2024高考試卷真題
在各領域中,我們或多或少都會接觸到試卷,試卷是課程考核統(tǒng)計分析工作的重要組成部分,它包括試卷的信度、效度、區(qū)分度、難度四個方面。那么你知道什么樣的試卷才能有效幫助到我們嗎?下面是小編為大家收集的2024高考試卷真題,希望對大家有所幫助。
2024年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(新課標Ⅱ卷)
語 文
本試卷共9頁?荚嚱Y束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項:
1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準考證號碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2.答題時請按要求用筆。
3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。
4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(35分)
。ㄒ唬┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀I(本題共5小題,19分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
材料一:
土星5號火箭升空了!
它一點一點上升,龐大的身軀穩(wěn)健有力。
阿姆斯特朗、柯林斯和奧爾德林被巨大的推力緊緊摁在座位上;鸺谒麄兩硐鲁掷m(xù)上升,各級火箭按照預定程序點火,第一級火箭、逃逸塔、第二級火箭一一分離。繞地球軌道飛行一周后,宇航員檢查了火箭和飛船狀況。第三級火箭再次點火,把飛船推向更遠的高空。
當?shù)厍虮凰Φ缴砗,就是船箭分離的時候:第三級火箭前端打開,哥倫比亞號從頂端彈出。鷹號(登月艙)在火箭頂端繼續(xù)待命,這艘小飛船外形奇特,像一只蜷縮著的蜘蛛。哥倫比亞號的駕駛員柯林斯,讓飛船慢慢轉身!案鐐惐葋啞迸c“鷹”對接成功。宇航員告別土星5號的最后一級火箭,乘坐合成一體的兩艘小飛船繼續(xù)飛行。
終于抵達月球上空。阿姆斯特朗和奧爾德林駕駛鷹號離開,向著月球越飛越近?铝炙柜{駛著哥倫比亞號孤獨地環(huán)繞月球飛行。此時此刻,那些遠在地球上的人,不管是朋友還是陌生人,都時刻關注著、期待著……
預定著陸區(qū)在哪兒?宇航員們?nèi)λ褜ぁ5且馔夂鋈话l(fā)生:當他們發(fā)現(xiàn)著陸區(qū),鷹號已經(jīng)飛過了頭!數(shù)英里一閃而過,舷窗外的月球變得崎嶇不平。家園遠在萬里之外,更無法奢望什么援手。此時此刻,他們能做的,只有保持鎮(zhèn)定,平穩(wěn)駕駛,繼續(xù)飛行。
看到了,就在不遠處,那里平整而干凈!鷹號慢慢減速、緩緩下降。登月艙越來越低、越來越低……直到平穩(wěn)落地!此時此刻,在遙遠的地球,人們鴉雀無聲、屏息聆聽。
一個聲音從遙遠的太空傳來,那是阿姆斯特朗從月球發(fā)出的聲音:“這里是靜海基地,‘鷹’著陸成功!彼惓F届o,地球上的人們卻爆發(fā)出歡呼的聲音。隨后,阿姆斯特朗和奧爾德林沿著舷梯爬下登月艙。
陌生、寂靜、壯麗的月球從此有了生命。
。ㄕ幾圆既R恩·弗洛卡《登月》,袁瑋譯)
材料二:
今年6月,聯(lián)合國外層空間事務辦公室舉行會議,中國科學家介紹了“嫦娥四號”探月任務,表示將于2018年底前將中繼衛(wèi)星發(fā)射至月球背面上空一個引力穩(wěn)定的位置,即地-月L2點,這顆中繼衛(wèi)星將執(zhí)行為期三年的任務。新華社的報道沒有透露“嫦娥四號”發(fā)射的具體時間,只是說將在2020年之前發(fā)射。自1976年蘇聯(lián)的“月球24號”抵達月球之后,中國的“嫦娥三號”首次于2013年在月球實現(xiàn)軟著陸。它搭載的“玉兔一號”月球車共有6個輪子,在任務結束前共行駛了約114米。中國科學家在《科學》雜志上發(fā)表的研究結果顯示,“玉兔一號”的探地雷達探測到其著陸點下方有9個明顯不同的地下層,表明該地區(qū)有著復雜的地質史,這與“阿波羅號”宇航員探索地區(qū)的情況有所不同。根據(jù)今年6月在聯(lián)合國會議上發(fā)布的信息,“嫦娥四號”任務的主要工程目標包括進行月球背面著陸和深空數(shù)據(jù)中繼。中國方面已邀請國際社會圍繞“嫦娥四號”探月任務建立合作關系。
。ㄕg自斯蒂芬·克拉克《中國計劃在2020年前登上月球背面》,2015年9月22日,英國“當今天文學”網(wǎng))
材料三:
從古至今,人類舉頭望月,傳頌動人神話,譜寫優(yōu)美詩篇,卻很少有人意識到,億萬年來,月亮的“圖案”從未變化。月球繞地球一圈的公轉周期完全等于月球自轉周期,所以人們只能看到它固定朝向地球的一面,我們把月球背向地球的一面稱為“月背”。2019年1月11日,在北京航天飛行控制中心大廳里,科技人員見證了“嫦娥四號”和“玉兔二號”順利完成“兩器互拍”,這標志著“嫦娥四號”任務取得圓滿成功,我國成為世界上首個成功實施在月球背面軟著陸并巡視探測的國家。人類開啟了探索月球背面的新紀元!
這是一次前無古人的科學探險。月背探測是中國航天的首個世界第一,它具有巨大的科學和工程意義,是人類航天史上的重大突破!坝裢枚枴蹦壑袊教烊说挠職夂椭腔,像一位孤膽英雄,面對未知的風險與挑戰(zhàn),勇敢進發(fā),努力探索。得益于駕駛員團隊的悉心照料與陪伴,“玉兔二號”已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了人類月面巡視器生存時間最長的世界紀錄!坝裢枚枴碧綔y到了馮·卡門撞擊坑的地下結構以及月球背面的最低溫度等,取得了一系列科學成果,為人類揭開了月背的神秘面紗。
本書完稿之際,我國首個火星探測器“天問一號”已飛離地球,中國航天人的目光又隨之投向深空。我由衷期盼這本書能引領讀者走近探月、走近航天,滋潤心中科學的幼苗,點燃胸中追夢的火焰,更希望年輕人能夠沿著這一代航天人的足跡,不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索火星,去探索木星,不斷追逐心中的星辰大海。
。ㄕ幾詤莻ト省<月背征途>推薦序》)
1. 下列對材料一中畫橫線語句的圖解,排序恰當?shù)囊豁検牵?)
A. ⑥②④①⑤③ B. ②④①⑥③⑤ C. ⑥④①②⑤③ D. ②⑥①④③⑤
2. 下列對材料相關內(nèi)容的理解和分析,不正確的一項是( )
A. 土星5號“體型”龐大,因為它需要把逃逸塔和登月艙送入月球軌道,不過在飛行途中它會不斷地分離,以減輕自重。
B. 鷹號的著陸過程并不順利,飛船飛過了預定著陸區(qū),前方情況不明,但是兩位宇航員鎮(zhèn)定、冷靜地解決了突發(fā)問題。
C. 2013年,“嫦娥三號”搭載“玉兔一號”在月球安全著陸,這為我國探月工程后續(xù)任務的實施打下了良好的基礎。
D. “玉兔二號”在月球的生存時間已經(jīng)超過了“玉兔一號”,它探測到了全新的科學數(shù)據(jù),為人類揭開了月背的神秘面紗。
3. 下列對材料相關內(nèi)容的分析和評價,正確的一項是( )
A. 材料一中“此時此刻,那些遠在地球上的人……期待著”“此時此刻……人們鴉雀無聲”等語句,烘托了登月艙即將著陸時的緊張氣氛。
B. 材料二引用我國學者在《科學》雜志上的研究成果,將“玉兔一號”和“阿波羅號”的探測結果進行比對,然后對后者提出質疑。
C. 材料三使用“世界上首個”“首個世界第一”等詞語,表明“嫦娥四號”探測器取得不凡成就,也表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團隊獲得成功后激動的心情。
D. 從材料一的成功登陸月面,到材料二“探測到……不同的地下層”,再到材料三的月背征途,可以看出人類在不斷地對未知事物進行探索。
4. 《<月背征途>推薦序》對讀者了解這本書有哪些幫助?請根據(jù)材料三概括說明。
5. “科學無國界,科學家有祖國”,這在中國航天人身上是如何體現(xiàn)的?請根據(jù)材料簡要分析。
【答案】1. B 2. A
3. A 4. ①提供背景信息:通過月背知識介紹,強調了月背探測的科學和工程意義,突出了中國航天的創(chuàng)新和突破。
、谕怀鰰局髦迹航榻B了“嫦娥四號”和“玉兔二號”任務的成功,展示了中國在月球探測方面的成就。
、酃膭钭x者追求夢想,展望未來航天任務:鼓勵讀者了解探月和航天知識,激發(fā)科學興趣和探索精神。
5. ①從人類第一次登上月球,到中國航天人通過“嫦娥四號”和“玉兔二號”任務持續(xù)深入地探索月球,以及對月背的研究,都展現(xiàn)了全人類在探月領域的不斷探索和進步,這體現(xiàn)了“科學無國界”的探索精神。
②他們在國際會議上分享探月任務的進展,邀請國際社會合作,體現(xiàn)了開放和合作的“無國界”態(tài)度。
、弁ㄟ^不斷的技術創(chuàng)新和科學探索,取得了多項世界第一,展現(xiàn)了中國航天人的智慧和勇氣,體現(xiàn)了科學家有報效祖國、為國爭光的愛國情懷。
【解析】
【1題詳解】
本題考查學生準確理解并運用圖表信息的能力。
材料一畫線句首先闡述了“船箭分離”的過程:“第三級火箭前端打開,哥倫比亞號從頂端彈出”。而圖解中,②展現(xiàn)的是第三級火箭一開始的全貌,④則體現(xiàn)了“彈出”的過程,故②④應位于最前面。
然后,作者進一步介紹了在火箭頂端繼續(xù)待命的“鷹號(登月艙)”的樣貌特點“這艘小飛船外形奇特,像一只蜷縮著的蜘蛛”;接下來,則是“飛船慢慢轉身”“‘哥倫比亞’與‘鷹’對接成功”的'過程。而觀察圖解,我們能很明顯地看到,①中哥倫比亞號方向與④有明顯不同,體現(xiàn)了“轉身”的過程,⑥中兩者接觸則體現(xiàn)了“對接成功”的過程,所以緊接著是①⑥。
最后,材料描述了宇航員們告別土星5號的最后一級火箭,乘坐合成一體的兩艘小飛船繼續(xù)飛行的過程。圖解中,③體現(xiàn)了合體后的“哥倫比亞”與“鷹”離開火箭的過程,到⑤時,它們已成為單獨的飛行體。因此最后是③⑤。
所以排序恰當?shù)囊豁検牵孩冖堍佗蔻邰荨?/p>
故選B。
【2題詳解】
本題考查學生篩選并整合文中信息的能力。
