Learning to learn
Words and Expressions:
1. likely adj. & adv. (likelier, more likely ; likeliest, most likely ) 很可能的，有希望的 ；合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)模╬robably, expected to happen ；seeming to be just right; suitable）
It’s likely to rain. 有可能下雨。
It’s likely that I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. 很可能明天我要去上海。
Tony is likely to win. 托尼很可能取勝。
It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 要我接受這樣的建議是不大可能的。
You’re likely to have forgotten about it. 你可能已經(jīng)把它忘記了。
He is a likely young man. 他是一個(gè)有希望的青年人。
Is here a likely place to study? 這里是學(xué)習(xí)的合適地方嗎？
ad.可能地 （probably）
Tony is the most likely winner of the race. 這次賽跑托尼最有可能取勝。
He will very likely be here again next month. 他下個(gè)月很可能再來這里。
2. concept n. 概念；觀念 a thought; an idea; a general notion
A small baby has no concept of right and wrong. 小孩不懂什么是正確和錯(cuò)誤。
3. chart n. 圖；圖表 big drawing or map to give information
vt. 作為圖表；以圖表表示 make a chart of
4. focus （focusing, focussing ；focused, focussed ；focused, focussed ； focuses, foci ）
v. (使）聚焦，（使）集中 n. 焦點(diǎn)，中心 n. 焦點(diǎn) ； 配光；對(duì)光
Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.
如果你想拍一張好照片，把物體對(duì)準(zhǔn)在焦點(diǎn)上。
If my camera is not brought into focus, the photograph will be blurred.
如果我的照相機(jī)不對(duì)光，照片便會(huì)模糊不清。
He focused the camera and took a photo. 他對(duì)好焦距，照了一張相。
When studying, he focused his mind on his lessons. 讀書時(shí)，他集中心思于功課上。
5. skip （skipping 過去式： skipped 過去分詞： skipped ） v.跳；跳繩；略過
( run, jumping lightly with each foot ; jump again and again over a rope that you are swinging )
The little girl skipped down the road. 小女孩蹦跳著沿路走去。
Let’s skip over this page and come to page 55. 咱們?cè)竭^這一頁，看第五十五頁。
Children like skipping. 孩子們喜歡跳繩。
6. fist n. 拳頭
A boxer hits with his fists. 拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)員用拳頭打擊對(duì)手。
7. waist n. 腰，腰部 ( the middle of the body )
A man’s trousers go from his waist to his feet. 男褲是從腰到腳。
The water is up to my waist. 水深及我腰部。
Her waist measures 20 inches around. 她的腰身為20英寸。
She has the waist of a wasp’s. 她的身材十分苗條。
measure sb’s waist
8. nail n. 指甲；趾甲 ； 釘子
Our fingernails need cutting now and again. 我們的手指甲有時(shí)需要剪一剪。
bite (=gnaw) one’s nails 咬指甲
biting of the finger nails 咬手指甲
cut(=trim) the nails 剪指甲
dye the nails 染指甲
have one’s nails pared 請(qǐng)人修指甲
to pare one’s nails 修指甲
The nail went right through the wall. 釘子直接穿過墻壁。
The nail doesn’t fix fast. 這釘子未釘牢。
draw (=pull) out a nail 撥出釘子
drive (=hammer; knock) in a nail 把釘敲進(jìn)去
v. 釘；釘住 ( fasten or fix something with a nail or nails )
David nailed the broken box together again. 大衛(wèi)把那個(gè)破箱子又釘好了。
to nail a lid on a box 把箱蓋釘牢（給箱子釘上蓋子）
nail a shelf to the wall 把架子釘在墻上
to nail a sign on the wall 在墻上釘一個(gè)招牌
9. gallery n. 美術(shù)陳列室，畫廊，美術(shù)館 (a large room or building for exhibitions of art)
There is a new exhibition at the gallery. 美術(shù)館有個(gè)新的畫展。
play to the gallery （劇場(chǎng)等的）看臺(tái)
Warm up
Unit 4 Warm-up
In this unit you will …
Read about the internet and virtual reality.
Listen to a phone conversation, radio programmes and a song.
Practise telephoning and making suggestions.
Write an e–mail message and an internet page about your area.
Learn how to make predictions about the future;
Learn about conditionals.
Warm-up
2004-The Day after Tomorrow is a movie about global warming and how it will destroy cities and change the world in the future.
2001-A.1.is a movie about a boy who doesn’t know that he is really a robot.
1866-From the Earth to the Moon is a book about people traveling to the moon.
1977-2004-The movies that make up Star Wars are about wars in space. There are many amazing characters in these movies.
I. Which of the films and books mentioned on this page have you seen or read?
Which of the predictions in them:
a) have already come true?
b) do you think will come true in your lifetime?
What other predictions do you know from science fiction books or films that have come true?
II. Listen to four experts. Which predictions are they discussing? Use the Key Words to help you.
Answers:
1 making androids (artificial humans)
2 flooding in different countries
3 time travel
4 a virus develops which we have no power to stop
Tape script
1 Well, that’s very interesting question. It is already possible to make artificial organs and parts of the body-but it won’t be possible for a very long time to make artificial humans, known as androids, that can think or feel in the same way as we do.
2 We know that the planet’s climate is changing. The Earth’s atmosphere is gradually getting warmer. There is a real danger that the sea level will go up and there will be flooding in different countries in the world. This is already happening in countries like Bangladesh and some parts of Europe, for example, Britain.
3 Well, it may sound surprising. Imagine the situation of two twins-a brother and sister. The sister goes into space and travels at the speed of light for ten years-when she comes back to Earth she is thirty years older than her twin brother!
4 Unfortunately, this is a very real danger for the planet. A new virus could develop that we have no power to stop. It is something we really should be worried about.
( robot, artificial human, cyberspace, planet’s climate, global warming, world flooding, time travel, virtual reality, virus )
Which word in the box above matches this definition?
n. a word that describes the place where messages，information, pictures, etc. are when they are sent from one computer to another
III. Words and Expressions
10. cyberspace
11. global adj. 全世界的,全球的 ； 整體的,總體的,綜合的
global inflation 全球性的通貨膨脹
the dream of global peace 世界和平的夢(mèng)想
take a global view of... 整體 [綜合] 地觀察……
globe n. 球狀物；地球 （anything round like a ball）
to circle the globe in an airplane 乘飛機(jī)繞地球飛行
The language of England girdles the globe. 英國(guó)語言全球通用。
I’m interested in studying the globe in my spare time. 閑暇時(shí)我對(duì)研究地球儀很感興趣。
a ramble round the globe 漫游世界
12. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn) (really happen)
Her dream came true. 她的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
His words came true. 他的話應(yīng)驗(yàn)了。
13. artificial ( more artificial ； most artificial ) a. 1.人工的，人造的 2.做作的，不自然的
artificial daylight [sunlight] 人造日光,太陽燈 artificial flowers 人造花
an artificial eye [limb, tooth] 義眼 [肢,齒] artificial ice 人造冰
artificial insemination 人工授精 artificial leather 人造皮
artificial rain 人造雨 an artificial satellite 人造衛(wèi)星
artificial selection 人為選擇 [淘汰] an artificial manner 做作的態(tài)度[舉止]
an artificial smile 不自然的微笑 artificial tears 假哭,假慈悲
14. climate n.[C] 氣候 （ the weather in a place ）
I would rather live in France for climate. 我由于氣候關(guān)系而寧愿住在法國(guó)。
The island has a cold climate. 該島氣候寒冷。 the dry climate of Egypt 埃及的干燥氣候
No country in Asia possesses a better climate than China. 亞洲沒有一個(gè)國(guó)家的氣候比中國(guó)的好。
an arctic climate 北極的氣候 an arid climate 干燥的氣候
a damp climate 潮濕的氣候 benign climate 溫暖的氣候
a healthful climate 有益于健康的氣候 a marine climate 海洋性氣候
a mild climate 溫和的氣候 a tropical climate 熱帶氣候
15. flood n. 洪水 ； 大批，大量 （a large flow of water ； a lot of something ）
Many houses were destroyed by the flood. 許多房屋被洪水沖毀了。
After the heavy rain there was a big flood and water came into our house.
