are you certain about (=of) it? 你對(duì)此有把握嗎？
Nothing is yet certain. 什么都沒(méi)有定下來(lái)。（現(xiàn)在一切尚未肯定。）
I am very certain about that. 我對(duì)那事確定無(wú)疑。
He is certain of success. 他必然成功。
He is certain to come. 他一定來(lái)。
adj. 某一；一些 some
A certain person called on you yesterday. 昨天有個(gè)人來(lái)探訪(fǎng)你。
Certain things are not openly spoken about. 有些事是不能公開(kāi)說(shuō)的。
for certain 肯定地；確鑿地 without any doubt; certainly
I shall be there for certain. 我一定會(huì)在那兒的。
I know for certain that he has a car. 我肯定知道他有一輛車(chē)。
make certain （把……）弄確實(shí)；搞清楚 find out about something so that you are sure
Please make certain that the river is not deep before you swim there.
請(qǐng)你搞清楚河水確實(shí)不深再去游泳。
3. corporation n.[C] 法人；公司；團(tuán)體 a number of persons allowed by law to act as one e.g. for purpose of business
John works for a large American chemical corporation. 約翰為一家美國(guó)大化學(xué)公司工作。
The corporation has branch offices in several cities. 這家公司在幾個(gè)城市里都有辦事機(jī)構(gòu)。
a government corporation 政府社團(tuán) a public corporation 公營(yíng)公司
a public service corporation 公共事業(yè)公司 a special corporation 特別法人
trade corporation 商業(yè)公司 a trading corporation 貿(mào)易公司
build up a corporation 建立一家公司 buy up a corporation 買(mǎi)下一個(gè)公司
4. brand n.[C] 品質(zhì),品牌,品種 ; n.[C] (特別的) 種類(lèi)
I like his brand of humor. 我喜歡他那種獨(dú)特的幽默。
vt. 玷辱,污辱（人）; 印（……的）商標(biāo)于（with）
brand a person with (in) fame 給某人玷上污名
They branded him (as) a traitor. 他們給他加上叛逆者的污名。
vt.（不好的往事）將（某事）烙�。ㄔ谛纳希�,銘刻 (on, upon)
The war has branded an unforgettable lesson on our minds. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在我們心上烙下了永志難忘的教訓(xùn)。
5. suitable adj. 合適的；適當(dāng)?shù)?right for a person, happening, place, etc.
Thick clothes are not suitable for hot weather. 厚衣服不適于熱天穿。
Do you think this present is suitable for a little boy? 你認(rèn)為把這件禮物送給一個(gè)小男孩合適嗎？
These clothes are suitable for a weekend in the country. 這些衣服在鄉(xiāng)下度周未時(shí)穿合適。
a suitable house 合適的房子
6. consist vi. 由……組成（構(gòu)成） be made up of something
The United Nations Organization consists of over 160 nations. 聯(lián)合國(guó)組織由一百六十多個(gè)國(guó)家組成。
The class consists of ten boys and twelve girls. 這個(gè)班由十個(gè)男孩和十二個(gè)女孩組成。
a farm consisting of 1,500 mu 有一千五百畝土地的農(nóng)場(chǎng)
All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms. 一切物體都由分子組成，而分子由原子組成。
consist most (entirely) of 大半（全部）由……組成
A potato consists mainly of starch. 馬鈴薯的主要成分是淀粉。
vi. 合于；并存；一致 be in harmony with
The students’ proposal consists with reason. 學(xué)生們的建議是合理的。
That consists with our principle. 那與我們的原則相一致。
Theory should consist with practice. 理論應(yīng)與實(shí)踐相一致。
vi. 在于 (consist in ; consist largely in 主要在于 ) contain as an essential element; lie in
Happiness consists in trying to do one’s duty. 幸福在于履行自己的責(zé)任。
Our greatest happiness consists in serving the people. 我們最大的幸福就是為人民服務(wù)。
cf: make up
編造，虛構(gòu) think of a story; imagine something that is not true
The student made up an excuse for his being late. 那個(gè)學(xué)生為他的遲到編造了一個(gè)借口。
Their father is good at making up bed time stories. 他們的父親很擅長(zhǎng)睡覺(jué)前編些故事講給他們聽(tīng)。
He asked us each to make up a dialogue. 他讓我們每人編一段對(duì)話(huà)。
組成，形成 put together, compose
Six women and nineteen men make up the committee. 六位婦女和十九位男人組成了這委員會(huì)。
They make up one-third of the province’s population. 他們占全省人口的三分之一。
Make up sentences with the words given. 用所給的詞組成句子。
調(diào)停，和解 end a quarrel
The two friends have only just made it up after their quarrel. 這兩朋友吵架后剛剛和好。
They had an argument, but they have already made up. 他們有過(guò)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在他們已和解了。
化裝，打扮 put something on the skin to look more beautiful or different
The girl made up her face carefully before going to meet James.