A.“因為它需要把逃逸塔和登月艙送入月球軌道,不過在飛行途中它會不斷地分離,以減輕自重”曲解文意。土星5號的龐大體型不僅是為了送逃逸塔和登月艙入軌,還包括其他設備和燃料的需求,從而滿足其巨大的推力和運載能力,以便將宇航員和飛船送入太空。而火箭在飛行過程中的分離是為了完成不同的任務階段,而不是為了減輕自重。
故選A。
【3題詳解】
本題考查學生分析概括作者的觀點態(tài)度的能力。
B.“然后對后者提出質疑”無中生有。材料二只是簡單地提到了“玉兔一號”和“阿波羅號”探測到的情況有所不同,并沒有對“阿波羅號”提出質疑。
C.“也表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團隊獲得成功后激動的心情”曲解文意。選項中的“表現(xiàn)了駕駛員團隊獲得成功后激動的心情”在材料三中沒有直接體現(xiàn),文中主要強調的是“嫦娥四號”探測器的成就,而非駕駛員團隊的心情。
D.“可以看出人類在不斷地對未知事物進行探索”說法片面。材料一、二、三的內(nèi)容確實展示了人類對未知事物的不斷探索,但材料二主要是針對未來的規(guī)劃,說“在……探索”,不夠妥當。
故選A。
【4題詳解】
本題考查學生歸納內(nèi)容要點的能力。
材料三中,作者通過描述月球背面(月背)的概念和特點,即月球繞地球一圈的公轉周期完全等于月球自轉周期,人們只能看到月球固定朝向地球的一面,而另一面則是月背,這為讀者提供了關于月球的基本知識背景。由此,讀者或許可以更深入地了解月背探測的艱難,以及中國探測成功背后的科學、工程意義。
作者在推薦序強調了月背探測作為人類航天史上的重大突破和中國航天的首個世界第一的重要性,特別是詳細介紹了“嫦娥四號”任務的成功,尤其是“玉兔二號”探測到的科學成果,如馮·卡門撞擊坑的地下結構和月球背面的最低溫度等。這有助于讀者更加深入地了解中國航天的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和前景,從而幫助讀者理解這本書的核心內(nèi)容和價值。
根據(jù)材料三結尾作者的呼吁“我由衷期盼這本書能引領讀者走近探月、走近航天……不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索火星,去探索木星,不斷追逐心中的星辰大海”可知,作者通過這本書的推薦序,鼓勵讀者走近探月、走近航天,并希望年輕人能夠不懼孤寂,保持好奇,去探索未知的太空世界,這種激勵和鼓舞對于讀者來說是一種重要的精神力量。
【5題詳解】
本題考查學生探究問題,提出自己見解的能力。
對這句話,可以分成兩部分來理解。
首先,“科學無國界”強調的是科學是人類智慧的結晶,是屬于全人類的財富,理應為全人類服務,展現(xiàn)的是一種開放態(tài)度。而材料一中火箭的各級分離、飛船的對接、鷹號的著陸等細節(jié),突顯了人類首次登月的偉大成就和技術復雜性。材料二介紹了中國“嫦娥四號”探月任務的計劃和進展。材料三則聚焦于“嫦娥四號”任務的成功實施,特別是“玉兔二號”在月球背面的探測成果。整體來看,文章通過對比歷史與現(xiàn)狀,展示了人類在探月領域的不斷探索和進步。這種探索精神,是屬于全人類的寶貴精神財富,是“無國界”的;
此外,在材料一中,我們可以看到,人類第一次登月這一盛事,獲得了全人類關注;而材料二最后還提到“中國方面已邀請國際社會圍繞‘嫦娥四號’探月任務建立合作關系”,可見中國在取得月球探測領域領先地位的同時,并沒有閉門造車,搞封閉戰(zhàn)術,而是秉持著和國際合作的開放態(tài)度。這充分體現(xiàn)了開放和合作的“無國界”態(tài)度。
而“科學家有祖國”體現(xiàn)的則是科學家的愛國精神但科學事業(yè)的發(fā)展和科學家的命運都與自己的國家有著密切的關系。因此,可從材料中檢索與此相關的信息。比如,材料三“‘玉兔二號’凝聚著中國航天人的勇氣和智慧,像一位孤膽英雄,面對未知的風險與挑戰(zhàn),勇敢進發(fā),努力探索。得益于駕駛員團隊的悉心照料與陪伴”等內(nèi)容,展現(xiàn)了中國航天人為了國家科技發(fā)展不懈奮斗的精神,以及對于中國在探月領域的不斷進步的自豪。這些,都體現(xiàn)了“科學家有祖國”的愛國精神。
。ǘ┈F(xiàn)代文閱讀II(本題共4小題,16分)
閱讀下面文字,完成下面小題。
千里江山圖(節(jié)選)
孫甘露
葉桃離開上海去了南京。那時候陳千里還不明白,為什么她那么不喜歡父親葉啟年做的事情,自己卻又加入進去。后來他才知道,葉桃去的地方是國民黨黨務調查科,在葉啟年的安排下,她成了機要室干事。
當時他反復問過自己:難道在上海,兆豐花園、夕陽、早春的湖水、水面上一對天鵝,這些都是他在做夢?難道他們手握著手、心怦怦跳時說的話,都只是分別前一時的沖動?他一直都很清楚,在他們兩個人當中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個。
新閘路樓上的廂房,他坐在窗下,她坐在梳妝臺前,他們在說話,他看見兩個她,一個在面前,一個在鏡子里。他完全沉浸在話題中,可說著說著,她忽然站起身,急匆匆奔出了家門。他心里總是隱隱覺得,別處某個地方,必定有一件更加重要的事情在等著她。
一年以后,陳千里也去了南京。
他在石婆婆巷租了一間小屋。白天他給書局做翻譯,等著葉桃下班。有時她給他打電話(巷口煙紙店有一臺公用電話),讓他去她上班的地方,她也會支使他做一點事情,到哪家鋪子買一包點心,或者去裁縫店取幾件衣服。
只要葉啟年不在南京,瞻園對葉桃來說就是一個十分自由自在的地方。那是個大園子,據(jù)說從前是座王府,門前有影壁,園里有假山。機要室在園子最北面,過了假山就能看見那排平房。他到了那里,讓門房打個電話,葉桃就會出來接他,有時候也會讓門房送他,到后來門房索性讓他自己進去。在記憶里,那幾個月過得特別安寧,葉桃也特別快樂。她好像找到了真正有意思的工作。
他們?nèi)ッ坊ㄉ剑窃绱憾,虬枝上開滿梅花,山坡上像籠罩了粉色云霧。他們心心相印,覺得整個世界退卻到遠處,眼前只剩下梅樹、藍天和那張臉龐。他們滿心喜悅,一起背誦著涅克拉索夫:“他們說暴風雨即將來臨,我不禁露出微笑!
但是世界仍舊在這里,葉桃置身其中的環(huán)境十分危險,瞻園里有許多陰鷙的壯漢、狼狗、不許人碰的文件和禁止入內(nèi)的警示牌。從園北假山后面偶爾會傳出一兩聲慘叫。后來在棲霞山上,葉桃告訴他,那里是黨務調查科,是葉啟年參與搭建、充斥著陰謀和殺戮的世界。
直到最后那個月,他才知道她究竟在做什么工作,雖然他早些時候就猜到了一些,F(xiàn)在想來,說不定她一直都在暗示他:她真正在做的是一些秘密工作,這些工作對她意義重大。而他心里很明白,她所做的那些事情,很可能是去破壞她父親的工作。但在讓他知道真相前,她就為他指明了方向,讓他了解了一個人應該投身于什么樣的事業(yè),才會讓人生變得更有意義。
她從來沒有真正離開過他。即便去了南京,她也每隔幾天就給他寫信,這些信件延續(xù)了先前的思想碰撞,F(xiàn)在他才理解,寫那些信她多少冒了一點風險,幸虧她在瞻園上班,有辦法不讓這些信落到郵電檢查人員手中。她還托人給他捎書和雜志:《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》《遠方來信》《布爾什維克》,還有她喜歡的涅克拉索夫詩集。
端午節(jié)的前一天,葉桃給石婆婆巷煙紙店打了個電話。那些日子他很少見到葉桃,她好像整天都非常忙碌,就算見到他也很沉默,問多了,她會忽然發(fā)火。在電話里葉桃讓他去瞻園,去之前先到秦淮河邊的城南茶食鋪,幫她買一包閩南橘紅糕。葉桃一直喜歡吃零食,在上海時他就常幫她跑腿,到了南京,她的很多舊習慣都消失了,但喜歡吃零食這一樣依然如故。除了這家的橘紅糕和酥糖,她還喜歡一個挑擔小販的桂花糖芋苗,總是在瞻園門口那一帶叫賣。
他買了橘紅糕,卻在瞻園門口被人攔住了。幾個月來,南前北后兩道門,幾班門房都認識他了,見他進門,連忙打電話到機要室找葉干事。葉桃告訴門房,今天她不能離開保密區(qū)域,叫門房登記一下,讓陳千里自己進去。
陳千里在機要室那一排平房里見到了葉桃。她吃了一粒橘紅糕,說,今天這個橘紅糕怎么那么干?這放了多久呀?生氣地扔到一邊,冷冷地半天不理他,機要室里另外兩個女人同情地朝他微笑。過了一陣,葉桃又叫他:“幫我到門口買碗桂花糖芋苗!
剛剛進來時陳千里并沒有看見瞻園門口有挑擔叫賣的小販。但他沒說什么,每次葉桃讓他到門口買桂花糖芋苗,那個小販總會出現(xiàn)在那里。
“如果沒看見,你就往前跑到馬府街,他一般就在這幾個地方!
他提著保溫筒出來,門房朝他笑。出了瞻園,果然看見擔子在那里。小販揭開蓋子擱在一邊,從大鍋里舀了幾勺紅艷艷、香噴噴的芋羹,裝進提筒,往里撒了點桂花末子,又拿起抹布擦了擦蓋子,蓋上,收錢。陳千里把糖芋苗拿進機要室,葉桃喝了一口,這才露出滿意的笑容。
幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報。他在不知不覺中把情報送了出去。葉啟年在廣州破獲了共產(chǎn)黨地下組織,逮捕了廣東的負責人歐陽民。由于情報送出及時,與歐陽民有聯(lián)系的上級黨組織全都撤離了。
他知道這情況時,葉桃已身負重傷。犧牲前,她告訴陳千里自己是共產(chǎn)黨員,從前沒有告訴他,是因為她受黨組織派遣潛伏在國民黨黨務調查科,必須保守秘密,但現(xiàn)在她可以說了。她說她一直打算發(fā)展他入黨,黨組織也認為經(jīng)過了一段時間的考驗,已經(jīng)可以接受陳千里入黨,可她現(xiàn)在沒有時間了,她希望他將來能成為一個堅定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。
。ㄓ袆h改)
6. 下列對文本相關內(nèi)容的理解,正確的一項是( )
A. “他看見兩個她,一個在面前,一個在鏡子里”,說明葉桃的性格活潑多變,讓年輕的陳千里琢磨不透。
B. 葉桃喜歡城南茶食鋪的橘紅糕和酥糖,以及挑擔小販的桂花糖芋苗,表明她很適應南京休閑的日常生活。
C. 端午節(jié)的前一天,葉桃把陳千里買的橘紅糕扔到一邊,半天不理他,反映出她斗爭經(jīng)驗不足,關鍵時刻不能很好地控制情緒。
D. “現(xiàn)在她可以說了”而“從前沒有告訴他”,表明葉桃與戀人相處時也嚴格遵守地下工作的保密紀律。
7. 下列對文本藝術特色的分析鑒賞,不正確的一項是( )
A. 寫葉桃和陳千里在梅花山背誦詩句,既表現(xiàn)出兩人的精神風采,也點出時代氛圍。