那場(chǎng)大雨后鬧了洪水，我們的家都淹了。
I had a flood of letters on my birthday. 我生日那天收到一大堆信。
The tide is at the flood. 潮在上漲。
v. 淹沒， 泛濫 ； 充滿（ to fill or cover with water ；fill, cover, or overcome, as if with a flood ）
The river has flooded a number of villages. 洪水淹沒了一些村莊。
During spring rains the river floods. 春雨期間河水泛濫。
Letters of congratulation flooded in. 大批祝賀信像潮水般地涌來。
The room was flooded with moonlight. 這房間充滿了月光。
eyes flooded with tears 熱淚盈眶
16. virtual adj. (無比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)) 實(shí)質(zhì)上的,事實(shí)上的,實(shí)際上的 ；虛像的
It was a virtual promise. 那是實(shí)質(zhì)上的承諾。
He was the virtual leader of the movement. 他是該運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)際上的領(lǐng)袖。
a virtual image 虛像
17. reality n. 真實(shí) （ what is true ）
Scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.科學(xué)家們?yōu)榱税阉鼈冏優(yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)正在努力工作著。
My hope has become a reality. 我的愿望變成事實(shí)了。
This is not imagination but reality. 這不是空想，而是現(xiàn)實(shí)。
Your hope to join the economic institute has become a reality. 你要參加經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)會(huì)的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
Reality has made him change his mind. 現(xiàn)實(shí)使他改變了主意。
divorce from reality 脫離實(shí)際 escape reality 逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)
in reality: in fact 實(shí)際上
The two football players seem like enemies on the field but in reality they are good friends.
那兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員在足球場(chǎng)上像敵人，但實(shí)際上是好朋友。
She gives the impression of being generous, but in reality she is a very selfish woman.
她給人以慷慨大方的印象，其實(shí)她是個(gè)非常自私的女人。
18. virus n.[C] 病毒; 瀘過性病原體 ；<口語>病毒引起的疾病 ； (道德、精神上的) 毒素; 毒害
a virus disease 病毒引起的疾病
virus X 病毒X (尚待檢驗(yàn)的病毒)
She can’t come tonight; she has got [caught] some kind of virus.
她今晚不能來，因?yàn)楦腥玖四撤N (病毒引起的) 疾病。
the virus of war [revolution] 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) [革命] 的毒害
Lesson 1 Tomorrow’s World
Teaching aims:
To use the title of a text to predict the content.
To practise using vocabulary of cyberspace.
To practise using will and going to to talk and write about the future.
Teaching difficulties: To revise Present Simple and Present Continuous.
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
What computers and internet bring us?
convenient, high efficient
Compared to 20 years ago how do you think technology will change our lives?
For example:
Go shopping on line.
Needn’t carry cash and use credit cards.
Instead of going to the bank you can use a computer and a telephone to pay for bills.
1. Imagine what happens in the next twenty years?
2. Is it possible that the computer gives us disaster?
Look at the title of the article.
Which of these topics do you think it will mention?
* the Internet * artificial human * time travel * robots * global warming * virtual reality
Read the article quickly and check your guess to question 2 above.
1. With the development of computers, our life may change in shopping and communicating ways
2. The text infers to us that worry is not necessary and computers and the Internet only do good to us.
3. Some experts say in the future we will not go to school in the classroom like us.
4. In the future it is possible that people live in another world of outer space.
5. The text tell us you can do many things but needn’t go to the place yourself.
6. Because of the rapid development of Internet television and the mail will be replaced by computer. Keys: T F T F T T
II. Learning vocabulary
Match the vocabulary from the text below with the definitions.
hacker, chaos, terrorist, the Net (Internet), virtual reality, crash
1. a person who enters other people’s computer programmes in secret
2. The use of computers to make situations feel and look real.
3. have an accident by violently hitting something.
4. some who does terrible things to harm countries, governments and people.
5. computer system that allows millions of people around the world to share information
6. A terrible situation in which everything goes wrong
Keys:1. hacker 2. virtual reality 3. crash 4. terrorist 5. the Net (Internet) 6. chaos
III. Correct error
1. In the last thirty years, the Internet grew rapidly.
2. Terrorist may “attack” the world’s computers, cause chaos, make planes and trains crash.
3. It is convenient to order tickets from the internet.
4. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connect to the Internet.
5. It is clear we can use internet to do all kinds of things at home.
6. Personally, I’m optimistic about the future of internet.
7. As society develops, computers will make our life much convenient.
8. The mail service may also disappear as the increasing use of e-mail.
Keys: 1. grew 改為 has grown 2. make前加and 3. order 改為book 4. connect改為connected 5. clear后加that 6. of 后加the 7. much 改為more 8. as 改為with
We can feel convenient, we can do all kinds of things from the Internet at home, such as buy books, find out about holiday offers, book tickets and so on.
Some traditional things will disappear.
We may live in a virtual world.
Hacker can get into the computers of banks and government so that change data or steal away important information.
Terrorists will attack the world’s computers, cause chaos, make planes and trains crash even and cause nuclear war.
IV. Voice your opinion
Do you feel pessimistic or optimistic about the future of the Internet? Why?
V. Language points
1. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet.
= which were connected to the Internet.
computer 和connect 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此connected to 是過去分詞做定語來修飾computer,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。
It is surprising that there were 3oo gold coins buried underground.
＝which were buried underground. 真是令人驚奇，地下埋了300 枚金幣。
There are so many people watching the big fire in the street.
=who watched the big fire in the street.
People 和watching 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系watching 是現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表主動(dòng)來修飾people 相當(dāng)于定語從句。
2.Some experts are pessimistic about the future.
一些科學(xué)家對(duì)（計(jì)算機(jī)主宰的）未來表現(xiàn)出悲觀的態(tài)度。
be pessimistic/optimistic about 對(duì)……悲觀/樂觀
I’m rather pessimistic about the present situation. 我對(duì)目前的局勢(shì)感到悲觀。
3. It is clear that we are going to see an explosion of shopping on the Internet.
很顯然，不遠(yuǎn)的將來我們就會(huì)看到網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的狂潮。
It作形式主語，真實(shí)主語是 that引出的主語從句。
＝ that we are going to see an explosion of shopping on the Internet is clear.
It is clear that in the next few years the Earth’s climate will change.
= That in the next few years the Earth’s climate will change.
4. … the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation. (虛擬世界)是計(jì)算機(jī)通過聲音和圖像模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)，以使人感到仿佛置身于一個(gè)真實(shí)的空間。
as if 連詞，仿佛， 好像
It sounds as if she’s been really ill. 聽上去好像她真的病了。
5. We have to take immediate action. 我們得馬上采取行動(dòng)。
take action 采取行動(dòng)。
We must take actions to prevent the spread of disease.我們必須采取行動(dòng)防止疾病傳播。
IV. Language Study
Predictions will and be going to
Read the following sentences from the text. In pairs, decide which
a) talks about a future event we can predict from a present situation?
b) expresses our opinions and beliefs about the future?
1. …, ‘ it is clear that we are going to see an explosion of shopping on the Internet.’
2. She also believes that, in the future, we will get entertainment from the Internet and that television will probably disappear.
3. ‘Personally, I think virtual reality will become part of modern life,’ …
Keys: 1. a 2. b 3. b
Grammar Summary 1, on p92.
1. You’re planning to buy a computer.
a) I hope it will be cheap.
b) It is going to be cheap.
2. It’s the last ten minutes of a basketball match between Russia and the USA. The score is 102:56 to Russia.
a) The USA will lose.
b) The USA is going to lose.
Keys: 1. a 2. b
complete the text with going to or will
Earth Report!
Dr Carl Wight is an expert on the environment. He speaks to our reporter, “It is clear that in the next few years the Earth’s climate(1)_________ change . I’m afraid that this probably means that many kinds of animals, such as the South China tiger, (2)___________ disappear soon, Changes in climate(3)____________
certainly affect people’s lives too. Because of global warming, the sea has already destroyed parts of Britain. It is obvious that this destruction (4)_______become more dangerous in the future. We have to take immediate action, or I fear that life on Earth (5)______get worse.”