這姑娘在與詹姆斯會(huì)面之前，精心地打扮了一番。
It took her more than an hour to make herself up. 她花了一個(gè)多小時(shí)才打扮好。
She was slightly made up. 她稍稍涂了一點(diǎn)脂粉。
補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ) be a compensation for
You are responsible for the money and you will have to make up the loss.
這筆款由你負(fù)責(zé)，如有丟失，你得賠償。
They made up for their inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson.
他們每課都仔細(xì)準(zhǔn)備，以此彌補(bǔ)自己經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足。
She’s making up for all the playing she missed. 她在彌補(bǔ)她過(guò)去失去的所有玩耍的機(jī)會(huì)。
They have made up for the loss. 他們己彌補(bǔ)了損失。
I have not worked this term, but I will make up for it next term.
這學(xué)期我沒(méi)干什么，不過(guò)我要在下學(xué)期彌補(bǔ)上。
配制 prepare by mixing ingredients, mix
He made up a bottle of cough medicine. 他配了一瓶咳嗽藥水。
包扎，把……打成包 wrap up, fasten up
He made up the books into a parcel and sent it to his friend by mail. 他把書(shū)包成一包，郵給他的朋友。
草擬，編制 draw up, compile
The Party committee secretary made up the document personally. 黨委書(shū)記親自草擬了這份文件。
They have made up a list. 他們已列了一張表。
7. budget n.[C] （政府等的）預(yù)算案; 預(yù)算表; 預(yù)算（額）,經(jīng)費(fèi)
an advertising budget of $5000 五千美元的廣告預(yù)算 a defense budget 國(guó)防預(yù)算
n.[C] （家庭等的）預(yù)算,家計(jì); 生活費(fèi)（for）
make a monthly budget for a family 作每個(gè)月的家庭預(yù)算
n.[C] （為某種目的之）預(yù)算
on a budget 以有限的預(yù)算; 預(yù)算有限的 with in a budget 在預(yù)算之內(nèi)（的）
8. boom n.[C] 突然的好景氣; 聲望之突然提高; 繁榮（時(shí)期）
a war boom 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)所帶來(lái)的景氣（軍需的生意興�。�
adj. （口語(yǔ)）突然上漲的,忽然興旺起來(lái)的
a boom industry 忽然興旺起來(lái)的工業(yè) boom prices 一時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)景氣所帶來(lái)之物價(jià)上揚(yáng)
vi. 突然繁榮起來(lái); 忽然大得人心
Business is booming. 工商業(yè)正日趨繁榮。
Alaska boomed with the discovery of oil. 阿拉斯加因發(fā)現(xiàn)石油而突然繁榮起來(lái)。
9. stand out 站開(kāi)；站出來(lái) move away or stand apart in open view
The medic asked those who had not had their physical examination to stand out.
軍醫(yī)請(qǐng)那些未受過(guò)體格檢查的人站出來(lái)。
突出；出色 be easily seen above or among others
Ruth stands out because she is so lovely. 露絲很突出，因?yàn)樗L(zhǎng)得那么可愛(ài)。
Red stands out against a white background. 在白底上紅色顯得特別醒目。
Your work stands out from the rest. 你的工作比別人做得出色。
She is two meters in height and stands out in the crowd. 她身高兩米，在人群中很引人注目。
stand firm 堅(jiān)決；堅(jiān)定 stand fast; refuse to budge
They stood firm in their demand for friendship with China. 他們堅(jiān)決要求和中國(guó)締結(jié)友好。
10. concept n. 概念；觀念 a thought; an idea; a general notion
A small baby has no concept of right and wrong. 小孩不懂什么是正確和錯(cuò)誤。
11. approach n. 靠近；臨近；接近 going near or nearer to a place
The enemy ran away at our approach. 在我們接近時(shí)，敵人跑了。
We heard the approach of the train. 我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)火車(chē)開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)了。
n. 方法；步驟；通路；通道 the way or means of reaching a place; a road, path, etc.