B. 選擇壯漢、狼狗、秘密文件、警示牌、慘叫等來寫瞻園,凸顯其陰森殘酷。
C. 描寫機要室另兩個女人微笑以及門房笑的細節(jié),用以反襯一種緊張詭異的氣氛。
D. 文本記敘葉桃和陳千里在上海與南京的經(jīng)歷,將個人愛情與革命斗爭交融在一起。
8. 文中畫線處說“在他們兩個人當中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個”,又說“她從來沒有真正離開過他”,請談談你的理解。
9. 文本中頻頻出現(xiàn)“一年以后”“現(xiàn)在想來”“他知道這情況時”之類標示時間線索的語句,產(chǎn)生了怎樣的敘述效果?請簡要分析。
【答案】6. D 7. C
8. ①兩人日常交往中,葉桃總是先離開,但依然通過多種方式和陳千里保持聯(lián)系;
、谌~桃思想上更早覺悟,先于陳千里參加革命,又引導他走上革命道路;
③雖然葉桃后來在斗爭中犧牲,但她永遠活在陳千里心中,她的革命精神為陳千里所繼承。
9. ①整體上回溯性地講述故事,本身具有一種歷史縱深感;
、诰唧w事件的敘述基本按照時間順序交代,情節(jié)脈絡清楚;
、壅宫F(xiàn)出人物的成長歷程,使人物形象更豐滿;
④通過敘述時間的跳躍,過去與現(xiàn)在、回憶與現(xiàn)實相交織,將謎團逐一解開,行文跌宕起伏。
【解析】
【6題詳解】
本題考查學生理解文章內(nèi)容,篩選并概括文中信息的能力。
A.“說明葉桃的性格活潑多變”分析錯誤,根據(jù)原文第三段內(nèi)容可知,此處是說明陳千里感到葉桃的工作重要并且神秘。
B.“表明她很適應南京休閑的日常生活”分析錯誤,根據(jù)原文“幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報。他在不知不覺中把情報送了出去”可知,葉桃喜歡城南茶食鋪的橘紅糕和酥糖,以及挑擔小販的桂花糖芋苗,是為了給黨組織送情報。
C.“反映出她斗爭經(jīng)驗不足,關鍵時刻不能很好地控制情緒”分析錯誤,根據(jù)原文“他提著保溫筒出來”“保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報。他在不知不覺中把情報送了出去”可知,葉桃把陳千里買的橘紅糕扔到一邊,半天不理他,是想辦法讓陳千里把緊急情報送出去,及時交給黨組織。
故選D。
【7題詳解】
本題考查學生對文本藝術特色的分析鑒賞的能力。
C.“用以反襯一種緊張詭異的氣氛”分析錯誤,根據(jù)原文“機要室里另外兩個女人同情地朝他微笑”“他提著保溫筒出來,門房朝他笑”可知,機要室另兩個女人微笑以及門房的笑容并沒有反襯緊張詭異的氣氛,反而是表現(xiàn)了一種日常的、相對輕松的氛圍,與葉桃和陳千里的關系和情感互動有關。
故選C。
【8題詳解】
本題考查學生理解文中重要句子的含意的能力。
①從句子表層意思分析:“他一直都很清楚,在他們兩個人當中,葉桃總是先離去的那一個”說明在葉桃與陳千里兩人的日常交往中,葉桃總是先離開;根據(jù)“即便去了南京,她也每隔幾天就給他寫信”說明“她從來沒有真正離開過他”是指葉桃雖然不在陳千里身邊,但依然通過多種方式和陳千里保持聯(lián)系;
、趶木渥由顚雍x分析:根據(jù)原文“這些信件延續(xù)了先前的思想碰撞,F(xiàn)在他才理解,寫那些信她多少冒了一點風險”可知,“葉桃總是先離去的那一個”是因為葉桃思想上更早覺悟,先于陳千里參加革命,通過文中對葉桃與陳千里交往的描寫,結合原文“幾天后他才知道,保溫筒蓋子下面有一張字條,上面有緊急情報。他在不知不覺中把情報送了出去”可知,“她從來沒有真正離開過他”是指葉桃引導陳千里走上了革命道路;
③從句子情感內(nèi)涵分析:根據(jù)原文最后“她說她一直打算發(fā)展他入黨,黨組織也認為經(jīng)過了一段時間的考驗,已經(jīng)可以接受陳千里入黨,可她現(xiàn)在沒有時間了,她希望他將來能成為一個堅定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士”可知,“葉桃總是先離去的那一個”是指葉桃在斗爭中犧牲,而陳千里繼續(xù)革命;“她從來沒有真正離開過他”是指雖然葉桃后來在斗爭中犧牲,但她永遠活在陳千里心中,她的革命精神為陳千里所繼承,陳千里會向她希望的一樣,成為一個堅定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。
【9題詳解】
本題考查學生理解文中重要語句產(chǎn)生的敘述效果的能力。
、購男≌f內(nèi)容分析:根據(jù)選文“一年以后,陳千里也去了南京”“現(xiàn)在想來,說不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時,葉桃已身負重傷”這些標示時間線索語句,說明小說內(nèi)容是回憶的故事,小說整體上是回溯性地講述故事,本身具有一種歷史縱深感;
、趶那楣(jié)脈絡分析:“一年以后,陳千里也去了南京”“現(xiàn)在想來,說不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時,葉桃已身負重傷”這些標示時間線索的語句,使陳千里去南京,葉桃潛伏在國民黨黨務調查科并保守秘密,幫助黨組織考驗陳千里,陳千里知道事情的真相等具體情節(jié)的敘述基本按照時間順序交代,使文章情節(jié)脈絡清楚明了;
、蹚娜宋镄蜗蠓治觯何闹羞@些標示時間線索的語句,從“過去”到“現(xiàn)在”,通過時空轉換,展現(xiàn)出陳千里這一人物在葉桃的幫助下由疑惑到明白,逐漸成長的漫長歷程,使小說中葉桃這一人物形象更豐滿;
、軓男形奶厣治觯骸耙荒暌院螅惽Ю镆踩チ四暇薄艾F(xiàn)在想來,說不定她一直都在暗示他”“他知道這情況時,葉桃已身負重傷”這些語句敘述時間,由“過去”直接轉到“現(xiàn)在”,具有跳躍性,通過陳千里這一人物的銜接,使小說內(nèi)容將過去與現(xiàn)在、回憶與現(xiàn)實相交織,將葉桃所做的事的謎團逐一解開,這樣的銜接使行文跌宕起伏,更能吸引讀者的閱讀興趣。
二、古代詩文閱讀(35分)
。ㄒ唬┪难晕拈喿x(本題共5小題,20分)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成下面小題。
材料一:
文侯受子夏經(jīng)藝,客段干木①,過其閭,未嘗不軾也。秦嘗欲伐魏,或曰:“魏君賢人是禮國人稱仁上下和合未可圖也!蔽暮钣纱说米u于諸侯。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·魏世家》)
材料二:
上欲廢太子,立戚夫人子趙王如意。呂后恐,乃使建成侯呂澤劫留侯,強要曰:“為我畫計!绷艉钤唬骸邦櫳嫌胁荒苤抡撸煜掠兴娜。今公誠能無愛金玉璧帛,令太子為書,卑辭安車,因使辯士固請,宜來。上知此四人賢,則一助也!睗h十二年,上從擊破布軍歸,疾益甚,愈欲易太子。及燕,置酒,太子侍。四人從太子,年皆八十有余,須眉皓白,衣冠甚偉。上怪之,問曰:“彼何為者?”四人前對,各言名姓。上乃大驚,曰:“吾求公數(shù)歲,公辟逃我,今公何自從吾兒游乎?”四人皆曰:“陛下輕士善罵,臣等義不受辱,故恐而亡匿。竊聞太子為人仁孝,恭敬愛士,天下莫不延頸欲為太子死者,故臣等來耳。”上曰:“煩公幸卒調護太子!彼娜藶閴垡旬,趨去。上起去,罷酒。竟不易太子者,留侯本招此四人之力也。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·留侯世家》)
材料三:
論者或曰:“魏文式段干木之閭,秦兵為之不至,非法度之功。雖全國有益,非所貴也!狈蚍ǘ戎φ,謂何等也?養(yǎng)三軍之士,明賞罰之命,嚴刑峻法,富國強兵,此法度也。六國之亡,皆滅于秦兵。六國之兵非不銳,士眾之力非不勁也,然而至于破亡者,強弱不敵,眾寡不同,雖明法度,其何益哉?使童子變孟賁之意②,孟賁怒之,童子操刃與孟賁戰(zhàn),童子必不勝,力不如也。孟賁怒,而童子修禮盡敬,孟賁不忍犯也。秦之與魏,孟賁之與童子也。夫力少則修德,兵強則奮威。秦以兵強,威無不勝。卻軍還眾,不犯魏境者,賢干木之操,高魏文之禮也。高皇帝議欲廢太子,呂后患之,子房教以敬迎四皓而厚禮之,太子遂安。夫太子敬厚四皓,以消高帝之議,猶魏文式段干木之閭,卻強秦之兵也。
。ü(jié)選自王充《論衡·非韓》)
[注]①段干木:戰(zhàn)國初魏國名士。②孟賁:戰(zhàn)國時勇士。
10. 材料一畫波浪線的部分有三處需要斷句,請用鉛筆將答題卡上相應位置的答案標號涂黑。
魏君賢A人B是禮C國人D稱仁E上下F和G合H未可圖也。
11. 下列對材料中加點的詞語及相關內(nèi)容的解說,不正確的一項是( )
A. 燕,同“宴”,指宴飲,成語有“新婚燕爾”,其中的“燕”字意思與此相同。
B. 怪,以……為怪,意動用法,與《師說》中“不恥相師”的“恥”用法相同。
C. 為壽,向尊長敬酒并祝長壽,《鴻門宴》“沛公奉卮酒為壽”的禮儀與此相同。
D. 式,同“軾”,指扶軾,與《周亞夫軍細柳》“改容式車”的“式”意思相同。
12. 下列對材料有關內(nèi)容的概述,不正確的一項是( )
A. 魏文侯曾經(jīng)師從子夏學習儒家經(jīng)藝,他崇禮敬賢,在諸侯之中享有美譽。每次乘車經(jīng)過名士段干木居住的里巷時,他一定會行禮致意。
B. 漢高祖想廢掉太子,改立趙王如意,呂后為此十分恐慌,派人強行要留侯出主意,留侯認為如請到漢高祖景仰已久的四位賢人,將會對太子有利。
C. 四位賢人表示太子仁孝愛士,漢高祖打消了廢太子念頭,希望他們好好輔助太子;四人本是留侯親自招來的,這也是沒有另立太子的一個因素。
D. 王充認為,假如有兒童持刀與孟賁相斗,兒童肯定不能取勝;如果兒童對孟賁恭敬有加,孟賁就不忍心傷害,魏國與秦國的情況正與此相類似。
13. 把材料中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。
(1)吾求公數(shù)歲,公辟逃我,今公何自從吾兒游乎?
。2)卻軍還眾,不犯魏境者,賢干木之操,高魏文之禮也。
14. 王充認為,“太子敬厚四皓,以消高帝之議”猶如“魏文式段干木之閭,卻強秦之兵”,請根據(jù)材料分析二者的相似之處。
【答案】10. CEH
11. A 12. C
13. (1)我訪求先生們好幾年了,先生們都逃避我,現(xiàn)在先生們?yōu)楹巫栽父S我兒交游呢?