Keys: 1. is going to 2. are going to 3. are going to 4. will 5. will
1. The cars are going to crash.
2. She’s going to have a baby.
3. He’s going to walk into the bus stop.
4. The house is going to fall into the sea.
VII. Words and Expressions
19. affect vt. 產(chǎn)生效果；影響 ；使感動(dòng)；被感動(dòng) ；（指疾�。┣忠u；感染 ( produce a result; affect on; influence ；touch the heart of; work on the feelings of ；(of diseases) attack )
Hot weather affects his health. 炎熱的天氣影響他的健康。
The disease is affecting his eyesight. 這種病正影響他的視力。
be affected with the wish to become an actor 很想成為一名演員
He wasn’t affected by the news. 他聽了這消息后無動(dòng)于衷。
His speech affected the audience deeply. 他的講話深深打動(dòng)了聽眾。
be affected at seeing it 看到這個(gè)景象而感動(dòng)
be affected with awe 肅然起敬
She was affected by cold. 她著涼了。
His lungs are affected. 他的肺部有病。
be affected with high fever 發(fā)高燒
20. rapidly adv. 快地，迅速地 （ quickly ）
He went by her rapidly. 他急速地從她身旁走過去。
21. growth n. 生長(zhǎng) ；增長(zhǎng)（ the act of becoming bigger ； increase ）
the growth of a baby 嬰兒的發(fā)育成長(zhǎng)
Rain helps the growth of plants. 雨水有助于植物的生長(zhǎng)。
There has been a growth in the number of students. 學(xué)生的人數(shù)增加了。
gradual growth 逐漸生長(zhǎng) rapid growth 快長(zhǎng)
the new word growth 新詞的發(fā)展 the growth of production 生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展
accelerate growth 促進(jìn)發(fā)育 control the family growth 控制生育
22. pessimistic adj. 悲觀的，悲觀主義的，厭世的；[對(duì)……]悲觀的[about]
take a pessimistic view of life 對(duì)人生持悲觀的看法
Don’t be so pessimistic. 別那樣悲觀。
He is pessimistic about the future. 他對(duì)未來感到悲觀。
optimistic adj. 樂觀的 （ having feeling of optimism ）
As I get older I get more optimistic. 我越活越樂觀。
23. hacker
24. crime n.[C] 犯法行為，犯罪，罪行；不該做的事 （ something done against the law ； a foolish, useless action ）
Murder is a crime. 謀殺是一種罪行。
That’s a serious crime. 那是嚴(yán)重的罪行。
It would be a crime to have a race horse do the work of a cart horse. 把賽馬當(dāng)役馬是愚蠢的。
It’s a crime to waste so much food. 浪費(fèi)這么多糧食是不應(yīng)該的。
criminal adj. 犯罪的；刑事上的 ( law breaking ； of crime )
Criminal parents could corrupt any child. 犯罪的父母可使孩子變壞。
She’s studying criminal law. 她在學(xué)習(xí)刑法。
a criminal act 犯罪行為 a criminal action 公訴；刑事訴訟
a criminal case 刑事案件 a criminal plan 罪惡計(jì)劃
n. 罪犯，犯人 ( a person who has done something seriously against law )
The chief criminals shall be punished without fail. 首惡必辦。
The judge imposes a punishment on the criminal. 法庭處罰這個(gè)罪犯。
a chance criminal 過失罪犯 an escaped criminal 逃犯
a master criminal 大罪犯 a sexcriminal 性罪犯
a skyjacked criminal 劫機(jī)犯 a suspected criminal 嫌疑犯
sentence these criminals to imprisonment 判這此罪犯徒刑 set a criminal free 釋放罪犯
track down a criminal 追蹤罪犯 apprehend a criminal 捉拿罪犯
25. terrorist n. 恐怖分子；恐怖主義者
someone who frightens, hurts or kills others so that people will do what he wants
26. attack v. 進(jìn)攻；攻擊 (start fighting or hurting someone ) ； v. （疾�。┣忠u ； 攻擊；抨擊（ make someone suddenly ill ； speak or write against ）
The plane came into attack. 飛機(jī)來進(jìn)行襲擊了。
We attacked the enemy by night. 我們趁黑夜進(jìn)攻敵人。
The best way to defend is to attack. 最好的防御就是進(jìn)攻。
The robber attacked the old man. 強(qiáng)盜襲擊那位老人。
Measles attacks many children. 很多孩子得麻疹。
She was attacked with a disease. 她患病了。
His remarks were attacked in the newspaper. 他的言論在報(bào)紙上受到批判。
They next attacked the problem of food supply. 下一步他們著手解決糧食供應(yīng)問題。
Three attacks were made during the night. 夜間發(fā)動(dòng)了三次攻擊。
They made an attack on the invaders by night. 他們?cè)谝归g向侵略者發(fā)動(dòng)了一次進(jìn)攻。
He came under an attack. 他受到了抨擊。
The attack started at dawn. 進(jìn)攻在拂曉時(shí)開始。
Attack is the best defence. 進(jìn)攻是最好的防御。
He has an attack of illness. 他患病了。
She died of an heart attack. 她死于心臟病發(fā)作。
air attacks 空襲 a blitz attack 閃電式襲擊
a flank attack 側(cè)攻 a heart attack 心臟病突發(fā)
a night attack 夜襲 a surprise attack 突然襲擊
be victorious in attack 進(jìn)攻獲勝 under the attack of 受……的攻擊
come under attack 遭到抨擊 have an attack of fever 發(fā)高燒
make an attack against 對(duì)……發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻 resist the attack of 抵抗……的進(jìn)攻
27. chaos n.[U] 混亂；無秩序（when things happen wildly and with no control; when there is no order）
The strong wind left the garden in chaos. 大風(fēng)刮得花園零亂不堪。
28. crash vi. 碰撞，倒下；砸 ； 撞壞；碰 ：（商業(yè)）破產(chǎn)，失敗 ：n.[C] 撞壞；碰撞 （to fall or strike the ground violently ； make something hit another thing hard ；business failure ； an accident; two things coming together hard）
The building crashed to the ground. 那樓倒坍了。
A stone crashed through the window. 一個(gè)石塊砰地一聲砸進(jìn)了窗子。
The aeroplane crashed on a hillside. 飛機(jī)在山腰撞毀了。
He crashed his car into a wall. 他把汽車猛撞在墻上。
The car crashed into a tree. 車子猛撞在樹上。
be crashed to pieces 被砸得粉碎
His business crashed last year. 他的買賣去年倒閉。
Her scheme crashed disastrously. 她的計(jì)劃慘敗。
There was an airplane crash last week. 上周有架飛機(jī)墜毀。
The cause of the crash is not known. 不知道肇事原因。
I heard crash as the tree fell. 樹倒下來時(shí)我聽到嘩啦一聲響。
It fell with a loud crash. 它嘩啦一聲倒了。
29. offer vt. 奉送；拿出 ；提供；出售 （hold something that you want to give to someone ； say that you will give, do, or pay something if the other person wants it ；present for sale ）
He offered me a cup of tea. 他倒了杯茶要我喝。
They offered me a better position. 他們給了我一個(gè)更好的位置。
He offered his life to his country. 他把生命獻(xiàn)給祖國(guó)。
Xiao Yang offered a suggestion. 小楊提了一個(gè)建議。
I’ll offer to go if nobody will. 如果沒人愿去的話，那我很樂意去。
He offered himself as an interpreter. 他毛遂自薦作一名譯員。
He offered to lend me his bike. 他主動(dòng)提出要把自行車借給我。
They all came to offer congratulations. 他們都來表示祝賀。
He offered no answer. 他沒回答。
They offered their boat for sale for 2,000 dollars. 他們把船拿來出售，索價(jià)2,000美元。
I offered him a house for 1,000 pounds. 我提出愿以一千英鎊把一所房子賣給他。
No occasion offered. 沒有機(jī)會(huì)。
offer sb. as first prize 作為頭等獎(jiǎng)授于某人
offer goods at low prices 低價(jià)出售貨物
offer sb.the radio for 50 yuan 愿以50元把這收音機(jī)出賣給某人
offer oneself to the state 為國(guó)家獻(xiàn)身
be specially offered 被專門地提供
n.[C] 提供；提出；提議 ； 出售（the act of offering ； putting forward for sale ）
I made him an offer of help. 我向他表示愿意提供幫助。
She has received an offer of marriage. 有人向她求婚。
Thank you for your offer of help. 謝謝你要提供的幫助。
The house is on offer. 這所房子出售。
He made me an offer of 500 pounds for the house. 他出價(jià)五百英鎊要買我那所房子。
30. entertainment n. 款待；招待 ；娛樂 （the act of entertaining guests; the act of amusing people；an amusing or interesting public performance ）
They are giving an entertainment to their foreign guests. 他們?cè)谡写赓e。
give an entertainment to one’s guests 招待客人
The city offers many forms of entertainment. 這個(gè)城市提供各種娛樂。
a musical entertainment 音樂會(huì)