The approach to the house was a narrow path. 通往這房子的路是一條狹窄的小徑。
The best approach to learn a foreign language is the study of the spoken language.
學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的最好的途徑是學(xué)口語(yǔ)。
at the approach of winter 冬季將臨的時(shí)候 at our approach 當(dāng)我們接近時(shí)
be easy of approach 容易到達(dá)；容易接近 on the approach of death 臨死的時(shí)候
with the approach of winter 隨著冬季的來(lái)臨 make approaches to sb. 想親近某人
v. 走近；靠近；接近 come near or nearer to someone or something
You must approach the bird very quietly or it will fly away.
Walk softly as you approach the bed. 當(dāng)你走近床時(shí)，請(qǐng)走輕些。
This sum of money approaches the required amount. 這金額已經(jīng)接近要求的數(shù)目了。
The summer is approaching. 夏季即將來(lái)臨。 National Day is approaching. 國(guó)慶節(jié)即將來(lái)臨。
approach sb. about sth. 為某事同某人打交道
approach sb. for information 向某人了解情況 approach sb. with a suggestion 向某人建議
12. contemporary adj. （無(wú)比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)）（人、作品等）同時(shí)代的,當(dāng)代的
Byron and Wordsworth were contemporary. 拜倫和渥茲華斯是同時(shí)代的人。
Elizabethan plays are often presented in contemporary costume. 伊麗莎白時(shí)代的戲劇（演員）。
adj. 同時(shí)代的[with]
Byron was contemporary with Wordsworth. 拜倫和渥茲華斯是同時(shí)代的人。
adj. 當(dāng)今的,現(xiàn)代的
contemporary literature (writers) 現(xiàn)代文學(xué)（作家） contemporary art 現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)
n.[C] 同時(shí)代的人（物）; 現(xiàn)代的人
n.[C] 同時(shí)代的新聞（雜志等） our contemporaries 和我們同時(shí)代的人; 現(xiàn)代人
n.[C] 2 年齡相仿（年紀(jì)差不多）的人; 同期生
my contemporaries at school 在學(xué)校和我同期的同學(xué)
13. contribution n. 捐助；貢獻(xiàn)；促成 the act of contributing
It forms a substantial contribution to the subjects of acoustics. 它對(duì)聲學(xué)諸問(wèn)題作出了實(shí)質(zhì)性的貢獻(xiàn)。
We made a contribution to the disaster area. 我們捐助災(zāi)區(qū)。
n. 捐款；捐贈(zèng)的物品 money, help, etc.
We gave a contribution of clothing to the Red Cross. 我們向紅十字捐贈(zèng)了一些衣服。
He sent his hat round to collect contributions. 他向人募集捐款。
n. 稿件 something written for a newspaper or magazine
The magazine included many interesting contributions. 那本雜志收進(jìn)了許多有趣的稿件。
14. citizen n. 公民；市民 someone who belongs to a country or town
I’m a citizen of Switzerland, not Austria. 我是瑞士公民，不是奧地利公民。
a citizen of London 倫敦公民 fellow citizens 同胞
law abiding citizens 守法的公民 peace loving citizens 愛(ài)好和平的國(guó)民
a plain citizen 普通公民 a United States citizen 美國(guó)公民
a woman citizen 女公民 a world citizen 世界公民
protect citizens 保護(hù)公民 oppress citizens 壓迫公民
a citizen of the world (=a world citizen) 世界公民
14. sb / sth be likely to do = It is likely that 有可能， 有希望的
Tickets are likely to be expensive. 入場(chǎng)券可能很貴
It is likely that the thieves don’t know how much it is worth. 盜賊很可能不知道此物的價(jià)值。
15. link A to / with B 與……相聯(lián)系
The video was linked to a powerful computer. 攝像機(jī)與一臺(tái)功能強(qiáng)大的 計(jì)算機(jī)相連接。
The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.
英吉利海峽隧道把英國(guó)和歐洲其他國(guó)家連接起來(lái)了。
VI. Grammar: Do the exercise 6, 8 and 9
VII. Practise spoken English: Work in groups of four. Choose one advertisement from a local newspaper or magazine and describe it VIII. Homework: Do the exercise 10
Lesson 4 What’s in the Papers?