。2)撤回軍隊,不去侵犯魏國領土,是因為秦軍尊重段干木操行賢良,推崇魏文侯的禮義。
14. 敬賢禮士:太子敬重四皓,魏文侯禮敬段干木,都是通過尊重賢士來贏得他們的支持。
化解危機:太子通過敬重四皓,化解了漢高祖廢太子的危機;魏文侯通過禮敬段干木,使得秦國不敢輕易進攻魏國。
德行感化:太子和魏文侯都通過自己的德行感化了賢士,使得他們愿意為其效力,從而達到了保全自己的目的。
【解析】
【10題詳解】
本題考查學生文言文斷句的能力。
句意:魏君對賢人特別敬重,魏國人都稱贊他的仁德,上下和諧同心,不能謀取。
“賢人是禮”是賓語前置句,意思是“禮賢人”,做“魏君”的謂語和賓語,在后面C處斷開。
“國人稱仁”是主謂賓結構,在后面的E處斷開。
“上下和合”是主謂結構,在后面的H處斷開。
故選CEH。
【11題詳解】
本題考查學生理解和掌握文言文一詞多義現(xiàn)象、詞類活用現(xiàn)象和古代文化常識的能力。
A.錯誤。同“宴”,宴飲/同“宴”,安樂,歡樂。句意:等到安閑的時候,設置酒宴。/棄婦訴說原夫再娶與新歡作樂,后反其意,用作慶賀新婚之辭。形容新婚時的歡樂。
B.正確。怪,以……為怪,意動用法/恥,以……為恥,意動用法。句意:皇上感到奇怪。/不以互相學習為恥。
C.正確。向尊長敬酒并祝長壽。句意:四個人敬酒祝福已畢。/劉邦獻上一杯酒向項伯祝酒。
D.正確。同“軾”,車前橫木。此用為動詞,古人立而乘車,低頭扶軾以表敬意的禮節(jié)。句意:魏文侯從段干木居住的里巷經(jīng)過,手扶車軾表示敬意。/表情嚴肅起來,扶著車前橫木俯下身子,表示敬意。
故選A。
【12題詳解】
本題考查學生對文章內(nèi)容的理解和分析的能力。
C.“留侯親自招來的”錯誤,“留侯本招此四人之力也”是說這四個人原本是留侯推薦,呂后“令太子為書,卑辭安車,因使辯士固請”,最終招致而來的,不是“留侯親自招來的”。
故選C。
【13題詳解】
本題考查學生理解和翻譯文言文句子的能力。
(1)“辟”,通“避”,逃避,躲避;“自”,自愿;“游”,交游。
。2)“……者,……也”,……的原因是……,……是因為;“賢”,以……為賢;“高”,形容詞做動詞,推崇。
【14題詳解】
本題考查學生篩選信息和概括分析、比較材料的能力。
王充的觀點從行動、效果、策略上點明了二者的相似之處。
從行動上看,“太子敬厚四皓”,材料二指出“太子為書,卑辭安車,因使辯士固請”,四皓是當時著名隱士;“魏文式段干木之閭”,材料一指出“文侯受子夏經(jīng)藝,客段干木,過其閭,未嘗不軾也”,子夏是“孔門十哲”之一!疤印薄拔暮睢倍级Y敬賢士。
從效果上看,“以消高帝之議”,材料二指出“上欲廢太子……上曰:‘煩公幸卒調護太子!共灰滋印;“卻強秦之兵”,材料一指出“秦嘗欲伐魏,或曰:‘魏君賢人是禮,國人稱仁,上下和合,未可圖也’”,材料三補充說明“秦兵為之不至”。二人都巧妙化解了危機。
從策略上看,王充認為“強弱不敵,眾寡不同”“力少則修德”!耙跃从酿┒穸Y之,太子遂安”“消高帝之議”和“魏文式段干木之閭,卻強秦之兵”都是采用了“修德”的策略,達到了保全自己的目的。
參考譯文:
材料一:
文侯師從子夏學經(jīng)書,以客禮對待段干木,經(jīng)過他的鄉(xiāng)里,沒有一次不憑軾敬禮的。秦國曾想進攻魏國。有人說:“魏君對賢人特別敬重,魏國人都稱贊他的仁德,上下和諧同心,不能謀取!蔽暮钜虼说玫街T侯的贊譽。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·魏世家》)
材料二:
皇上想廢掉太子,立戚夫人生的兒子趙王如意。呂后很害怕,就派建成侯呂澤脅迫留侯,竭力要挾說:“一定得給我出個主意!绷艉钫f:“回想皇上不能招致而來的,天下有四個人,F(xiàn)在您果真能不惜金玉璧帛,讓太子寫一封信,言辭謙恭,駕著(用四匹馬拉的)安車,趁機派能言善辯之士懇切地聘請,他們應當會來;噬现肋@四個人賢能,那么這對太子是一大幫助。”漢十二年,皇上隨著擊敗黥布的軍隊回來,病勢更加沉重,愈發(fā)想更換太子。等到宴飲的時候,設置酒宴,太子在旁侍奉。那四人跟著太子,他們的年齡都已八十多歲,須眉潔白,衣冠非常奇特;噬细械狡婀,問道:“他們是干什么的?”四個人上前對答,各自說出姓名。皇上于是大驚說:“我訪求先生們好幾年了,先生們都逃避我,現(xiàn)在先生們?yōu)楹巫栽父S我兒交游呢?”四人都說:“陛下輕慢士人,喜歡罵人,我們講求道義,不愿受辱,所以惶恐地逃跑躲藏起來。我們私下聞知太子為人仁義孝順,謙恭有禮,喜愛士人,天下人沒有誰不伸長脖子想為太子拼死效力的。因此我們就來了!被噬险f:“煩勞諸位始終如一(善始善終)地好好調教保護太子吧。”四個人敬酒祝福已畢,小步快走離去;噬掀鹕黼x去,一直到酒宴結束,皇上最終沒有更換太子,原本是留侯招致這四個人發(fā)生了效力。
。ü(jié)選自《史記·留侯世家》)
材料三:
議論者中有人說:“魏文侯從段干木居住的里巷經(jīng)過,手扶車軾表示敬意,秦軍因此不去攻打魏國,并不是法制的功效。雖然在保全國家方面有好處,也不值得重視。”那么,法制的功能,指的是什么呢?養(yǎng)活三軍士兵,明確賞罰法令,嚴厲刑法,富國強兵,這就是法制。六國滅亡,都滅亡在秦國的軍隊。六國的軍隊并非不精銳,士兵的力量也并非不強,然而甚至于被打敗滅亡,這是因為強弱不相當,多少不一樣,即使明確了法制,那又有什么益處呢?假使小孩違背了大力士孟賁的心意,孟賁發(fā)怒,小孩持刀跟孟賁對打,小孩肯定不能取勝,因為力量遠遠不如孟賁。要是孟賁發(fā)怒,而小孩講究禮節(jié),對他非常恭敬,孟賁才會不忍加害。秦國與魏國,就像孟賁與小孩一樣。力量弱小就該修養(yǎng)德行,軍隊強大就該發(fā)揚威力。秦國憑借軍隊強大,威力無窮戰(zhàn)無不勝。撤回軍隊,不去侵犯魏國領土,是因為秦軍尊重段干木操行賢良,推崇魏文侯的禮義。漢高皇帝主張想廢掉太子劉盈,呂后很擔憂,張子房(張良)教太子用謙恭的態(tài)度去迎請四皓,并豐厚地禮遇他們。太子的地位安穩(wěn)了太子敬重厚待四皓,來消除了高皇帝廢掉太子的想法,就像魏文侯到里巷對段干木表示敬意,退掉了強大的秦軍一樣。
。ü(jié)選自王充《論衡·非韓》)
(二)古代詩歌閱讀(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面這首宋詩,完成下面小題。
雨后為山亭獨臥
葉夢得①
過雨虛檐氣稍清,臥聞刁斗起連營。
幾看薄月當軒過,驚見陰蟲繞砌鳴②。
洶洶南江浮靜夜,寥寥北斗掛高城。
白頭心事今如許,慚愧兒童話請纓。
[注]①葉夢得:南宋文學家,曾致力于抗金防備及軍餉勤務。②陰蟲:秋蟲,如蟋蟀之類。
15. 下列對這首詩的理解和賞析,不正確的一項是( )
A. 雨后空氣清新,為山亭的夜晚涼爽宜人,然而詩人的心情卻難以平靜。
B. 本詩第二句與辛棄疾《破陣子》中的“夢回吹角連營”一句立意相似。
C. 詩人憑軒望月,浮想聯(lián)翩,而階前突然傳出的蟲鳴聲驚擾了他的思緒。
D. 頸聯(lián)通過江水、星空等物象營造出了一個天高地迥、蒼茫寂寥的境界。
16. 如何理解詩人的“白頭心事”?請結合詩歌內(nèi)容簡要分析。
【答案】15. C 16. ①首聯(lián)寫詩人獨臥為山亭,似乎聽到連營中的刁斗聲,表達了他渴望像年輕時一樣充滿豪情壯志、為國征戰(zhàn)效力;②頷聯(lián)和頸聯(lián)寫詩人夜不能寐,只能看薄月過軒、高掛城頭、南江夜靜,聽陰蟲鳴砌。詩人已白發(fā)蒼蒼,英雄老去,不得重用,再難建功立業(yè),詩人心中充滿無奈、憤懣。③尾聯(lián)運用終軍請纓的典故,將自己與“兒童”對比,“慚愧”一詞暗將矛頭指向南宋統(tǒng)治者,表達了對南宋朝廷茍且偷安、不思收復國土的不滿。
【解析】
【15題詳解】
本題考查學生分析理解詩歌內(nèi)容的能力。
C.“階前突然傳出的蟲鳴聲驚擾了他的思緒”錯,“驚見陰蟲繞砌鳴”的“驚”并非蟲鳴驚擾了詩人思緒,而是與“幾看薄月當軒過”的“幾看”相對,是暗暗心驚于時光飛逝,年華空老。
故選C。
【16題詳解】
本題考查學生理解詩歌內(nèi)容,鑒賞詩歌情感的能力。
詩歌前三聯(lián)描寫詩人雨后獨臥為山亭看到的景象,聽到的聲音以及詩人內(nèi)心的感受。
首聯(lián)寫雨過天晴,空氣清新,詩人臥在為山亭中,耳中似乎傳來軍營中的刁斗之聲。“刁斗”,古代軍隊中用的一種器具,銅質,有柄,能容一斗。軍中白天可供一人燒飯,夜間敲擊以巡更。其實詩人獨臥為山亭,是不可能聽到刁斗聲的,詩人的錯覺恰恰反映出他心中放不下軍營,渴望像年輕時一樣充滿豪情壯志,在軍營征戰(zhàn),為國效力;
頷聯(lián)和頸聯(lián)寫多次看到薄月過軒,心驚于又一次陰蟲砌鳴,洶涌的南江在夜色中靜靜浮動,孤寂的北斗星獨自高掛城頭。貌似寧靜的夜晚,詩人無法成眠,一個人靜靜地看著、聽著,等待天明,恰恰反映出詩人因不得重用、年華空老而夜不能寐,心事重重。
尾聯(lián)則直接點明“白發(fā)心事”是“慚愧”,慚愧的內(nèi)容是“兒童話請纓”。此句運用終軍請纓的典故,將自己與“兒童”對比,“兒童”尚且“話請纓”,想要為國效力,而詩人卻只能獨臥為山亭。這“慚愧”的背后,是詩人渴望為國效力卻不得的無奈、憤懣,是對南宋朝廷茍且偷安、不思收復國土的不滿,也有英雄老去的無奈。
(三)名篇名句默寫(本題共1小題,6分)
17. 補寫出下列句子中的空缺部分。
。1)同學們到郊外春游,陽光下樹木蔥郁,水流淙淙,小慧不禁想起了陶淵明《歸去來兮辭》中的文句:“_________________,_________________。”
。2)快過年了,于老師牽掛在成都旅行的女兒,給她發(fā)短信息時用了李白《蜀道難》中的詩句“_________________,_________________”,希望她不要貪玩,早點兒回家。
。3)古代詩人在寫離情時,經(jīng)常在詩的上下兩句中分別表達離別雙方的情思,如唐詩“________________,_________________”就是如此。
【答案】 ①. 木欣欣以向榮 ②. 泉涓涓而始流 ③. 錦城雖云樂 ④. 不如早還家 ⑤. 洛陽親友如相問 ⑥. 一片冰心在玉壺(誰家今夜扁舟子 何處相思明月樓)
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學生準確默寫常見的名篇名句的能力。
易錯字詞有:欣、涓、錦、扁。
三、語言文字運用(20分)
。ㄒ唬┱Z言文字運用I(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
看云似乎是很多北京人的日常,自到了北京,我也入鄉(xiāng)隨了俗,經(jīng)?雌鹪苼。那天是周六,我和幾個朋友在一家書店閑聊,因為一直留意著窗外的云,聊天時我有些心不在焉。書店是整幅的玻璃幕墻,大大小小的云在窗框里,如畫一般,還帶有特別隨意任性的毛邊兒。帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒的大塊云和帶著細絲一樣的小毛邊兒的小塊云都主打一個飄逸輕盈。哪怕再高妙的丹青手,也畫不出來那個勁兒,實在是美翻了。
云這么好看,卻也不妨礙它下雨。那天,我們在宋莊的街道上閑逛,走著走著雨就來了。雨來了,云還在,太陽也還在。這就是名副其實的太陽雨了吧?淋著這雨,我們都沒有打傘。打傘會覺得辜負了這云的,也會辜負這雨,不是嗎?
18. 文中畫線處是個長句,請改成幾個較短的語句,可以改變語序,少量增刪詞語,但不得改變原意。
19. 文章結尾處的“不是嗎?”是個問句,卻并不表疑問,它起到了什么作用?