arrange entertainments 安排娛樂活動(dòng)
find entertainment in working 以工作為樂
hold a farewell entertainment 舉行歡送會(huì)
31. disappear vi. 消失，失蹤；不見 （ go away so that it cannot be seen ）
One of our cats has disappeared. 我們的一只貓不見了。
The police are looking for the man who disappeared yesterday. 警察正在尋找昨天失蹤的那個(gè)人。
She made a bow and disappeared behind the curtain. 她鞠了一個(gè)躬，就退到幕后去了。
The train disappeared into the tunnel. 火車消失在隧道內(nèi)。
32. as if 好像；似乎；仿佛 （ so you would think that ）
It looks as if a storm would come soon. 暴風(fēng)雨好像快要來啦。
He talks as if he knew everything. 他說話的神氣好像他什么都知道似的。
He raised his hand as if to command silence. 他舉起手來似乎要命令大家安靜下來。
It rained and rained, as if it would never stop. 老是下雨，好像決不會(huì)停止的。
He looked as if he was ill. 他的樣子顯得似乎是有病一樣。
He talks as if he were tired. 他說話的時(shí)候好像很累。
He talks as if he knew all about it. 聽他說話的口氣好像他全都知道了。
Fiona is walking slowly as if she were tired. 費(fèi)歐娜慢慢走著，好像累了似的。
33. harm n. 損害；傷害；危害 （ hurt; damage; injury ）
He did me no harm. 他沒有傷害我。（他沒有使我受到損失。）
He says what he thinks, but he means no harm. 他想到什么說什么，但是他沒有惡意。
Leave him - he won’t do any harm. 讓他去--他不會(huì)搗亂的。
The waste and poison may do great harm to the things around us.
這些廢物和毒物會(huì)大大損害我們周圍的東西。
slight harm 小害 serious harm 嚴(yán)重危害
without harm 無害 protect sb. from harm 保護(hù)某人不受損害
safe from harm 無害 There can be no harm in your trying. 你試試沒有壞處。
vt. 傷害；危害 ( hurt someone or something )
Hot water will harm the plants. 熱水會(huì)傷害花草。
He did not harm them instead he set them free. 他沒有傷害他們，反而把他們放了。
The fire harmed the house. 火燒毀了房屋。
34. obvious adj. 清楚的；易懂的；明顯的 ( very clear, easy to see or understand )
It’s obvious that he hasn't read the book. 他顯然沒有讀過這本書。
He had not yet arrived at that obvious fact. 他還沒有弄明白那個(gè)顯而易見的事實(shí)。
an obvious mistake 明顯的錯(cuò)誤
35. destruction n.[U] 毀滅；破壞 ( breaking something totally )
The strong earthquake left death and destruction behind it. 強(qiáng)烈的地震留下了死亡和破壞
The destruction of the railway was a big loss to the country. 鐵路遭到破壞，這對(duì)該國(guó)是個(gè)大損失。
The storm caused great destruction. 風(fēng)暴造成很大的破壞。
great destruction 很大破壞 mass destruction 大規(guī)模破壞
bring destruction upon oneself 自我毀滅 meet destruction 遭受破壞
VIII. Language in Use
Work in pairs. Student A is a pessimist and Student B is an optimist. Make predictions about life by the year 2050.
IX. Homework:
Page 55 exercise 4, 5 and 6
Lesson 2 Websites
Teaching aims:
To practise extensive and intensive listening skills.
To find information from a website.
To focus on prominently stressed as an aid to understanding – the key content words in every sentence that are stressed.
To practise making plans and suggestions over the telephone.
Teaching difficulties: To practise expressing preferences
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
T: Do you use the Internet?
S:
T: What do you usually use it for?
S:
T: Net changes our life and makes life more convenient. Do you want to know its history?
Can you answer any of these questions about the history of the Internet?
1. Why did the Net begin?
a) for military reasons
b) for scientific reasons
c) for business
2. what year did it start in?
a) 1959 b) 1969 c) 1979
3. When did people start calling it the ‘Internet’?
a) the 1980s
b) the early 1990s
c) the late 1990s
4. When did the Internet start to grow very fast?
a) the late 1980s
b) the mid-1990s
c) the late 1990s
answers: 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b
II. Listening and talking
Listen to the tape and answer the questions.
Listen again and answer the questions
Why did the Net begin by the military?
The Pentagon were worried about communication after a nuclear war. In 1969 they thought of linking computers into a network so that if one part of the network was destroyed , other parts could continue working.
What do people use the network to do?
People use the network to share ideas .They use it for entertainment, e-mail, playing games and getting information.
Which ‘website’ can you visit to do these things?
a) find out what’s going on in your town
b) look for a job
c) find out the latest world news
d) get information for a school history project
e) write to your friend by e-mail
f) buy clothes
a3 b1 c6 d2 e5 f4
ask students to tell you the reason why you choose the answers.
Listen to a telephone conversation between two people in Brighton. Which thing from the Internet page do they decide to do?
Go to the cinema on Friday evening to see Richard Bailey’s new film, Virtual Planet
Listen to the conversation again. Complete the Function File with words and phrases from the list.
See you, 973273, Would you like, hang on, are you up to, Do you fancy, I’d better, Why don’t we, I can’t, I’d love to , Sorry, Let’s, This is, please
Answer the question Hello. (1) ______.
Say who you are Hello, Mrs Turner. (2) ________ Mandy.
Ask to speak to somebody Can I speak to Lucy, (3) ______?
Ask somebody to wait Just (4) ________ a second.
Ask about plans What (5) _______ _____ this weekend?
Say you didn’t hear (6) _______?
Make suggestions (7) _____________ go on Saturday morning? (8) ___________ doing something on Friday night? (9) ______________ to go?
Reject suggestions Well, (10) _______. I’ve got a music lesson.
Accept suggestions Great, (11) __________.
Finish the cal Well, (12) _________ go now.
Make an arrangement (13) _____ meet at 6:30, outside the cinema.
Say goodbye Right. (14) _______ tomorrow.
Answers: 1. 973273 2. This is 3. please 4. hang on 5. are you up to 6. Sorry 7. Why don’t we 8. Do you fancy 9. Would you like 10. I can’t
Pronunciation
Listening Strategies: Important words
Listen for words that are stressed. They are important words.
Do not worry if you do not hear all the other words.
Do the exercise 7
Students listen to the seven sentences on the cassette. Pause after each sentence for students to identify the stressed words.
Then play the cassette for students to repeat the sentences.
III. Words and Expressions
36. military adj. 軍事的，軍用的 ( of, for or related with armed forces, soldiers or war )
We had a military training last week. 上星期我們進(jìn)行了軍訓(xùn)。
That is a problem in connection with the military affairs. 那是一個(gè)和軍事有關(guān)的問題。
n. 軍方 ( the military )
The military were on the march. 軍隊(duì)在行軍中。
a military band / a military camp / military personnel
37. scientific adj. 科學(xué)的 ( having to do with science )
They made the school a place for scientific experiments. 他們把學(xué)校變成了科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的場(chǎng)所。
Scientific farming is the key to the further development of agriculture.