Objectives
To practise dealing with cultural references in texts.
To practise identifying the type of newspaper an article is from.
To practise using compound adjectives.
To create an article for a local newspaper.
I. Pre-Reading: What is often reported in the newspapers? Give some examples.
II. Reading: Read the newspaper articles and match them with the headlines.
1) Bad language on TV not OK for kids.
2) Mum finds her four girls.
3) Astronomer’s amazing escape.
Answers: 1) Text A 2) Text C 3) Text B
III. Post-Reading:
Read the articles again and answer these questions.
1) How old were Lillian’s children when she last saw them?
They were 7, 6, 5 and 3.
2) Why did some people find bad language “OK” in films?
Because the dialogue and situation made it funny.
3) Why was the truck driver lucky to escape?
Because the driver jumped out of the truck before the trolleybus crashed into it and he would have been killed if he’d staged in his truck.
Find examples of names of these things in the texts.
Example West Gorton = a district of a city
a) TV channels: BBC ITV Channel 4
b) a TV series: Brookside
c) towns and villages: Kingston
d) cities: Leeds Manchester
e) districts of cities: West Gorton
f) a main road: Park Avenue
Use the Reading Strategies above to answer these questions about the texts.
1) How far is 20 yards? ( Text B )
a) 18 metres b) 7 metres c) 12 metres
2) What does BBC stand for? ( Text A )
a) British Boxing Club b) British Broadcasting Corporation c) Black Bulls Company
3) How far is 3,000 miles? ( Test C )
a) 3,000 km b) 4,800 km c) 6,000 km
Answers: a b b
V. Language points and vocabulary:
1. consideration n.[U] 考慮 thinking about something
After much consideration, I accepted the offer. 經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮我接受了這個(gè)提議。
After much consideration, my brother decided to sell his car. 考慮好久之后我哥哥決定賣(mài)掉他的汽車(chē)。
This is a matter that needs consideration. 這是一件需要考慮的事。
n.[U] 體諒；照顧；關(guān)心 being thoughtful and careful about people's feeling
Helen shows great consideration towards younger children. 海倫很體諒年齡較小的孩子。
We should have consideration for the rights of others. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)為別人的權(quán)利著想。
He took the measure without the slightest consideration of other people.
他采取了措施，一點(diǎn)也不替他人著想。
n.[C] 考慮的因素 a fact, thing, etc. thought of as a reason
There are many considerations why this work should be done. 應(yīng)該做這件事的原因很多。
To some passengers, time is of more consideration than money. 對(duì)有些旅客來(lái)說(shuō)，時(shí)間比金錢(qián)更重要。
take into consideration: 考慮到；顧及 remember something important when making a plan
This is not a heavy stone, its size being taken into consideration.
如果把體積考慮在內(nèi)，這塊石頭不算重。
We must take the cost into consideration when we are choosing a hotel.
在選擇旅館時(shí)我們必須考慮到費(fèi)用。
under consideration: 在考慮之中 being discussed; being thought about
The plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education. 教育部在考慮這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
2. innocent （形容詞比較級(jí)： more innocent 最高級(jí)： most innocent ）
adj. 無(wú)罪的；清白的 not having done wrong
I believe he’s an innocent man. 我相信他是一個(gè)無(wú)罪的人。
as innocent as a newborn baby 象初生嬰兒般天真單純
as innocent as a lamb 象羔羊一樣清白
n. 無(wú)罪的人；天真的小孩子
an innocent person or child
the (Holy)Innocents’ Day 嬰兒蒙難日
3. conclude vt. 結(jié)束 to bring or come to an end
He concluded his speech with a slogan. 他用一句口號(hào)結(jié)束了演說(shuō)。
The meeting was concluded with the college song. 會(huì)議在校歌聲中結(jié)束。
The meeting was concluded yesterday. 會(huì)議昨天結(jié)束了。
conclude by remarking that… 結(jié)束時(shí)說(shuō)……
vt. 推斷出；斷定 come to an idea after thinking
When he ran away from me, I concluded he was afraid. 當(dāng)他從我這里跑掉時(shí)，我斷定他害怕了。
We concluded that the animal was dead as it did not move.