【答案】18. 大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒,小塊云帶著細絲一樣的小毛邊兒,它們都主打一個飄逸輕盈。
19. 本句是無疑而問的反問句,故意設問是為了引起讀者思考,增強情感力度,強調作者和朋友們不打傘在雨中淋著而行的愜意美好,表達對北京的云和太陽雨的喜愛和享受。
【解析】
【18題詳解】
本題考查學生語言表達之句式變換的能力。
長句變短句的一般步驟為:提取主干;切分修飾成分,轉換成主謂句子;根據(jù)句子與句子間的邏輯關系調整語序。
第一步,提取原句的主謂賓:大塊云和小塊云都主打一個飄逸輕盈。
第二步,將定語轉換成主謂句:將定語“帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒的大塊云”變成主謂句“大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒”;將定語“帶著細絲一樣的小毛邊兒的小塊云” 變成主謂句“小塊云帶著細絲一樣的小毛邊兒”,去掉連詞“和”。
第三步,按照邏輯關系調整語序:先分別敘述“大塊云”“小塊云”的特征,然后對它們的共同特征進行總結,故答案為:大塊云帶著流蘇一樣的大毛邊兒,小塊云帶著細絲一樣的小毛邊兒,它們都主打一個飄逸輕盈。
【19題詳解】
本題考查學生語言表達之賞析標點符號用法,賞析句子表達效果的能力。
問句可以分為疑問句、設問句、反問句。其中是問句卻不表示疑問的是反問句,“不是嗎”屬于反問句,無疑而問,用問句是為了加強語氣和語勢,使表達意思更肯定,引導讀者思考和想象!安皇菃帷笔菍ι衔淖髡吲c朋友在街道上閑逛,恰好遇上了太陽雨,便淋雨而行這一行為的肯定和強調,表達作者對太陽雨的喜愛,對淋雨而行的喜歡和享受。
。ǘ┱Z言文字運用Ⅱ(本題共3小題,11分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
眾所周知,運動可以幫助放松肌肉、減輕身體緊張感、改善血液循環(huán),讓我們身體更健康,但是,可能很多人都不知道,運動更是讓我們心情愉悅、大腦強健的“靈丹妙藥”。多年以前,運動就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,療效不但立竿見影,令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
喜歡運動,經(jīng)常運動的人,相信都體驗過“跑者欣快”,即連續(xù)高強度運動一段時間后, ① ,但心情很好,有一種酣暢淋漓的感覺,這是因為,運動可以促使大腦分泌許多與愉悅感相關的“快樂物質”,如多巴胺、內(nèi)啡肽等。而運動后的大腦,還會分泌一種名叫腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子的蛋白質,有助于強健大腦。因此,運動不僅會讓你輕松快樂,還會讓你頭腦更清晰,更有活力。當然,不是每個人 ② ,但即使做一些輕微運動,也是有助于身心健康的。
20. 文中畫波浪線的句子有語病。請進行修改,使語言表達準確流暢,邏輯嚴密,可少量增刪詞語,不得改變原意。
21. 請在文中橫線處補寫恰當?shù)恼Z句,使整段文字語意完整連貫,內(nèi)容貼切,邏輯嚴密,每處不超過10個字。
22. 下列句子中的“相信”與文中加點的“相信”,意義和用法相同的一項是( )
A. 身處困境他卻并不消沉,相信自己能拼出一個光明的未來。
B. 我滿心歡喜地迎接他回來,相信現(xiàn)在的他一定和從前不同。
C. 看到氣勢磅礴的壺口瀑布,相信每一位游客都會激動不已。
D. 翠翠還是不離開碼頭,相信祖父會來找她,同她一起回家。
【答案】20. 多年以前,運動就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,不但療效立竿見影、令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
21. ①雖然身體很累(雖然身體很疲憊);②都能高強度運動。
22. C
【解析】
【20題詳解】
本題考查學生辨析并修改病句的能力。
原文“療效不但立竿見影,令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣”中,關聯(lián)詞“不但”語序不當。根據(jù)原文,這句話的“療效”是“立竿見影,令人信服”的主語,但不是“適用范圍很廣”的主語。兩個分句主語不同,關聯(lián)詞應該放到前句開頭。用“不但……而且……”連接,邏輯合理,分別說明了運動治療的效果和適用范圍方面的特點。所以正確的句子應為:多年以前,運動就已被列入情緒障礙的治療方法之一,不但療效立竿見影、令人信服,而且適用范圍很廣。
【21題詳解】
本題考查學生語言表達之情境補寫的能力。
①處,后句“但心情很好”,與①處形成轉折關系,該處應使用一個表示轉折的關聯(lián)詞,如“雖然”;前句提到“連續(xù)高強度運動一段時間后”,可推知該空應該銜接上句,可填“雖然身體很累”,或“雖然身體很疲憊”。
、谔帲缶洹暗词棺鲆恍┹p微運動”,與②處形成轉折關系,該空應該填寫與“輕微運動”相對的內(nèi)容,本段語境強調的是“連續(xù)高強度運動”對人身體的益處,所以該空可填:都能高強度運動。
【22題詳解】
本題考查學生辨析詞語的語境義的能力。
文中加點的“相信”表示認為某事是真實的、可信的,表達一種推測和信任。
A.“相信”是有信心的意思。
B.“相信”是認為的意思。
C.“相信”也是認為某事是真實的、可信的,與文中的“相信”意義和用法相同。
D.“相信”是期望、盼望意思。
故選C。
四、寫作(60分)
23. 閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)要求寫作。
本試卷現(xiàn)代文閱讀I提到,長久以來,人們只能看到月球固定朝向地球的一面,“嫦娥四號”探月任務揭開了月背的神秘面紗;隨著“天問一號”飛離地球,航天人的目光又投向遙遠的深空……
正如人類的太空之旅,我們每個人也都在不斷抵達未知之境。
這引發(fā)了你怎樣的聯(lián)想與思考?請寫一篇文章。
要求:選準角度,確定立意,明確文體,自擬標題;不要套作,不得抄襲;不得泄露個人信息;不少于800字。
【答案】例文:
肩負人生使命 抵達未知之境
上古神話里,炎黃子孫渴望御龍乘鶴、摘星攬月,對燦爛星河充滿向往;當代太空之旅中,航天英雄沖破云霄,直上九天,將目光投向更遙遠的深空。一代又一代的航天人上下求索,抵達一個個未知之境,吾輩青年也應追風趕浪,探索不息,不斷抵達生命的未知之境。
“生活的全部意義在于無窮地探索尚未知道的東西”,人生使命在于永葆好奇心,永葆求知欲,探查未知之境的秘密。
天馬行空的好奇心,是通向未知之境的燈塔。面對浩瀚無邊的宇宙,先民們早就在好奇心的驅使下萌發(fā)出探索宇宙的念頭,浩如煙海的神話故事中更是不乏“嫦娥奔月”般唯美的遐想。人類邁向星空的腳步更是不曾停歇,從第一顆人造衛(wèi)星升空到阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”,再到“中國天眼”的誕生,我們在好奇心燈塔的指引下,一次又一次地探索更遼闊的世界。探索的樂趣與未知的誘惑,給予了人類不竭的動力,讓我們一步步接近科學和宇宙的奧義,照亮人類文明進步的旅途。
“千淘萬雖辛苦,吹盡狂沙始到金”,人生使命在于腳踏實地,不懈拼搏,讓遙不可及的未來變成踏踏實實的已來。
想要抵達遠方之境,必須心中有信念,腳下有行動,走過千山萬水,還要跋山涉水;跨過雄關險隘,還要闖關奪隘。如袁隆平,頭頂烈日,腳踩爛泥,才終于圓夢禾下乘涼;如樊錦詩,扎根大漠,夢愛遺跡,才取得數(shù)字敦煌的舉世矚目;如張桂梅半生奔波,半生堅守,才實現(xiàn)讓貧困女孩走出大山的夢想!俺晒Φ幕,人們只驚慕它現(xiàn)時的明艷,孰不知當初她的芽兒滲透了奮斗的淚泉,灑遍了犧牲的血雨”,冰心說如是。抵達遠方不是掛在嘴邊,喊喊口號,這山望著那山高,而是要把它轉化為內(nèi)生動力和實際行動,日日夜夜的奮斗、持續(xù)不斷的探索,才能一步一步抵達未知之境。
“路漫漫其修遠兮,吾將上下而求索”,人生使命在于不滿當下,探索不止,奔赴下一個大海星辰。
抵達之境是上一次探索的終點,也是下一次探索的起點,人類無時無刻不在對生命進行追問與探索,這種前赴后繼的研究與追尋帶領我們從這個已知之境奔赴向下一個未知之境。從第一次工業(yè)革命的蒸汽時代到第三次工業(yè)革命的航天時代,從活字印刷術的派生到如今快速便捷的互聯(lián)網(wǎng),從物種起源到克隆技術的發(fā)展,從掃地機器人到ChatGPT ……踔厲向前,篤行不怠,才能看得見一路的彧彧花繁,才能抵達下一個未知的美好之境。
新世紀的鐘聲已經(jīng)敲響,讓好奇之心點燃求知的熱情,讓探索的足跡化合成創(chuàng)造的交響樂,讓永不停歇的腳步帶領我們抵達一個又一個充滿吸引的未知之境……
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學生的寫作能力
審題:
這是一道引語類材料作文題。
作文材料關聯(lián)本試卷現(xiàn)代文閱讀I,以材料三為主,兼及材料二,并以“太空之旅”一詞照應材料一,展現(xiàn)出人類的月球探索歷程。
作文材料最后一句“正如人類的太空之旅,我們每個人也都在不斷抵達未知之境”,將偉大的人類探索之旅拉回到考生的現(xiàn)實生活場景,其中的關鍵短語是“抵達未知之境”,既包含了“抵達未知之境”之前的探索進程,充滿艱辛,飽含期待;也蘊含著“抵達未知之境”之后永不止步的愿望,充滿信心,渴望再度踏上征程?忌⒁庾魑模荒苤共接趯Α昂教炀瘛钡闹幐,而要回到“我們每個人”這一語境,使“抵達未知之境”的太空之旅與青少年的成長發(fā)展之間構成一種新的觀照維度。成長過程中的艱辛與喜悅、新的人生起點的憧憬與期盼,都是考生展開聯(lián)想與思考的著力點。
材料中的“未知”也是一個值得思考的話題!拔粗北澈蟮摹安淮_定性”,讓探索變得迷人,而好奇心在驅遣我們?nèi)ハ胂螅苿游覀內(nèi)ニ伎,由此考生可以生發(fā)出深邃的議論與獨到的觀點?梢試@“探索未知”、“勇于挑戰(zhàn)”和“不斷成長”等主題展開,探討個體在面對未知時應有的態(tài)度、行動和收獲。
如果能以日常學習生活的成長進步為切入點,寫出生動形象、感情真摯的記敘文,寫出學習生活中無處不在的“探究精神”,都是符合作文命題指向的。
行文構思上,先概括材料,由材料引出觀點,如:探索未知之境,收獲生命厚重。接下來從怎么辦的角度展開論述,一、需要有探索未知的勇氣,勇敢邁出第一步;二、需要有堅持不懈的奮斗,一步一步向未知靠近;三、需要有永不滿足的心態(tài),向下一個未知之境進發(fā)。最后總結觀點,生命因探索而變得厚重,我們只有在探索未知的道路上不斷前行,才能抵達更遠的地方。
立意:
1.探索未知之境,成就無限可能。
2.我以探索之心,追逐未知之境。
3.勇于挑戰(zhàn),不斷成長,抵達未知。
4.始于好奇,續(xù)于探索,成于新境。
2024年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(全國甲卷)
語 文
使用地區(qū):四川、寧夏、內(nèi)蒙古、青海、陜西
本試卷滿分150分,考試時間150分鐘。
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(36分)
(二)實用類文本閱讀(本題共3小題,12分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
“偷梁換柱”多指以假代真,用欺騙的手段改變事物的性質,然而在古建筑工程領域,“偷梁換柱”卻屬于一種科學實用的修繕加固方法。
梁是截面形狀一般為長方形的木料,且木料的長度尺寸遠大于截面尺寸。梁為水平放置,兩端的底部有支撐構件。梁主要用于承擔建筑上部構件及屋頂?shù)娜恐亓,并把這些重量向下傳給支撐構件。柱為梁的支撐構件。柱子截面形狀一般為圓形,長度尺寸遠大于截面直徑。柱子為豎向放置,主要用于承擔上部梁傳來的重量,并向下傳遞給下部的梁或直接傳至地面。梁與柱采用榫卯形式連接,形成穩(wěn)固的大木結構體系。位于屋架內(nèi)的若干梁在豎向被層層往上“抬”,上下梁之間由短柱支撐,底部的梁由立于地面的立柱支撐。梁、柱均為中國木結構古建筑的核心受力、傳力構件,缺一不可。