科學(xué)種田是進(jìn)一步發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的關(guān)鍵。
scientific journals 科學(xué)雜志 scientific instruments 科學(xué)儀器
scientific knowledge 科學(xué)知識(shí) scientific man 科學(xué)界人士
scientific studies 科學(xué)研究 have a scientific mind 具備科學(xué)的頭腦
use a scientific plan 采用科學(xué)的計(jì)劃
science n. 科學(xué)；自然科學(xué)；一門學(xué)科；學(xué)科 ( study of natural things )
He decided to study science. 他決定攻讀自然科學(xué)。
We love science. 我們愛科學(xué)。
He hasn’t much knowledge of science. 他對(duì)科學(xué)比對(duì)藝術(shù)更有興趣。
Biology, Chemistry, and Physics are sciences. 生物、化學(xué)和物理是自然科學(xué)。
Maths is the most important of all the sciences. 數(shù)學(xué)是一切科學(xué)中最重要的。
38. nuclear adj. 原子核的；原子的；原子能的 ( of the central part of an atom; of atomic energy )
nuclear energy 原子能 nuclear power 核動(dòng)力
nuclear reactor 核反應(yīng)堆 nuclear weapons 核武器
39. network n. 網(wǎng)；網(wǎng)制品 ( a netting or net; any system of lines that cross )
a network 網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng) a network of railway 鐵路網(wǎng)
40. project n.[C] 計(jì)劃,企畫 ；vt. 計(jì)劃,企劃； 預(yù)料,預(yù)估,預(yù)算
form [draw up] a project 訂計(jì)劃
project a new dam 計(jì)劃建造新水壩
project expenditures for the next year 預(yù)估明年的經(jīng)費(fèi)
vt. [~ oneself]傳達(dá)自己的想法 ；把 （心、想像） 放置[于……][into]
You must project your mind into the situation. 你必須設(shè)身處地考慮該情況。
vt. [~ oneself]站在……的立場(chǎng)[into]
He tried to project himself into the hero's situation. 他試著站在主角的立場(chǎng)上思考問題。
vt. (尤指) 把 <不好的態(tài)度、想法> 投射 [于他人] [onto, on, upon]
He projects his hostility onto others. 他對(duì)他人滿懷敵意。
41. fashion n. 流行式樣，時(shí)髦 （way of dressing or doing something that people think best at a certain time ）
In the U.S. men don't wear hats now; they're out of fashion.
在美國(guó)男人們現(xiàn)在不戴帽子，戴帽子已不時(shí)興了。
These shoes are the latest fashion. 這些鞋子是最新的流行樣式。
The fashion has passed. 這種式樣已流行過。
He is the fashion. 他是紅人。
He walks in a peculiar fashion. 他走路姿態(tài)特殊。
42. hang on
43. be up to
up to 與……相鄰；與……并排 ；直到；以至 ； 及得上 ；勝任……（ along side of；as far as ； equal to ； capable of ）
I could not get up to him. 我趕不上他。
Andrew has worked hard up to now. 安德魯一直努力工作到現(xiàn)在。
He is not up to his father as a scholar. 就學(xué)問而言他不及他父親好。
This old car isn’t up to a long journey. 這輛舊汽車不適于長(zhǎng)途旅行。
You are not up to the job. 你做不了那工作。
44. fancy ( fancier ；fanciest ) n. 1.想象力 2.幻想 3.愛好 a. 別致的 ；vt. 1.想要 2.想象 3.愛好
（ imagine, suppose ； think you would like something ）
We cannot fancy a life without electricity. 我們不能設(shè)想生活中沒有電。
She fancied she saw someone, but there was no one there. 她覺得好像看見什么人，其實(shí)并沒有人。
He fancied he heard somebody following him. 他覺得好像（聽見）有人在跟蹤。
What do you fancy for supper? 晚飯你喜歡吃什么？
Fancy seeing you! I am surprised! 想不到會(huì)見到你！真是出乎意料！
n. 想象，設(shè)想 ； 愛好（ the act of thinking; imagination ； a liking, a desire ）
That’s only your fancy. 那只是你的想象而已。
Did I really hear a voice or was it only my fancy? 我是真的聽到了聲音還是我的幻覺而已？
I have a fancy for fishing. 我愛好釣魚。
adj. 裝飾而不實(shí)際的；裝飾的；不樸實(shí)的 （ornamental rather than useful; decorated; not plain; elaborate ）
She wants to buy a handbag, not fancy but strong. 我想買一個(gè)手提包不要花俏，而要耐用。
fancy cakes 花式蛋糕
fancy goods 華麗精巧的小商品
fancy birds 珍種禽鳥
a fancy picture 想像畫
45. suggestion n. 建議；意見；聯(lián)想細(xì)微的跡象 （ the act of suggesting; a slight sign ）
My suggestion is (that) we go to the cinema. 我的建議是去看電影。
The warm wind is a suggestion of spring. 暖風(fēng)是春天的征候。
suggest vt. 建議；提出（意見、計(jì)劃、理論等）（give someone an idea; say that something will be possible）
I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. 我提議我們今晚開個(gè)會(huì)。
Sal suggested that we should go for a swim. 薩爾建議我們?nèi)ビ斡尽?/p>
He suggests going to the cinema. 他建議去看電影。
Can you suggest a way (to do it) ? 你能提出一個(gè)辦法嗎？
vt. 使人想起；使人聯(lián)想到 ( bring to mind )
Smoke suggests fire. 有煙就有火。
46. reject vt. 丟棄 ( throw away; cast aside as useless )
He looked through the rejected suits. 他在那些人家不肯要的衣服中尋找。
He rejected the rotten eggs. 他扔掉了壞雞蛋。
及物動(dòng)詞 vt. 拒絕；拒不接受
say "no" to; not take something
She rejected my offer of help. 我主動(dòng)提出給予幫助，她拒絕了。
He tried to join the army but was rejected. 他想?yún)④姷痪芙^了。
47. arrangement n. 整理；布置 ；安排( the act of arranging ；something arranged )
The arrangement of a large library takes a long time. 布置一家大圖書館非常費(fèi)時(shí)間。
Have you made arrangements to sell your house? 你賣房子的事做好安排了嗎？
Their arrangement was kept secret. 他們的安排是秘密的。
I have made arrangements for my journey to England. 我已準(zhǔn)備好了到英格蘭去旅行。
Our arrangement will stand good for ever. 我們的協(xié)定將永遠(yuǎn)生效。
arrange vt. 整理；布置 （ put things in a nice, neat way ）
The teacher arranged the books on the shelves. 老師把書架上的書整理好。
Arrange the words in groups. 將這些單詞分組排列。
Please arrange the tools in order. 請(qǐng)把工具整理好。
vt. 安排 （make a plan ）
Can you arrange a visit to the exhibition? 你能安排一次參觀展覽會(huì)嗎？
We arranged a party for the New Year's Day. 我們?yōu)樵┌才帕艘淮尾柙挄?huì)。
The hospital will arrange an X ray examination next week. 醫(yī)院將在下周安排一次X光檢查。
Everything has been arranged. 一切都安排好了。
I have arranged to meet Tim at the station. 我已安排好去車站接蒂姆。
I have arranged to meet her at ten o'clock. 我已約好于十點(diǎn)鐘見她。
I have arranged for a car to meet you at the airport. 我已安排了一輛小汽車到（飛）機(jī)場(chǎng)接你。
I shall arrange for the meeting to take place on Friday. 我將安排星期五開會(huì)。
I have arranged for the boy to leave school next Easter. 我已安排好讓孩子在下個(gè)復(fù)活節(jié)離開學(xué)校。
I arranged that I should meet them here. 我準(zhǔn)備在這兒見他們。
vt. 處理；調(diào)解； 安排；處理；支配； 協(xié)議；商定 ( settle )
He arranged a quarrel among his friends. 他調(diào)解（他的）朋友們所發(fā)生的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。
I arranged with him for swimming. 我和他商定去游泳。
We arranged between us to do sth. 我倆約定去做某事。
I will arrange to do as you wish. 我會(huì)按照你的希望去做。
IV. Homework
Turn to page 56 to do the exercise
Lesson 3 Virtual Reality
Teaching aims:
To practise using first and second conditionals.