我們斷定這只野獸是死的，因?yàn)樗粍?dòng)也不動(dòng)。
vt. 完成；締結(jié) bring about as a result; complete
They concluded a treaty of peace. 他們締結(jié)了一個(gè)和平條約。
Peace has not yet been concluded. 和平（條約）尚未締結(jié)。
conclude a treaty with the country 與該國(guó)締結(jié)條約
conclude a treaty between the two countries 兩國(guó)間締結(jié)條約
conclude an agreement with sb. 與某人締結(jié)協(xié)議
vi. 終了；結(jié)尾 come to an end; end
The report concludes as follows. 報(bào)告結(jié)論如下。
conclusion n.[C] 結(jié)束 end
The discussion was brought to a conclusion. 討論結(jié)束了。
n.[C] 推斷；結(jié)論 a result obtained after reasoning
Finally they came to this conclusion. 最后，他們得出了這個(gè)結(jié)論。
His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. 他的結(jié)論聽(tīng)起來(lái)確定有一定的道理。
n.[C] 締結(jié)；解決；安排 (U) settlement; arrangement
The rapprochement between France and Italy will lead to a conclusion of peace.
法意的諒解是締結(jié)和約的先導(dǎo)。
4. as long as 只要，如果；既然
As long as you can be back before 10 o’clock, you can go out.只要你10點(diǎn)鐘以前能回來(lái)，你可以外出。
As long as you accept our conditions, we’ll start working immediately.
只要你答應(yīng)我們的條件，我們立即開(kāi)始工作。
5. fiction n. (尤指) 小說(shuō)
works of fiction 小說(shuō)類(lèi) detective fiction 偵探[推理]小說(shuō)
Fact (Truth) is stranger than fiction. （諺）事實(shí)奇于小說(shuō)。
n. 杜撰的故事（事情），虛構(gòu),想像 His testimony was a complete fiction. 他的證言全是虛構(gòu)。
6. scene n. 戲劇的一場(chǎng) a small part of a play
The first act is divided into four scenes. 第一幕分成四場(chǎng)。
Do you remember the scene in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time?
你記不記得劇中蘇珊第一次遇見(jiàn)阿倫的那個(gè)場(chǎng)面？
n. （事件或事故的）發(fā)生地點(diǎn) the place where something happens
The next day we returned to the scene of the accident. 次日我們回到出事的地點(diǎn)。
The police arrived at the scene of the crime. 警察來(lái)到了犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
n. 景色；景象 view; something that you can look at
The hill adds to the beauty of the scene. 小山使風(fēng)光更加秀麗。
n. 布景；場(chǎng)景 background on the stage of a theatre
The scene of the play is a kitchen. 這出戲的場(chǎng)景是廚房。
7. load n. 擔(dān)子；重載；負(fù)擔(dān) something that you carry
We shall make a lorry load of vegetables to the market. 我們將裝一卡車(chē)蔬菜送到市場(chǎng)。
The lorry had a load of wood. 卡車(chē)上載的是木頭。
This car can carry a load of 1 ton. 這輛汽車(chē)能載一噸重。
The news took a load off my mind. 這個(gè)消息解除了我的思想顧慮。
v. 裝；裝貨；裝載 put things on to a vehicle or a ship
The ship is loading for Hanghou. 這只船正在裝運(yùn)去杭州的貨。
They loaded the cart with rice. 他們把米裝上大車(chē)。
Please help me load these cases into the car. 請(qǐng)幫助我把這些箱子裝到汽車(chē)上。
The bus is loading. 公共汽車(chē)正在上人。 The tree is loaded with apples. 此樹(shù)結(jié)滿(mǎn)蘋(píng)果。
load a car 裝汽車(chē) load cargoes 裝貨 load a cart 裝大車(chē) load a ship 裝船
8. district n.[C] 區(qū)；行政區(qū)；地區(qū) part of a country or town
They have left this district and gone to live in Bristol. 他們離開(kāi)這個(gè)地區(qū)，遷居到布里斯特爾了。
an administrative district 行政區(qū) an agricultural district 農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)
a business district 商業(yè)區(qū) a farming district 農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)
a manufacturing (manufacture) district 工業(yè)區(qū) a military district 軍區(qū)
a mining district 礦區(qū) a mountainous district 山區(qū)
neighboring (=nearby) districts 鄰近地區(qū) a postal district 郵政區(qū)
remote districts 偏僻地區(qū) a residential (=residence) district 住宅區(qū)
a rural district 郊區(qū) a shopping district 商業(yè)區(qū)
VI. Grammar: …as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children. (watched, 過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ))
過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. （有組織的旅行）
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. （當(dāng)選為委員的人）
注意當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞是單詞時(shí)，一般用于名詞前，如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，就放在名詞的后面,做后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。
i) Complete the text with the words below.