對于古建筑而言,立于地面的立柱,或因長期承受上部結構傳來的重量而產(chǎn)生開裂殘損,或因柱底部位長期受到地面潮氣影響而出現(xiàn)糟朽殘損,這導致木柱強度下降,無法正常支撐梁。此時可采用“偷梁換柱”的加固方法!巴盗簱Q柱”實際就是“托梁換柱”。其基本做法為:首先將“假柱”(即臨時的豎向支撐構件)安裝在梁底部、原柱(原有立柱)旁邊;再抽去原柱,使梁傳來的重量暫時由“假柱”承擔;然后安裝新柱,新柱的材料、尺寸及安裝位置與原有立柱相同;最后將“假柱”移去。
完善的“偷梁換柱”加固方法具有科學性,其原理主要包括三個方面:其一,從梁的角度而言,它是水平受力構件,并把外力向下傳給立柱。梁只有保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),才能保證整個大木結構的穩(wěn)定。在加固古建筑的過程中,梁始終受到支托,因而能一直保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。其二,從柱的角度而言,它是豎向支撐構件,并最終把上部構件的重量傳給地基。只有立柱具有充足的承載力,且與梁有可靠連接時,才能有效承擔梁傳來的作用力。加固過程中,技術人員雖然將原柱抽去,但是預先將“假柱”設置于原柱附近,讓“假柱”代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用,因而換柱過程對結構整體的穩(wěn)定基本無影響。換柱完成后,新柱與原柱有著同樣的材料、尺寸,且與梁有著相同的可靠連接方式,它完全能夠代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用。其三,從梁、柱整體結構角度而言,“偷梁換柱”方法對整體結構干擾小,且能達到良好的加固效果:原柱被新柱原位替換,新柱不僅有很好的支撐作用,而且與梁仍有可靠連接;“假柱”僅用于加固過程的臨時支撐,且在原柱撤去后新柱安裝前,能夠與梁臨時組成穩(wěn)定的結構體系。因此,在“偷梁換柱”過程中,梁、柱結構整體始終處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。
中國古建筑大木構架剖面示意圖
。ㄕ幾灾芮豆蕦m建筑細探》)
4. 下列對原文相關內(nèi)容的理解和分析,不正確的一項是( )
A. “偷梁換柱”這一成語在現(xiàn)今的使用中多含有貶義的色彩,但在古建筑工程領域,它是指一種修繕加固的科學方法,完全沒有貶義。
B. 中國古建筑大木構架剖面示意圖展示了幾種不同位置、不同尺寸的柱,這些柱子中,立于地面的立柱比較容易發(fā)生糟朽殘損的情況。
C. 結合圖文可以發(fā)現(xiàn),屋頂?shù)闹亓坑缮蠈又袚,然后傳給梁,再由梁傳遞給其下的短柱,依次向下傳遞,最終由底部的立柱傳至地面。
D. “偷梁換柱”的加固方法包括托梁、抽柱、換柱等步驟,在每一個步驟中梁一直會得到很好的支撐,從而始終能夠保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。
5. 請根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,在下面文段的橫線處補寫出恰當?shù)脑~語。
工程實例:故宮太和殿是我國最大的木構大殿,明清兩代帝王即位或節(jié)日慶典都在此舉行。2004年,技術人員在對太和殿進行勘查時,發(fā)現(xiàn)有一根立柱下部三分之一的位置出現(xiàn)了嚴重糟朽,于是采取了“偷梁換柱”的方法對該立柱進行加固。具體過程如下:先使用“假柱”托住原柱上部的梁!凹僦睘橥旰玫哪玖希话惭b在_________附近,用于臨時支撐梁。再把柱子底部糟朽部分抽去,以便用_________代替。原柱糟朽部分去掉后,剩余的部分做成巴掌形,與新柱搭接。新柱與被抽去的糟朽部分同材料、同形狀、同尺寸,且頂部亦做成巴掌榫形狀。最后再把_________拆除,即完成了原有立柱的加固。
6. 清代的古籍中有另一種“偷梁換柱”的記載:當某根立柱損壞需要更換時,為節(jié)省工料,工匠只是在原柱旁邊設一根新柱,再撤去原柱。為什么第2題“工程實例”中,太和殿修繕沒有采用這種更簡便的加固方式呢?請簡要分析。
【答案】4. C 5. ①. 原柱 ②. 新柱 ③. 假柱
6. ①新柱如果沒有原位替換原柱,可能會改變建筑原結構的受力和傳力方式,影響整體的穩(wěn)定性;
②太和殿是中國最大的木構大殿,建造之初工匠們應該經(jīng)過了精心的測量,原位替換才是最佳的解決方案;
③太和殿的修繕加固追求最大程度地保持文物原貌,節(jié)省工料不是優(yōu)先考慮的因素。
【解析】
【4題詳解】
本題考查學生理解、分析文章內(nèi)容和理解圖表的能力。
C.“屋頂重量由上層柱承擔,然后傳給梁”錯誤,原文第二段“梁為水平放置”“梁主要用于承擔建筑上部構件及屋頂?shù)娜恐亓,并把這些重量向下傳給支撐構件”,示意圖中線條指示的橫著的木料是“梁”,它承擔屋頂?shù)娜恐亓。選項受力、傳力分析不對。
故選C。
【5題詳解】
本題考查學生篩選整合信息、根據(jù)文本信息進行判斷推理和情境補寫的能力。
試題以故宮太和殿的修繕工程實例為題面,要求學生在理解“偷梁換柱”全過程,尤其是原柱、“假柱”、新柱三者關系的基礎上,補寫空缺內(nèi)容。
題干中“具體過程如下”可對應材料第三段的“其基本做法為……”。
第①處,“被安裝在……附近”,對應材料的“首先將‘假柱’(即臨時的豎向支撐構件)安裝在梁底部、原柱(原有立柱)旁邊”或第四段“預先將‘假柱’設置于原柱附近”,“附近”與“旁邊”意思相近,故填“原柱”。
第②處,“以便用……代替”,對應“使梁傳來的重量暫時由‘假柱’承擔;然后安裝新柱,新柱的材料、尺寸及安裝位置與原有立柱相同”或第四段“原柱被新柱原位替換”,“假柱”只是代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用,真正用于替換的應該是“新柱”,故填“新柱”。
第③處,“最后再把……拆除”,對應“最后將‘假柱’移去”,“假柱”的引號不能刪除,因為表示特定稱謂,故填“‘假柱’”。
【6題詳解】
本題考查學生篩選并整合信息、根據(jù)文本信息進行判斷推理的能力。
題干中的方法“更簡便”,但是由材料和上一題的信息可知:完善的“偷梁換柱”加固方法具有科學性。
首先,從受力分析角度看,原文第四段從三個角度“從梁的角度而言……保證整個大木結構的穩(wěn)定”“從柱的角度而言……對結構整體的穩(wěn)定基本無影響”“從梁、柱整體結構角度而言……組成穩(wěn)定的結構體系”,進行受力、傳力分析,得出:原位替換可以保證整體的穩(wěn)定性。
其次,從工匠精神的“精益求精”追求看,上一題的材料中指出“故宮太和殿是我國最大的木構大殿,明清兩代帝王即位或節(jié)日慶典都在此舉行”,大殿設計、建造之初,必定組織大量能工巧匠進行了精心的設計、測量等工作,原位替換更符合整體設計,因而是最佳修繕方案。
最后,從修繕原則、文物保護角度看,“修舊如故”,不追求節(jié)省工料,而應盡可能地保持其原有歷史形態(tài)和特征,以尊重和保護其歷史價值和文化意義。上一題的.材料中,在修繕時將“原柱糟朽部分去掉后,剩余的部分做成巴掌形,與新柱搭接。新柱與被抽去的糟朽部分同材料、同形狀、同尺寸,且頂部亦做成巴掌榫形狀”,這樣能夠最大程度地保持文物原貌,
該題不要求學生作答面面俱到,只要回答出兩點即可。如果有其他的答案,言之成理亦可。
(三)文學類文本同讀(本題共3小題,15分)
閱讀下面的文學。完成下面小題。
霜降夜
周蓬樺
白露過后,烏鄉(xiāng)的風里就已平添了寒意。早晨醒來,陽光刺眼,推開柵門,發(fā)現(xiàn)腳下的草葉上布滿晶瑩的霜,薄簿的一層,把路邊的花打蔫,樺樹的枝條似乎蕭條了些許,樹木上的一只只眼睛長出了睫毛,無意間仰頭,但見幾粒寒星正在向山頂以南的方向悄悄隱逝。鎮(zhèn)上某一戶人家屋頂上的煙囪,已經(jīng)開始忙活,突突地冒青煙,煙柱是筆直的,上升到一米多高后遇到了風,才變得凌亂,像一塊被抽斷的絲綢。
有人說,烏鄉(xiāng)的風里,流動著一股特別的味道,也只有親臨現(xiàn)場的人才會知道。這種特別的味道讓人難忘,在鼻間縈繞,以至于割舍不下,成了人們再來烏鄉(xiāng)的理由。
我提著滿滿一大鐵桶草木灰,把它們傾倒在大路邊潮濕的水洼里——這是房東阿姨安排給我的任務。昨天晚上,我約了幾個養(yǎng)桑蠶與種植薰衣草的農(nóng)戶,到院子里攀談,大家吃著草原黃膘烤牛肉,品嘗著新摘的巨峰葡萄,黑色的凍梨,喝著自釀的桑葚酒,交談內(nèi)容涉獵寬泛,沒有明確的主題;緡@農(nóng)事收成,動物保護和挖掘過冬的地窖打轉。當然,我最感興趣的,是他們講述過往親身經(jīng)歷的事件。興許口吻輕描淡寫,但對我十分有用。一些亮點像陣雨打濕心頭,滲入靜夜植物的根須,我急忙拿出記事本,在馬燈的光線下一一做了記錄。牛圈在屋后,小牛犢不時制造一點騷動,從那里飄來絲絲淡淡的尿臊氣,但這并沒影響大家濃厚的談興。葉子稀疏的板栗樹梢上,始終挑著一彎殘月。
聊到10點多鐘時,霜降開始了,夜幕陡然拉向縱深,只聽得周圍的蘆葦稈在瑟瑟作響,白樺樹枝在輕輕蠕動,我身上很快起了一層細小的雞皮疙瘩。這時,善良的房東阿姨送來了羊毛毯和羊毛披肩,以抵抗霜降帶來的微妙變化。
“天要落露了,大伙兒小心著涼!彼f。
阿姨端來一小筐被冰凍過的無花果,果子個頭大,已經(jīng)在冰柜里凍成了一個個小冰球,阿姨從廚房提來了鐵皮桶,點燃了軟草和木柴。很快就將凍漿果烤軟了,冰渣子化成了水,雜糅著果實的汁液。取一個放在嘴里,覺得凍過后的無花果有一股山柿餅的味道。少頃,桌上又擺滿了甜點美食——大列巴面包、哈爾濱紅腸、咖啡、奶茶、干果仁,還有烤得香噴噴的草原紅糖焙子,吃得大家直打飽嗝。
這是一個特別的霜降夜,讓人感覺到生命與節(jié)氣之間發(fā)生了某種密切的聯(lián)系,有很強烈的體驗感,從這個夜晚起始,我正式走進烏鄉(xiāng)人的生活,自此與之呼吸同一種空氣,吃一鍋同樣的黑米烏飯,喝新碾的大碴子粥,我并不覺得我與烏鄉(xiāng)的人和動物有什么不同。我們是對等的。他們在日子艱辛面前所持有的積極態(tài)度,和對幸福目標的追尋姿態(tài),都讓我感同身受,噓唏或喜悅。如果可能,我愿意做烏鄉(xiāng)山野中的一株樹或一片霜凍的葉子。
我還記下了燃燒時呲呲作響的松油燈,燈下的笑臉,火光中明亮的瞳仁,以及整整一個晚上都在談論的接地氣的話題——如何與枯草叢中的野物們一道,度過暴風雪即將來臨的嚴冬,需要糧食、木柴、胡蘿卜和大白菜,需要棉衣棉被,需要一個大火爐。喲,對我這樣長年奔波的外鄉(xiāng)人來說,這是一個多么難忘的夜晚。
早晨的光線重疊移動,越升越高,把山脈的陰影投射到地面上。我手扶柵欄,將空空的鐵皮桶放回到了板栗樹下,卻見房東阿姨的小兒子背了行囊,走下臺階,似乎要離鄉(xiāng)遠行。阿姨從灶間走出來,腰間系著粗布白圍裙。她搓著手,一邊抬手拭淚,臉上難掩擔憂和凄惶的表情。
她的小兒子目光淡定,飛快地走出院落,又回過頭來朝我們揮手笑笑,然后大步踩過路邊的草木灰,在陽光下縮小成一個移動的墨點,在遠山的背景下漸漸消失。返回屋內(nèi),我以樹墩做書案,在稿紙上飛快地記下一句話:“霜降后,一些植物枯萎,一些事物到來,一些人又把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上。”
。ㄓ袆h改)
7. 下列對文本相關內(nèi)容和藝術特色的分析鑒賞,不正確的一項是( )
A. 文章第一段寫烏鄉(xiāng)的清晨,作者感受著風與光,視線從腳下草、身邊樹,推展至天際寒星,再收回到農(nóng)家炊煙,心情和筆觸都從容舒緩。
B. 霜降夜攀談中,作者感覺到“一些亮點像陣雨打濕心頭,滲入靜夜植物的根須”,既實寫外在景致的變動,又虛寫心中靈感的滋生。
C. 霜降夜的柴草烤軟了凍果,次晨草木灰被傾倒在路邊水洼,一個年輕人踩過草木灰離家遠行,這些點滴細節(jié)都帶有烏鄉(xiāng)生活的溫度。
D. 本文不僅記錄了作者本人在烏鄉(xiāng)小住的感受,還提及不少與當?shù)厣钕⑾⑾嚓P的話題,如農(nóng)事收成、動物保護等,側面反映了鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展。
8. 如何理解文章最后作者記下的那句話?