To assess whether websites are real.
Teaching difficulties: To practise expressing preferences
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
T: What is virtual reality？ S:
T: The use of computers make situations feel and look real. What do people use the technology to do? S:
T: Which of these uses for virtual reality are possible now?
virtual reality holidays
learning to fly using virtual reality technology
playing virtual reality computer games
visiting virtual museums on the Internet
S:
T: Possible uses for virtual reality now:
Playing virtual reality computer games
Learning to fly using virtual reality simulator
Visiting virtual museums on the Internet
Show students some slides to prove these facts
T: Would you like to visit the Science Museum website? Why or why not?
Would you like to go to a virtual university?
S:
T: Virtual reality can bring us lots of convenient. You will find lots of good information at home, and needn’t spend time traveling there.
Study in such a world-famous university without going out of your room.
II. Reading
The text will talk about virtual reality now let’s read the text and do the exercises
True or False
1. This weekend Tom will help Cathy finish a project on the history of the Internet.
2. Cathy is more interested in virtual holiday than Tom.
3. Tom will have a virtual reality holidays this weekend.
4. Virtual university is an interesting game on line instead of a real university.
5. Virtual reality holidays spend less time than real holidays.
6. You needn’t go to the real place in virtual reality holidays but you can get real feeling of traveling there.
7. The Science Museum on line doesn’t exist in fact, just imagine it.
Answers: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F
Read the dialogue and answer the questions below.
1. Why can’t Cathy go out this weekend?
2. Where is Tom planning to go?
3. Does Cathy have a programme for ‘virtual’ holidays on her computer?
4. Does she really think she will have the chance to go on a world tour?
5. What would Tom like to do with virtual reality?
6. Why is Cathy so excited about the technology?
Answers:
1. She has to finish her project.
2. He’ll go camping if the weather is good.
3. No.
4. No
5. He would like to go to a world famous university.
6. Because she thought she would be able to go anywhere she liked.
III. Further reading
Read the text again and pay attention to the right expression.
Correct mistakes
1. What are you going to do at this weekend.
2. I have too many things to be done.
3. We won’t go to go camping if it will rain
4. If they invent virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the –world tour.
5. Do you have anything plan for Saturday and Sunday.
6. Tom imagines himself go to a famous university.
7. Personal I’m interested in virtual university.
Answers: 1. 去掉at 2. 去掉be 3. 去掉will 4. invent改為invented 5. plan改為 planed 6. go改為going 7. Personal 改為Personally
IV. Talking
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a virtual university?
Would you like to go to such a university? Why?
Advantages of a virtual university
No limit to time and place It is convenient to attend
take your job as study save transportation time
needn’t buy text material
V. Language points
1. what’s …up to 口語中 問對(duì)方在做什么。
You look worried, what have you been up to? 你看上去很擔(dān)心的樣子，怎么了？
My brother locked himself in his room for a whole morning. What is he up to?
弟弟整個(gè)上午把自己關(guān)在房間，他在干什么？
2. suggest 建議,后接賓語從句（虛擬語氣）或動(dòng)名詞短語。
I suggest that you (should ) check the information before you sign your name.
我建議你在簽字之前檢查一下所列信息。
Catherine suggests asking her dad for his opinion. 凱瑟琳建議征詢她爸爸的建議。
暗示， 表明（真實(shí)語氣）
The look on his face suggested he was angry. 他臉上的表情表明他生氣了。
3. But I still find it hard to imagine.
It 是形式賓語， hard 為賓語補(bǔ)足語 ，to imagine為真正的賓語
Children find it hard to concentrate. 孩子們發(fā)覺很難集中精力
I find it a great pleasure to meet you here. 在這里遇見你真令人愉快。
She thought it best to wait for him. 我認(rèn)為最好等他。
I found it not easy to get on with Jim. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)和吉姆相處不容易。
VI. Grammar
Do the exercise 5
Read the sentences in italics in the first seventeen lines of the dialogue, Are the sentences used to talk about:
a) Unlikely situations in the future?
b) Possible situations in the future?
1. If I don’t finish my project on the history of the Internet for next Monday’s lesson, the science teacher will be angry.
2. If it’s good, Dad, Mum and I will probably go camping.
3. We won’t go if it rains.
4. If I stay home, I’ll help you with your project if you like.
5. If you tell me some titles, I’ll look for them in the library.
6. If you go to the Science Museum website, you’ll find lots of good information.
7. If we had virtual reality holiday, we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather.
8. If they invented virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the-world tour.
Do the exercise 6.
Write these sentences as First Conditionals. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1. What (do) if your computer (not work)?
What will you do if your computer doesn’t work?
2. (You go) out with me on Saturday night if you (finish) the project?
Will you go out with me on Saturday night if you finish he project?
3. If you (go) to that website, you (find) some interesting information.
If you go to that website, you’ll find some interesting information.
4. (You go) to that concert if it (rain)?
Will you go to that concert if it rains?
5. She (buy) a computer if she (get) that job.
She’ll buy a computer if she gets that job.
6. I (give) you the information if you (telephone) me tomorrow.
I’ll give you the information if you telephone me tomorrow.
7. What (you do) if the information if you (telephone) me tomorrow.
What will you do if the weather isn’t good tomorrow.
8. My sister (not go) to London if she (not pass) her exam.
My sister won’t go to London is she doesn’t pass her exams.
Do the exercise 7
Read the sentences and decide what the people are expressing.
a) Unrealistic hopes for he future
b) Plans for the future
c) Something that isn’t possible now
If we had virtual reality holidays, we wouldn’t have any problems with the weather.
If they invented virtual reality holidays, I’d go on an around-the-tour.
Do the exercise 8
Who would say these things, a or b?