ambulance, district, ex-husband, fog, ankle, scene, tyre, sightseeing, muddy
Yesterday, Mary heard that her (1) had broken his (2) . He had been doing (3) in the country and got lost in the (4) ! He kept on walking, and finally landed up in a (5) field. In this field, he fell over a sleeping sheep and hurt himself. He phoned the (6) doctor on his mobile phone, and then waited in the mud for the (7) to come. But when it arrived, its (8) got stuck in the mud! He only got to the hospital four hours later. Mary described this whole (9) to me with a big smile on her face. “He always hated sheep!” she said. I don’t think the sheep liked him very much!
Answers:(1)ex-husband(2)ankle (3)sightseeing (4)fog (5)muddy (6)district (7)ambulance (8)tyre (9)scene
ii) Complete this radio news report using the Passive form of the verbs in brackets.
Good afternoon. The lunch-time news today (1) (read) by John Howard. The Prime Minister has visited a primary school in Ipswich where she (2) (meet) by the children and their teachers. She opened a new sports centre that (3) (build) with money raised by the parents and teachers. Another ￡20，000（4） (need) to finish the swimming pool so more money raising activities (5) (organise) for the summer months.
Earlier today a group of teachers was in an accident when their coach (6) (hit) by a truck. The teachers (7) (help) by local people until ambulances arrived. Most of the teachers (8) (allow) to go home immediately, but those with more serious injuries (9) (take) to Norwich Central Hospital later today. Answers: (1)is read (2)was met (3)is being built (4)is needed (5)will be organized (6)was hit (7)were helped (8)were allowed (9)were taken
Communication Workshop
I. Tape script
Phil: Hey, liz. Have a look at this.
Liz: Mm?
Phil: It’s really a sweet advert for Mother’s Day.
Liz: Don’t you see this is an advert for selling flowers?
Phil: Really? Oh, I see. Very smart. But I still like ...
Liz: (interrupts) I can’t stand adverts like that. Honestly, no
child of that age is going to go and buy her mum flowers I bet the person who...
Phil: (interrupts politely) Can I say something?
Liz: All right.
Phil: I think you’re overreacting although you have a point.
Many adverts try to create an image of a perfect world or life but...
Liz: (interrupts) Of course they do! They think that we’re all stupid and are going to believe that if we buy their shampoo then we’ll look like supermodels or if we buy flowers from their shop then we’ll have perfect relationships within our families!
Phil: (interrupts politely) Can I interrupt a moment?
Companies have to sell their products. They do try to make
their products appealing but it’s up to us whether we’ll buy their products or not. If you ...
Liz: (interrupts) Rubbish! That’s not true. Just think of all the people who are persuaded by fast food adverts to eat more junk food!
Phil: Well, I have to disagree with you there. People can’t blame adverts for what they buy. It’s their decision and ...
Liz: (interrupts) You’re wrong. I’m against all adverts because they use false promises to get people to buy things.
Phil: (interrupts politely) I’d just like to show you this advert
Liz. It’s for environmental protection. Surely you agree that ...
Liz: (interrupts) Nonsense! All adverts are trying to get your money in some way or other
II. Language points and vocabulary:
1. ahead adv. 在前；向前；提前 in or into a forward position; before
One man went ahead to see what was happening in the front. 一個(gè)人朝前走，去看看前面出了什么事。
Despite the snow storm they persisted in marching ahead. 盡管有大風(fēng)雪，他們堅(jiān)持向前挺進(jìn)。
adv. 事前；將來(lái) in or into the future
to plan ahead 事前做計(jì)劃
The secretary assigned us the tasks for the period ahead. 書(shū)記向我們布置了下一階段的任務(wù)。
ahead of 在…之前 in front of
The production plan was fulfilled ahead of time. 生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃提前完成了。
勝過(guò)；強(qiáng)于 better than another in work, etc.