9. 烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜,作者“感覺到生命與節(jié)氣之間發(fā)生了某種密切的聯(lián)系,有很強烈的體驗感”,文章是從哪些方面來抒寫這種體驗感的?請簡要分析。
【答案】7. D 8. ①面對生活的困境,有人經(jīng)不起打擊而敗退,有人則迎難而上,開始了新生;②雖然前行艱難,但也要憑借堅韌和勇氣勇敢踏上征程,尋找屬于自己的新生活;③此句表達了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的所見所感,表達了對生命堅韌精神的深刻理解,對烏鄉(xiāng)人的贊美。
9. ①自然景象的描寫中滲透著獨特的生命感受:文章開頭描寫了烏鄉(xiāng)清晨的霜景,草葉上的霜、蕭條的樺樹、寒星的隱逝、農(nóng)家炊煙等細節(jié),寫出了霜降節(jié)氣中自然的變化;通過寫作者感受到風中對的含義,聞得到風中獨特的味道,寫出了生命的獨特感受。②人與自然的互動:作者與農(nóng)戶們在院子里攀談、品嘗當?shù)厥澄,展示了人與自然的密切聯(lián)系;作者還寫了霜降夜的景物變化與感受到的寒意,寫了房東阿姨送毯子,談論過冬的準備等細節(jié),展現(xiàn)了烏鄉(xiāng)人對節(jié)氣的重視以及應對節(jié)氣的方法,寫出人與節(jié)氣之間密切的關聯(lián)。③情感的共鳴:作者在霜降夜中感受到烏鄉(xiāng)人對生活的積極態(tài)度和對幸福的追求,產(chǎn)生了強烈的情感共鳴。特別是最后看到房東阿姨的小兒子離鄉(xiāng)遠行,作者感受到生命的流動和時間的變遷,進一步深化了對生命與節(jié)氣之間聯(lián)系的體驗。
【解析】
【7題詳解】
本題考查學生對文本藝術特色的分析鑒賞能力。
D.“側面反映了鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展”錯,文章主要記錄了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)的感受和體驗,雖然提及了一些與當?shù)厣钕嚓P的話題,但并沒有反映鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展,主要是表現(xiàn)烏鄉(xiāng)特有的自然風光、生活習俗和人情特點。
故選D。
【8題詳解】
本題考查學生理解重要句子含義的能力。
這句話是作者在烏鄉(xiāng)小住之后的人生感悟。
“霜降”代表著生活中的困境;“植物枯萎”象征著生命的衰退和結束,象征著那些經(jīng)不起打擊而被擊敗的人和事物;“一些事物到來”則象征著新的開始和希望,代表著經(jīng)受住打擊的人或事物迎來新生,開始新生活;
“一些人又把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上”,“泥濘”代表前路坎坷不易,而“把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上”象征著前行的艱辛和不易,但也體現(xiàn)了人們在困境中前行的堅韌和勇氣,正如房東阿姨的小兒子,毅然背起行囊離家遠行,去追尋屬于自己的生活。
此句表達了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的所見所感,表達了對生命堅韌精神的深刻理解,對烏鄉(xiāng)人的贊美。
【9題詳解】
本題考查學生理解文章內(nèi)容,多角度探究作品意蘊的能力。
自然景象的描寫中滲透著獨特的生命感受:文章描寫了烏鄉(xiāng)清晨的霜景,草葉上的霜、被霜打蔫的花、枝條蕭條的樺樹、悄悄隱逝的寒星、農(nóng)家屋頂?shù)拇稛,這些自然景觀都帶有霜降節(jié)氣的特色;貫穿其中的還有作者的細膩感受,如烏鄉(xiāng)白露過后感受到的寒意,“白露過后,烏鄉(xiāng)的風里就已平添了寒意”;還有烏鄉(xiāng)風中特別的味道,“這種特別的味道讓人難忘,在鼻間縈繞,以至于割舍不下,成了人們再來烏鄉(xiāng)的理由”。
人與自然的互動:作者描寫了霜降夜與農(nóng)戶們在院子里攀談、品嘗當?shù)厥澄铮按蠹页灾菰S膘烤牛肉,品嘗著新摘的巨峰葡萄,黑色的凍梨,喝著自釀的桑葚酒”“阿姨端來一小筐被冰凍過的無花果,果子個頭大,已經(jīng)在冰柜里凍成了一個個小冰球”,這些都是秋天特有的食物,體現(xiàn)了人與自然的密切關聯(lián);此外,作者還寫了霜降夜的景物變化與感受到的寒意,“霜降開始了,夜幕陡然拉向縱深,只聽得周圍的蘆葦稈在瑟瑟作響,白樺樹枝在輕輕蠕動,我身上很快起了一層細小的雞皮疙瘩”,寫了房東阿姨送毯子,“善良的房東阿姨送來了羊毛毯和羊毛披肩,以抵抗霜降帶來的微妙變化”;還寫了談論過冬的準備等細節(jié),“如何與枯草叢中的野物們一道,度過暴風雪即將來臨的嚴冬,需要糧食、木柴、胡蘿卜和大白菜,需要棉衣棉被,需要一個大火爐”,展現(xiàn)了烏鄉(xiāng)人對節(jié)氣的重視以及應對節(jié)氣的方法,寫出人與節(jié)氣之間密切的關聯(lián)。
情感的共鳴:作者在霜降夜中感受到烏鄉(xiāng)人對生活的積極態(tài)度和對幸福的追求,產(chǎn)生了強烈的情感共鳴,“他們在日子艱辛面前所持有的積極態(tài)度,和對幸福目標的追尋姿態(tài),都讓我感同身受,噓唏或喜悅”。特別是最后看到房東阿姨的小兒子離鄉(xiāng)遠行,“她的小兒子目光淡定,飛快地走出院落,又回過頭來朝我們揮手笑笑,然后大步踩過路邊的草木灰,在陽光下縮小成一個移動的墨點,在遠山的背景下漸漸消失”,作者感受到生命的流動和時間的變遷,進一步深化了對生命與節(jié)氣之間聯(lián)系的體驗。
通過這些方面的描寫,文章生動地抒寫了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的深刻體驗感,展現(xiàn)了人與自然、生命與節(jié)氣之間的密切聯(lián)系。
二、古代詩文閱讀(34分)
。ㄒ唬┪难晕拈喿x(本題共4小題,19分)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成下面小題。
人才莫盛于三國,亦惟三國之主各能用人,故得眾力相扶,以成鼎足之勢。而其用人亦各有不同者,大概曹操以權術相馭,劉備以性情相契,孫氏兄弟以意氣相投。
劉備為呂布所襲奔于操程昱以備有雄才勸操圖之。操曰:“今收攬英雄時,殺一人而失天下之心,不可也。”然此猶非與操有怨者。臧霸先從陶謙,后助呂布,布為操所擒,霸藏匿,操募得之,即以霸為瑯邪相。先是操在兗州,以徐翕、毛暉為將,兗州亂,翕、暉皆叛,后操定兗州,翕、暉投霸。至是,操使霸出二人,霸曰:“霸所以能自立者,以不為此也。”操嘆其賢。蓋操當初起時,方欲藉眾力以成事,故以此奔走天下。及其削平群雄,勢位已定,則孔融、許攸等,皆以嫌忌殺之。荀彧素為操謀主,亦以其阻九錫而脅之死。然后知其雄猜之性久而自露,而從前之度外用人,特出于矯偽,以濟一時之用,所謂以權術相馭也。
至劉備,一起事即為人心所向。觀其三顧諸葛,咨以大計,獨有傅巖爰立之風。關、張、趙云,自少結契,終身奉以周旋,即羈旅奔逃,無寸土可以立業(yè),而數(shù)人者患難相隨,別無貳志。此固數(shù)人者之忠義,而備亦必有深結其隱微而不可解者矣。至托孤于亮,曰:“嗣子可輔,輔之;不可輔,則君自取之。”千載下猶見其肝膈本懷,豈非真性情之流露?亮第一流人,二國俱不能得,備獨能得之,亦可見以誠待人之效矣。
至孫氏兄弟之用人,亦自有不可及者。孫策生擒太史慈,即解其縛曰:“子義青州名士,但所托非人耳。孤是卿知己,勿憂不如意也!贝瞬咧檬恳。陸遜鎮(zhèn)西陵,權刻印置遜所,每與劉禪、諸葛亮書,常過示遜,有不安者,便令改定,以印封行之。委任如此,臣下有不感知遇而竭心力者乎?陸遜晚年為楊竺等所譖,憤郁而死。權后見其子抗,泣曰:“吾前聽讒言,與汝父大義不篤,以此負汝!币匀酥鞫曰谄溥^,開誠告語如此,其誰不感泣?此孫氏兄弟之用人,所謂以意氣相感也。
。ü(jié)選自趙翼《廿二史札記》卷七)
10. 文中畫波浪線的部分有三處需要斷句,請用鉛筆將答題卡上相應位置的答案標號涂黑。
劉備為呂布A所襲B奔C于操D程昱E以備F有雄才G勸操H圖之。
11. 下列對文中加點的詞語及相關內(nèi)容的解說,不正確的一項是( )
A. 藉,憑借、借助,與《陳涉世家》中“藉第令毋斬”的“藉”意思相同。
B. 即,即使,與《桃花源記》中“太守即遣人隨其往”的“即”意思不同。
C. 固,固然,與《赤壁賦》中“固一世之雄也,而今安在哉”的“固”意思相同。
D. 但,只是,與《記承天寺夜游》中“但少閑人如吾兩人者耳”的“但”意思相同。
12. 下列對原文有關內(nèi)容的概述,不正確的一項是( )
A. 臧霸曾為呂布效力,曹操擒捉呂布以后,臧霸為避禍藏匿起來;后來他又被曹操捕獲,曹操不計前嫌,對他委以重任,任命他為瑯邪相。
B. 曹操初起時為圖霸業(yè),能籠絡人才,甚至能任用曾與己有怨者;勢位已定時則猜忌異己,濫殺無辜。這正是其用人“以權術相馭”的表現(xiàn)。
C. 劉備以性情結交忠義之士,以誠待人,故能深得人心;劉備創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中多次遭遇挫折,但諸葛亮及關、張、趙云等人患難相隨,忠貞不渝。
D. 陸遜鎮(zhèn)守西陵時,深得孫權信任,孫權給劉禪、諸葛亮寫信,常常給陸遜看,有不妥之處就讓他改定;到了晚年,陸遜遭到讒害,郁郁而終。
13. 把文中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。
(1)操使霸出二人,霸曰:“霸所以能自立者,以不為此也!
。2)吾前聽讒言,與汝父大義不篤,以此負汝。
【答案】10. BDG 11. A 12. A
13. (1)曹操讓臧霸交出那兩個人,臧霸說:“我之所以能夠自立的原因,是因為不做這樣的事情。”
。2)我以前聽信讒言,與令尊的關系不夠深厚,因此辜負了你。
【解析】
【10題詳解】
本題考查學生文言文斷句的能力。
句意:劉備被呂布襲擊后,投奔曹操,程昱認為劉備有雄才,勸曹操圖謀除掉他。
“為……所”表被動,“襲”是動詞,“劉備為呂布所襲”是一個被動句,所以從“襲”后B處斷開;
“奔于操”承接前邊主語“劉備”,“奔”是謂語,“操”是賓語,結構完整,所以從“于操”后D處斷開;
“以”是“程昱”的謂語,“備有雄才”是賓語,“程昱以備有雄才”句子結構完整,所以從“有雄才”后G處斷開。
故選BDG。
【11題詳解】
本題考查學生對文言詞語中的一詞多義現(xiàn)象的理解能力。
A.錯誤。兩個“藉”意思不同。“藉”,憑借、借助;/即使。句意:正是想借助眾人的力量成就大業(yè)。/即使僅能免于斬刑。
B.正確。即,即使;/立即。句意:即使在顛沛流離、無立足之地時。/太守立即派遣人員跟隨他前往。
C.正確。句意:這固然是幾人的忠義。/(曹孟德)固然是當世的一位英雄人物,然而現(xiàn)在又在哪里呢?