1. If I had the money, I would buy a new IBM computer.
a) a student b) a millionaire
2. If I felt ill, I would stop smoking.
a) a smoker b) a non-smoker
3. If I were a teacher, I would be popular with my students.
a) a teacher b) a journalist
answers : 1. a 2. b 3. b
VII. Words and Expressions
48. title n. 題目；名 ：稱呼；頭銜（ name of a book, film, picture, etc. ； word that we put in front of a person’s name ）
The title of a book is printed on the cover. 書名印在書的封面上。
What is the title of the play? 戲的名字是什么？
The author’s name is printed on the title page. 作者姓名印在標(biāo)題頁上。
He deserves the title of poet. 他不愧為詩人。
‘Sir’, ‘Mr.’ and ‘Miss’ are titles. Sir, Mr.和Miss都是稱呼。
the title of doctor 博士的頭銜 adopt this title 采用這個(gè)篇名
earn the title of 贏得……的稱號(hào) select a title for a short story 為短篇小說選個(gè)篇名
49. destination n. 目的地；終點(diǎn) ( place where a person or thing is going )
I am bound for Shanghai; that is my destination. 我到上海去，那是我的目的地。
We shall not arrive at our destination before evening. 黃昏前我們到不了目的地。
one’s final destination 最后目的地 reach one’s destination 到達(dá)目的地
50. flesh n.[U] 肉 ；肉類，獸肉 ( soft part of a person’s or animal’s body, under the skin ；meat )
Tigers are flesh eating animals. 虎是食肉動(dòng)物。
He is losing flesh these days. 近來他消瘦了。
We eat the flesh of animals, birds, and fish. 我們吃獸類、禽類和魚類的肉。
n.[U] 肉體 ( man’s body, but not his spirit )
The pain was almost more than flesh could take. 疼痛幾乎使肉體受不了。
51. exit n.[C] (公共建筑物、高速道路等的) 出口 （ an emergency exit ）
an illegal exit 偷渡 [非法] 出境
52. historical adj. 歷史的；歷史上的 ( of past times )
Qu Yuan is a historical play written by Guo Moruo. 《屈原》是郭沫若寫的一部歷史劇。
a historical film 歷史電影 historical evidence 史料
a historical novel 歷史小說 historical studies 歷史研究
historical character 歷史人物
historic adj. 歷史意義的，歷史上著名的 ( important in past times )
There are a lot of historic spots in China. 中國(guó)有許多古跡。
1066 was an historic year for England. 1066年對(duì)英國(guó)來說是有歷史意義的一年。
53. site n. 地點(diǎn)；場(chǎng)所 ( place where something is, was or will be )
London is on the site of a Roman fort. 倫敦在一個(gè)古羅馬堡壘的舊址上。
We put up our tent in the camp site. 我們?cè)跔I(yíng)地上搭起了帳蓬。
54. pack n. 包；背包；包裹 ；vt. 塞滿；擠滿；裝滿 （動(dòng)物）一群 （ put things into a box, bag, etc. until it is full ：group of animals that run and hunt together ； fill tightly ）
The hikers had packs on their backs. 徒步旅行的人都背著背包。
The soldier carried a pack on his back. 這個(gè)軍人背上背著一個(gè)背包。
Lions do not hunt in packs, but alone. 獅子不成群獵食而是單獨(dú)出動(dòng)。
We knew he was packing in his clothes. 我們知道他在收拾衣服。
Have the goods been packed yet? 貨物包裝好了嗎？
Have you packed your things up? 你的東西捆扎好了嗎？
These things pack easily. 這些東西很容易包裝。
The room was packed with people. 房間里擠滿了人。
The auditorium was packed that night. 這天晚上，禮堂里擠滿了人。
The people packed into the train. 人們擠進(jìn)了火車。
The boys were packed together in a small room. 男孩子們都擠在一間小屋里。
55. dip vt. 浸；蘸；汲取 （ put something into liquid. for a short time and then take it out again ）
He dipped his pen into the ink. 他拿鋼筆蘸墨水。
He dipped a finger in it. 他把一個(gè)手指伸進(jìn)里面蘸了一下。
I dipped up a bucketful of water out of the well. 我從井里提起一桶水
The sun dips below the sea. 太陽沉入海平面以下。
dip into vt. vi.浸，泡；舀取
56. toe n. 腳趾
Please don’t step on my toes. 請(qǐng)別踩我的腳趾。 My shoes have round toes. 我的鞋是圓頭的。
from top to toe / a big toe 手指
57. millionaire n. 巨富，百萬富翁 ( a person who has a million pounds or dollars; a very rich man )
To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire! 把一套那樣的衣服賣給一位百萬富翁！
We could all be millionaires one day. 有一天或許我們大家都會(huì)成為百萬富翁。
58. smoker n. 吸煙者 ( someone who smokes cigarettes or tobacco )
“ Would you like a cigarette?” “No, thank you. I’m a non smoker.” “你要不要抽支煙？”“不，謝謝你，我（是個(gè)）不抽煙（的人）�！�
VIII. Language in Use
Write about your ideal future. Think about your home, job, partner, family, etc. write conditional sentences to explain why you would like this kind of life.
IX. Homework
Write about your ideal future. Think about your home, job. Partner, family, etc. Write conditional sentences to explain why you would like this kind of life.
Lesson 4 Virtual Tourism
Objectives
To practise intensive and extensive reading skills (anticipating meaning, scanning).
To develop strategies to match topics with paragraphs.
To identify important words in a text.
To practise using linking words (addition) –also, as well as, too
To practise collocations with do and make.
To listen to a talk to find out main facts.
I. Pre-Reading
1. Do you like travelling ? Have you been to New Zealand ? Now today, we are going to travel to New Zealand. Where is New Zealand ?
Show some pictures about New Zealand
2. Look at the photos and guess a few things about Auckland.
Example
Auckland is near the sea.
II. Reading
1. True or False?
Listen to the tape , are these statements true or false?
1) Auckland is the capital of New Zealand.
2) Auckland is located on South Island.
3) Sky Tower is Auckland’s tallest Tower.
4) Maoris were the first people of New Zealand .
5) The climate in Auckland is wet and rainy.
6) It’s the paradise(天堂) for water lovers.
Answers: FFTTFT
2. Read the text and complete the table below.
Population less than a million
Location On North Island
History *Maoris settled 650 years ago
European settlement began in 1840
Famous sights *Mt Eden; * Parnell village;
* Auckland Harbour Bridge;
* Sky Tower; *Auckland museum;
Climate Warm, plenty of sunshine
3. Match the topics a-f with the five paragraphs in the text. There is one extra topic.
a) the history of the city□
b) travel links□
c) things to see in Auckland□
d) night-life in Auckland□
e) for water lovers□
f) New Zealand’s largest city□
Answers: 25341
III. Post-Reading
Match this information with the words in blue in the text. These are called “hot words”. On a real internet page you can “click” on these words to get more information.
1 New Zealand produces iron and steel, machines and cars.
2 The first people of New Zealand came from other Pacific islands.
3 The capital of New Zealand is on the Cook Strait, which separates the two islands.
4 This bridge is one of the city’s most famous sights. It was built in 1959.
5 New Zealand does not allow nuclear materials anywhere in the country.
1 business and industry
2 Maori
3 Wellington
4 Auckland Harbour Bridge
5 nuclear-free zone
IV. Vocabulary
1. population n. 人口；（動(dòng)物的）種群；住在某一地區(qū)的人；生長(zhǎng)于某一地區(qū)的動(dòng)物
What is the population of this city? 這個(gè)城市的人口是多少？
The population in these villages still uses well water.住在這些鄉(xiāng)村里的人依然飲用井水。
2. locate vt. 找到…位置 ；設(shè)置；住（在）
I can not locate the shop. 我找不到這家商店。
The new building will be located in the center of town. 這座大樓將建在市中心。
Their factory is located at the foot of the mountain. 他們的工廠坐落在山腳下。
3. settle vt., vi. 定居；使定居；安置；安頓；落下；棲息；使平靜，使安靜，使鎮(zhèn)靜
My son has settled happily in America. 我兒子已在美國(guó)愉快地定居了。
We are settled in our new home. 我們住入新居。
The insect settled on a leaf. 一只昆蟲落在一片樹葉上。
Wait until the excitement has settled down. 等到興奮的情緒鎮(zhèn)靜下來再說。
V. Speaking
Imagine you have a weekend in Auckland. Choose places you would like to visit and things you would like to do. Then work in pairs. Plan a weekend together in Auckland.
Example
A: Why don’t we visit Auckland Museum on Saturday morning?
B: That’s a good idea. Do you fancy going to the beach after that?
Tell the class what you have decided to do.
VI. Words and Expressions
59. tourism
tourist n. 旅游者；觀光者 ( someone on holiday; who travels around to see places )
Thousands of tourists arrived in China last week. 成千上萬的游覽者在上星期到達(dá)中國(guó)。
Many tourists go to France and Italy in summer. 夏天很多旅游者去法國(guó)和意大利。
The foreign tourists marvel at the fine view of the West Lake. 外國(guó)旅游者驚嘆西湖的優(yōu)美景色。
a tourist agency 旅行社 tourist party 觀光團(tuán)
a restaurant catering to tourist 專供旅游者就餐的飯店
60. guide v. 領(lǐng)路；帶領(lǐng) ；n. 向?qū)�；指�?( to show the right way; to lead ； a person or book which shows you where to go ；n. something that helps you to do things, etc. )
He guided us through the forest. 他領(lǐng)我們穿過了森林。
He flashed a torch to guide me. 他打手電給我引路。
The dog guided the blind man across the road. 那條狗領(lǐng)著盲人過馬路。
Teachers should guide the students in their studies. 教師應(yīng)當(dāng)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生們的學(xué)習(xí)。
This is the guiding principle in our work. 這是我們的指導(dǎo)原則。
It’s an important guide to the study of science. 它是學(xué)科學(xué)的重要指導(dǎo)。
He volunteered to act as a guide to the Palace Museum. 他自動(dòng)提出充當(dāng)游故宮的向?qū)А?/p>
a guide to farming 耕作指南 a guide to grammar 語法入門
Signposts are a guide to drivers. 路標(biāo)是司機(jī)的向?qū)А?guide post 路標(biāo)
61. locate vt. 設(shè)置 ( establish or place in a particular place or position )
Where is the new factory to be located? 新工廠將設(shè)在何處？
The firm located its office in Shanghai. 這家公司在上海設(shè)置辦公室。
Can you locate Paris on the map? 你能在地圖上指出巴黎嗎？
The soldiers located the enemy. 戰(zhàn)士們查出了敵人的所在地方。
location n. 地點(diǎn)，位置 ( a position; a place )
This is a good location for a shop. 這兒是設(shè)置商店的好地點(diǎn)。
The film is being shot on location. 那部電影正在拍攝外景。
62. settle vt. 安置；安放 ；定居；移居 ；決定；解決 ( place or plant firmly and securely ；to make a place your home ；to decide )
He settled himself in the armchair. 他安坐在扶手椅上。
The family finally settled in South America. 這家人最后在南美定居下來。
A long time ago, a great number of English people settled in America and Australia.