Peter’s work is ahead of Jack’s. 彼得的工作比杰克強(qiáng)。
He is ahead of his class in English. 他的英語(yǔ)居全班第一。
be a class ahead of me 比我高一個(gè)年級(jí) be ahead of one’s times 走在時(shí)代前面
get ahead of sb. 勝過(guò)某人 walk ahead of sb. 走在某人前面
go ahead 開(kāi)始；繼續(xù) start; or go on with something
If you really need help then go ahead and ask. 你如果真需要幫助，那就請(qǐng)人幫助吧。
She just went ahead and did it. 她只管繼續(xù)做她的。
Here is the book --- now go ahead and read it. 書(shū)在這兒--你讀吧。
Things are going ahead smoothly. 事情進(jìn)展順利。
走到……前面；先走 move in front of someone; leave before someone
You go ahead and tell him that we’re coming. 你先走一步，告訴他我們就來(lái)了。
You can go ahead to the station and I’ll see you there later. 你可以先到車(chē)站去，我隨后再到那里找你。
2. interrupt v. 中斷；阻礙 stop something for a time
The floods interrupted railway services. 洪水使鐵路運(yùn)輸中斷。
Traffic was interrupted by a snow storm. 交通被暴風(fēng)雪阻斷。
v. 打斷；打擾 speak while someone else is speaking or doing something
His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的講話(huà)不時(shí)被掌聲打斷。
She interrupted me to ask a question. 她打斷我的話(huà)，問(wèn)我一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
interrupt sb. in his talk 打斷某人的話(huà)。
3. anyhow adv. 隨便；馬虎 with no order; without trying
Your homework was done all anyhow. 你的家庭作業(yè)做得很馬虎。
He does his work anyhow, without taking any care or trouble over it.
他干起活來(lái)馬馬虎虎，既不當(dāng)心，又不認(rèn)真。
Do you want me to do this in any particular way or with special care, or can I do it anyhow?
你是要我用特別的方式或格外細(xì)心地去做這件事呢，還是隨我怎么做都行？
adv. 不論怎樣；無(wú)論如何 no matter what happens
Anyhow I don’t believe it can be done. 無(wú)論如何我也不相信這事能辦成。
Anyhow, I’ll see you tonight. 無(wú)論如何，今天晚上我要見(jiàn)你。
4. false adj. 假的，不真實(shí)的，不老實(shí)的 wrong, not true, lying
The thief gave a false name to the police. 小偷給警察報(bào)了個(gè)假名字。
False judgement leads to failure. 錯(cuò)誤的判斷會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗。
I don’t want to give you a false impression. 我不想給你以假象。
What he had said turned out false. 我說(shuō)的那些話(huà)原來(lái)是假的。
adj. 不守信的；不忠實(shí)的 not keeping faith, unfaithful, not loyal
One must never be false to one’s friend. 一個(gè)人決不能對(duì)朋友假心假意。
a false coin 偽幣 false paper 假證件
a false teeth 假牙 see through a false appearance 識(shí)破假象
III. 一些常見(jiàn)諸報(bào)端的標(biāo)題小詞
aid =assist（幫助，援助）
alter =change or modify（改變）
ask =inquire（詢(xún)問(wèn)）
assail =denounce（譴責(zé)）
ban =prohibit or forbid（禁止）
bar =prevent（防止，阻止）
bare =expose or reveal（暴露，揭露）
begin =commence（開(kāi)始）
clash =disagree strong1y（發(fā)生分歧，爭(zhēng)議）
curb =control or restrict（控制）
dip =decline or decrease（下降）
end =terminate（結(jié)束，中止）
head =direct（率領(lǐng)）
hold =arrest（逮捕）
laud =praise（贊揚(yáng)）
lop =diminish（下降，減少）
map =work out（制訂）
mark =celebrate（慶祝）
name =appoint or nominate（命名，提名）
nip =defeat（擊�。�
nix =deny or disapprove（否決，拒絕）
opt =choose（選擇）
pledge =determine（發(fā)誓）
plot =conspire（預(yù)謀，密謀策劃）
probe =investigate（調(diào)查）
raid =attack（進(jìn)攻）
rap =criticize（批評(píng)）
weigh =consider（考慮）
IV. Culture Corner / Bulletin Board (Omitted)