高中英語句子成分分析
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作乃至生活中,說到句子,大家肯定都不陌生吧,借助句子,我們可以更好地表達(dá)。什么樣的句子才經(jīng)典呢?以下是小編為大家整理的高中英語句子成分分析,歡迎大家分享。
高中英語句子成分分析1
英語的基本成分有七種:主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、表語(predicative)、賓語(object)、定語(attribute)、狀語(adverbial)和補(bǔ)語(complement)。
英語五種基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一:SV(主+謂)
基本句型二:SVP(主+謂+表)
基本句型三:SVO(主+謂+賓)
基本句型四:SVoO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)
基本句型五:SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))
基本句型一
此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。
這類動詞叫做不及物動詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
。樱郑ú患拔飫釉~)
1.The sun │was shining.
2.The moon │rose.
3.The universe │remains.
4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink.
5.Who │cares?
6.What he said │does not matter.
7.They │talked for half an hour.
8.The pen │writes smoothly
1.太陽在照耀著。
2.月亮升起了。
3.宇宙長存。
4.我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5.管它呢?
6.他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。
7.他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。
8.這支筆書寫流利。
基本句型二
此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn):句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類:be, look, keep, seem等屬一類,表示情況;get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類,表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。
。樱郑ㄊ窍祫釉~)P
1.This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2.The dinner │smells │good.
3.He │fell │in love.
4.Everything │looks │different.
5.He │is growing │tall and strong.
6.The trouble│is │that they are short of money.
7.Our well│has gone │dry.
8.His face│turned │red.
1.這是本英漢辭典。
2.午餐的氣味很好。
3.他墮入了情網(wǎng)。
4.一切看來都不同了。
5.他長得又高又壯。
6.麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。
7.我們的井干枯了。
8.他的.臉紅了。
基本句型三
此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是:謂語動詞都具有實(shí)義,都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作,但不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語,即動作的承受者,才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。
。樱郑拔飫釉~)O
1.Who │knows │the answer?
2.She │smiled │her thanks.
3.He │has refused│to help them.
4.He │enjoys │reading.
5.They │ate │what was left over.
6.He │said │"Good morning."
7.I │want │to have a cup of tea.
8.He │admits │that he was mistaken.
1.誰知道答案?
2.她微笑表示感謝。
3.他拒絕幫他們的忙。
4.他喜歡看書。
5.他們吃了剩飯。
6.他說:“早上好!”
7.我想喝杯茶。
8.他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。
基本句型四
此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn):謂語動詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動作的直接承受者,另一個(gè)是動作的間接承受者。
通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來連接,當(dāng)動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時(shí),這一介詞往往被省略。
SV(及物)o(多指人)O(多指物)
1.She│ordered│herself │a new dress.
2.She│cooked │her husband│a delicious meal.
3.He│brought│you │a dictionary.
4.He│denies │her │nothing.
5.I │showed │him │my pictures.
6.I │gave │my car │a wash.
7.I │told │him │that the bus was late.
8.He│showed │me │how to run the machine.
1.她給自己定了一套新衣裳。
2.她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。
3.他給你帶來了一本字典。
4.他對她什么都不拒絕。
5.我給他看我的照片。
6.我洗了我的汽車。
7.我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。
8.他教我開機(jī)器。
基本句型五
此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語,才能使意思完整。
SV(及物)O(賓語)C(賓補(bǔ))
1.They │appointed │him │manager.
2.They │painted│the door │green.
3.This │set │them │thinking.
4.They │found │the house │deserted.
5.What │makes │him │think so?
6.We│saw │him │out.
7.He│asked │me │to come back soon.
8.I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
1.他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。
2.他們把門漆成綠色。
3.這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。
4.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。
5.他怎么會這樣想?
6.我們送他出去。
7.他要我早點(diǎn)回來。
8.我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。
高中英語句子成分分析2
英語句子成分分析
(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。
(二)主語:主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music hasbecome more and more popular.(名詞)
We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數(shù)詞)
To swim in the river is agreat pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(動名詞)
The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主語從句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡單謂語:由一個(gè)動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、復(fù)合謂語:
(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:We are students.
(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(愛好)is playing football.(動名詞)
The machine must be out of order.(介詞短語)
Time is up. The class is over.(副詞)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表語從句)
(五)賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代詞)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(動名詞短語)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(賓語從句)
賓語種類:
(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名詞)
They painted their boat white.(形容詞)
Let the fresh air in.(副詞)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短語)
We saw her entering the room.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介詞短語)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(從句)
(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分詞)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代詞)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(動名詞)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介詞短語)
(八)狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分詞短語)
Wait a minute.(名詞)
Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語從句)
狀語種類如下:
How about meeting again at six?(時(shí)間狀語)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance partybecause of the rain.(原因狀語)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(條件狀語)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地點(diǎn)狀語)
She put the eggs into the basket withgreat care.(方式狀語)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的狀語)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結(jié)果狀語)
She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語)
I am taller than he is.(比較狀語)
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