很久以前，大批英國(guó)人到美洲和澳洲定居。
I settled down in the chair and went to sleep. 我在椅子里坐下來睡著了。
The children were noisy but they’ve settled down now. 孩子們剛才很吵鬧，不過現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)安靜下了。
At last he settled all his bills. 最后他付清了一切賬單。
The account is settled at the end of every year. 每年年底結(jié)帳。
We’ve settled that we’ll stay here three days. 我們已經(jīng)決定在這里住三天。
The question will be settled tonight. 這個(gè)問題將在今晚解決。
vi. 定居 ( take up residence )
settle in London 定居于倫敦
I can’t make up my mind where to settle. 我不能決定定居何處。
The weather has settled at last. 天氣終于穩(wěn)定下來（不再多變）了。
He cannot settle to anything. 他不能專心做任何事。
I can’t settle finally till I know more details. 直到我了解更多細(xì)節(jié)我才能決定。
A butterfly settled on his arm. 一只蝴蝶停在他手臂上。
settlement n. 解決（方案）； 拓居地；定居點(diǎn)；新住處 ( agreeing about something after discussing it ；group of homes in a place where no people have lived before )
After long talks about pay, the managers and workers reached a settlement.
就工資進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期談判后，勞資雙方達(dá)成一項(xiàng)解決辦法。
The first settlements were on the east coast of America. 最初的殖民地是在美洲的東海岸。
The Pilgrim Fathers made a settlement in America. 首批清教徒在美洲開拓了一個(gè)殖民地。
63. central adj. 中心的；中央的 （ in the middle of something ）
The Party Central Committee is leading us on the new long march.
黨中央正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們進(jìn)行新的長(zhǎng)征。
Piccadilly is in central London. 皮卡迪利廣場(chǎng)在倫敦市中心。
64. suburb n. 郊區(qū)；郊外 （ one of the outside parts of a town or city ）
Wimbledon is a suburb of London. 溫布爾頓是倫敦的一個(gè)郊區(qū)。
I live in the suburbs of Taipei. 我住在臺(tái)北市郊。
65. zone n. 地區(qū)（特別指在城鎮(zhèn)）；地帶 （ an area of ground (especially in a town) ）
A war zone is a district where fighting is going on. 戰(zhàn)區(qū)就是進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的地方。
a buffer zone 緩沖地帶 a combat zone 交戰(zhàn)地帶
the cotton zone in America 美國(guó)的植棉地區(qū) a danger zone 危險(xiǎn)地帶
frigid zone 寒帶 a malaria zone 瘧疾流行地區(qū)
a neutral zone 中立地帶 a “no passing” zone 禁止通行地區(qū)
a residence zone 住宅區(qū) a safety zone 安全地帶
a school (business) zone 文教（商業(yè)）區(qū) the temperate zone 溫帶
torrid zone 熱帶 a war zone 交戰(zhàn)地帶 a wheat zone 產(chǎn)麥區(qū)
66. volcano n.[C] 火山(mountain with a hole in the top where fire, hot rock, ash, and gas come out)
Vesuvius is a volcano. 維蘇威山是一座火山。
67. as well as 既……也（又）；不僅……而且 ；同樣；同樣好地 （ and also ；in as good a way as ）
He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有學(xué)識(shí)又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
She’s clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聰明。
He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知識(shí)又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
Scott has a flat in London as well as a house in Edinburgh.
斯科特不僅在愛丁堡有座房子，而且在倫敦有個(gè)套間。
I, as well as you, know that. 我和你一樣，也知道那件事。
He said he could sing as well as the birds. 他說，他和鳥兒一樣能唱歌。
He can speak English as well as you do. 他說英文和你說的同樣好。
68. harbour n. 港；港口 （ place where ships come to land safely ）
At daybreak we entered Shanghai harbour. 我們?cè)诜鲿詴r(shí)進(jìn)入了上海港。
69. view n.[U] 看見；視域；眺望 （seeing or being seen ）
The Great Wall came into our view. 長(zhǎng)城出現(xiàn)在我們眼前。
The speaker stood in full view of the crowd. 演講者站在大家能看得到的地方。
n.[C] 觀看的地方；景色，風(fēng)景 （place that you look at; picture or photograph of a place）
The view from our house is very beautiful. 從我們的房子看出去，風(fēng)景很美。
What a wonderful view from your window! 從你家的窗子里看，這一帶景色美麗極了！
We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill. 從山頂上我們清楚地看到了全城景色。
n.[C] 觀點(diǎn)；見解，意見 （ opinion, what you believe or think about something ）
He holds strong views on race. 他對(duì)種族問題的觀點(diǎn)很鮮明。
I take a different view of it. 我對(duì)這有不同的看法。
With a view to the study of the most modern books, he joined the local library.
為了閱讀最新的書籍，他加入了地方圖書館。
vt. 觀看，視察 （ look at ）
He determined to view the rooms behind the office. 他決心去看看辦公室后邊的那些房間。
I view his conduct in the gravest light.我很看重他的行為。
They are viewing the map. 他們?cè)诳吹貓D。 They are viewed as models. 他們被看作模范。
The subject may be viewed in various ways. 這問題可用不同的方式考慮。
view at this angle 從這個(gè)角度進(jìn)行考慮
things viewed critically 批判地看待的事物
viewed historically 從歷史上考慮
view it optimistically 樂觀地估計(jì)這件事
view the problem from all angles 全面地考慮問題
70. sunshine n.[U] 陽光；日照 ( bright light from the sun )
The sunshine didn’t last long. 日光照耀的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng)（陽光從云后出來的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，又隱沒了）。
Come out into the sunshine and play. 出來到陽光底下來玩。
We haven’t had much sunshine this week. 這個(gè)星期我們沒有看到多少陽光。
the sunshine of her smile 她那令人愉快的微笑
71. average n. 平均數(shù) ；平常；一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ( the middle value of a set of numbers ； the usual sort or amount of; the common standard )
The average of 4,5 and 6 is 5. 4、5和6的平均數(shù)為5。
The average of 4 and 8 is six. 八和四的平均數(shù)是六。
His record is above the average in the class. 他的成績(jī)?cè)诎嗬镏械纫陨稀?/p>
His pay is below the average. 他的工資低于一般水平。
adj. 平均的 ；普通的；平常的 （ mean; middle ； ordinary; usual ）
The average age of the boys in this class is twelve. 這個(gè)班學(xué)生的平均年齡為十二歲。
The goods are of average quality. 這些貨物質(zhì)量一般。
The average man is not interested in this subject. 普通人一般對(duì)這題目不感興趣。
vt. 求平均數(shù) （ find the average of ）
If you average 4,6 and 11, you get 7. 你如將四、六和十一平均之，你即得七。
We average eight hours a day. 我們平均每天工作八小時(shí)。
The writer averages two stories a month. 那作家平均一個(gè)月寫兩個(gè)故事。
up to the average 達(dá)到一般水平
72. regular adj. 經(jīng)常的；定期的，有規(guī)律的；固定的 （ happening again and again at the same time, usual or at fixed times, etc.; not changing or stopping ）
Sunday is a regular holiday. 星期日是例假。
I wish my working hours were more regular. 我的工作時(shí)間能更正常一些就好了。
He has no