D.正確。句意:只是所托非人罷了。/只是缺少像我們兩個這樣清閑的人罷了。
故選A。
【12題詳解】
本題考查學生理解文章內(nèi)容的能力。
A.“后來他又被曹操捕獲”理解錯誤,根據(jù)原文“霸藏匿,操募得之,即以霸為瑯邪相”可知,臧霸并不是被曹操捕獲,而是曹操通過招募的方式找到臧霸,并任命他為瑯邪相。
故選A。
【13題詳解】
本題考查學生理解并翻譯文言文句子的能力。
。1)“出”,交出;“所以”,……的原因;“以”,因為;“……也”,表判斷。
。2)“前”,以前;“篤”,深厚;“負”,辜負。
參考譯文:
三國時期的人才可謂是最為鼎盛的,這也得益于三國的君主各自善于用人,因此能夠匯聚眾人的力量,形成三足鼎立的局面。然而,他們用人的方式各有不同。大致來說,曹操是以權術駕馭人,劉備是以性情結交人,孫氏兄弟則是以意氣感召人。
劉備被呂布襲擊后,投奔曹操,程昱認為劉備有雄才,勸曹操圖謀除掉他。曹操說:“現(xiàn)在是收攬英雄的時候,殺一個人會失去天下人的心,這是不可以的!比欢,這還不是與曹操有怨的人。臧霸先是跟隨陶謙,后來幫助呂布,呂布被曹操擒獲后,臧霸藏匿起來。曹操通過招募的方式找到臧霸,立即任命他為瑯邪相。早先,曹操在兗州時,任用徐翕、毛暉為將,兗州發(fā)生動亂,徐翕、毛暉都叛變了。后來曹操平定兗州,徐翕、毛暉投奔臧霸。到這時,曹操讓臧霸交出那兩個人,臧霸說:“我之所以能夠自立的原因,是因為不做這樣的事情!辈懿賴@息他的賢能。曹操當初起事時,正是想借助眾人的力量成就大業(yè),所以以此奔走天下。等到他削平群雄,勢位已定時,孔融、許攸等人都因嫌忌被殺。荀彧一直是曹操的謀主,也因為阻止曹操接受九錫而被逼死。由此可見,曹操的雄猜之性久而自露,而從前的寬容用人,只是出于權宜之計,以應一時之需,這就是所謂的以權術駕馭人。
至于劉備,一起事就為人心所向?此櫭⿵]請諸葛亮出山,咨詢大計,獨有傅巖立賢的風范。關羽、張飛、趙云,自年輕時結交,終身相隨,即使在顛沛流離、無立足之地時,這幾人也患難與共,毫無二心。這固然是幾人的忠義,但劉備也必定有深厚的情感紐帶令人不能解開。到托孤于諸葛亮時,劉備說:“嗣子可輔,輔之;不可輔,則君自取之。”千載之下仍能見其肝膽相照,豈不是性情的流露?諸葛亮是第一流的人才,其他兩國都不能得到,唯獨劉備能得到他,這也可見以誠待人的效果。
至于孫氏兄弟用人,也各自有別人比不了之處。孫策生擒太史慈后,立即解開他的綁縛,說:“子義是青州名士,只是所托非人罷了。我是你的知己,不用擔心不如意!边@是孫策得士的表現(xiàn)。陸遜鎮(zhèn)守西陵,孫權把印章放在陸遜那里,每次與劉禪、諸葛亮通信,常常給陸遜看,有不妥之處就讓他改定,然后蓋上印章發(fā)出。委任如此,臣下有不感知遇而竭心盡力的嗎?陸遜晚年被楊竺等人讒害,憤郁而死。孫權后來見到陸遜的兒子陸抗,哭著說:“我以前聽信讒言,與令尊的關系不夠深厚,因此辜負了你!弊鳛榫髂茏曰谄溥^,像這樣開誠布公地告知,誰能不感動流淚呢?這就是孫氏兄弟用人,這就是所說的以意氣感人的表現(xiàn)。
。ǘ┕糯姼栝喿x(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面詩歌,回答后面問題。
次韻錢遜叔泛舟虹橋①
宋·呂本中
半篙春漲綠平溪,二月江城草色齊。
舟比蜉蝣千頃外,□同斥鷃一枝棲②。
野橋柳線斜風軟,曲檻花光夕照低。
卻訝探驪人不至③,清樽畫航倩分題④。
[注]①次韻:依次用所和詩中的韻作詩。②本句首字原缺。③探驪:這里指精通寫詩作文。④分題:詩人聚會,分題目而賦詩。
14. 下列對這首詩的理解和賞析,不正確的一項是( )
A. 詩歌開篇寫春水、草色,圍繞色彩落筆,營造出一種愉悅的情感氛圍。
B. 春水新漲,水面遼闊寬廣,在波間漂浮的船只顯得如同蜉蝣一樣細小。
C. 斥鷃見于《莊子·逍遙游》,用來與鵬做對比,因此詩中缺字應是“鵬”。
D. 詩歌的尾聯(lián)寫到了“分題”,以此收束,與題目中的“次韻”形成照應。
15. 請賞析頸聯(lián)“野橋柳線斜風軟,曲檻花光夕照低”中“軟”“低”二字藝術效果。
【答案】14. C 15. “軟”字形容斜風的溫柔輕柔,營造出寧靜和諧的氛圍;“低”字描繪夕照的柔和低垂,增強了畫面的層次感和詩意,使景象更生動。
【解析】
【14題詳解】
本題考查學生對詩歌解讀中存在問題進行邏輯判斷及對課文內(nèi)容的理解和分析的能力。
C.“……對比,因此詩中缺字應是‘鵬’”錯誤,前后不構成因果關系。缺字一句可以有兩種解釋:一是缺字表示的事物與斥鷃一起棲息在樹枝上;二是該事物像斥鷃一樣棲息在樹枝上。參照上句中的“比”字,后一種理解符合原意的可能性較大。但無論是哪一種理解,缺字都不可能是“鵬”字。鵬與斥鷃是《逍遙游》用來論述“小大之辨”的兩個例證,斥鷃是一種小鳥,是可以棲息在樹枝之上的;而鵬則龐大得不可思議,它“背若泰山,翼若垂天之云”,無法想象它可以在樹枝上棲息。當然,“一枝”也可能是一個比喻,用來表示狹窄的空間,那也同樣不是鵬所能棲息的。
故選C。
【15題詳解】
本題考查學生鑒賞煉字藝術效果的能力。
用字精當以追求表現(xiàn)力的最大化,是歷代文人在文學創(chuàng)作中極為重視的問題,詩歌中尤其如此。本題要求賞析“軟”“低”二字的藝術效果,需要學生借助聯(lián)想和想象品味語言,并把自己的體驗和感受用文字表達出來。
“軟”字用來形容斜風,傳達出春風的溫柔和輕柔。斜風拂過野橋上的柳條,柳條隨風輕輕搖曳,給人一種柔和、舒適的感覺。這個字不僅描繪了春風的特質,還營造出一種寧靜、和諧的氛圍,使讀者仿佛置身于春日的美景中,感受到春風的溫暖和柔情。
“低”字用來形容夕照,描繪了夕陽西下時光線逐漸變低的景象。夕陽的余暉灑在曲折的欄桿和花朵上,光線柔和而低垂,給人一種溫馨、寧靜的感覺。這個字不僅描繪了夕陽的特質,還增強了畫面的層次感和立體感,使整個景象顯得更加生動和富有詩意。
通過“軟”和“低”兩個字,詩人成功地描繪了春日黃昏時分的美麗景象,傳達出一種寧靜、溫柔的氛圍。這兩個字不僅準確地刻畫了自然景物的特征,還增強了詩歌的畫面感和感染力,使讀者能夠身臨其境地感受到春日的美好與寧靜。
。ㄈ┟淠瑢懀ū绢}共1小題,6分)
16. 補寫出下列句子中的空缺部分。
。1)王灣《次北固山下》的名句“____________,____________”,描寫時序交替中的景物,暗示著時光流逝,蘊含著自然理趣。
(2)小慧為朋友家的農(nóng)家樂餐廳寫宣傳橫幅,直接使用了陸游《游山西村》里的“____________,____________”兩句詩,朋友看了覺得很貼切。
。3)行至群山深處,見到一掛瀑布飛瀉而下,水石激蕩,轟鳴作響。于老師回頭對學生們說:“這不就是古詩中寫的‘____________,____________’嘛!”
【答案】 ①. 海日生殘夜 ②. 江春入舊年 ③. 山重水復疑無路 ④. 柳暗花明又一村 ⑤. 飛流直下三千尺 ⑥. 疑是銀河落九天(飛湍瀑流爭喧豗,砯崖轉石萬壑雷)
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學生默寫常見的名篇名句的能力。
易錯字詞有:生、暗、喧豗,砯崖、壑。
三、語言文字運用(20分)
(一)語言文字運用Ⅰ(本題共4小題,14分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
天山可謂家喻戶曉,但真正了解它的人恐怕不多。怎樣算是真正了解天山呢?不妨做個測試。你閉上眼睛,念出“天山”這個名字,試試看,能不能想象出一幅天山的全景圖來?在這幅全景圖里,山脈或平行或交錯,許多巨大的、汽車要開上很久很久的盆地坐落其間。兩座威嚴的雪峰——托木爾峰和汗騰格里峰巍然聳立,俯視著周邊十多座海拔6000米以上的山峰。帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長驅直入的暖濕氣流造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地和水草豐美的牧場。博斯騰湖碧水連天,賽里木湖晶瑩澄澈,艾比湖“鹽”裝素裹,天池靜臥在蒼翠環(huán)繞之中……①如果在你的腦海中,②能包羅萬象地浮現(xiàn)出這樣一幅全景圖,③圖上呈現(xiàn)了天山的任何山脈、盆地、雪峰,④還有河流、和湖泊,⑤你就算真正了解天山了。
17. 下列句子中的“要”與文中加點的“要”,意義相同的一項是( )
A. 描繪“寒風掃高木”的景況,用“木”字要比用“樹”字更合適。
B. 蓮花池邊有個小酒店,我們走進去,打了半斤酒,還要了些菜。
C. 臺兒溝沒有學校,香雪每天上學要到十五里以外的公社去。
D. 等棗樹的葉子落盡,樹上的棗子紅完,西北風就要起來了。
18. 請將文中畫橫線的部分改成幾個較短的語句?梢愿淖冋Z序、少量增刪詞語,但不得改變原意。
19. 下列句子中畫波浪線的詞語與文中畫波浪線的“蒼翠”,所用的修辭手法相同的一項是( )
A. 煙花向上空沖去,下落時便灑散著滿天花雨。
B. 魯迅先生穿著樸素的長衫,從容地坐在西裝領帶們旁邊。
C. 夏天的雨是熱情洋溢的,喜歡不打招呼就前來拜訪。
D. 微風過處,送來縷縷清香,仿佛遠處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的。
20. 文中標序號的部分有兩處表述不當,請指出其序號并做修改,使語言準確流暢,邏輯嚴密。不得改變原意。
【答案】17. C 18. 示例(1):暖濕氣流帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長驅直入,它造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地,以及水草豐美的牧場。
示例(2):帶著充沛水汽的暖濕氣流在伊犁河谷一路長驅直入,它造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地和水草豐美的牧場。
19. B 20. 序號②修改為:能浮現(xiàn)出這樣一幅包羅萬象的全景圖;
序號③修改為:圖上呈現(xiàn)了天山的所有山脈、雪峰、盆地;
序號④修改為: 還有河流、湖泊(還有河流和湖泊) 。
【解析】
【17題詳解】
本題考查學生辨析詞語語境義的能力。
文中“要”意思是需要。
A.表示估計,用于比較。
B.討。表示希望將某種事物歸自己所有 。
C.需要。
D.即將來臨。
故選C。
【18題詳解】
本題考查學生變換句式的能力。
所謂長句一般是修飾限制成分多,或者主語、賓語、謂語部分比較復雜。畫線句屬于修飾成分多,賓語復雜。
首先確定句子主干,“暖濕氣流造就了田地和牧場”,讓主干單獨成句;
然后把復雜部分按照語法規(guī)則加以拆分,比如定語拿出來單獨成句,“帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長驅直入”,作為句子時需要添加主語“暖濕氣流”;
然后強調一下兩個賓語的特點,比如“田地里一片片麥浪滾滾”“牧場上水草豐美”;
最后根據(jù)邏輯關系組合成包含幾個短句的復句,除了參考答案,還可以表述為:帶著充沛水汽的暖濕氣流在伊犁河谷一路長驅直入,它造就了田地和牧場,田地里一片片麥浪滾滾,牧場上水草豐美。
【19題詳解】
本題考查學生辨析修辭手法的能力。
文中“蒼翠”屬于借代修辭,顏色代樹木。
A.比喻修辭,把漫天灑散的煙花比喻成“雨”;
B.借代修辭,用西裝領帶借指人們;
C.擬人修辭,賦予自然現(xiàn)象“雨”以人的特點“熱情洋溢”“喜歡”“打招呼”“拜訪”;
D.通感手法,溝通了視聽兩種感官,把鼻子嗅到的“清香”比喻成耳朵聽到的“歌聲”。
故選B。
【20題詳解】
本題考查學生辨析并修改病句的能力。
序號②語序不當,“浮現(xiàn)”是客觀詞語,不能用“包羅萬象”修飾,應該放在“全景”前。
序號③用詞不當,把“任何”刪掉或改為“所有”;語序不當,并列詞語間應該有視覺順序,比如由高到低,“盆地” 放在后面,與低處的“河流”“湖泊”能更好地銜接。
序號④成分贅余,有了頓號沒必要加“和” ,刪掉頓號或“和” 。
。ǘ┱Z言文字運用Ⅱ(本題共1小題,6分)
21. 下面的文字是一位老奶奶在醫(yī)院看病時的自述,不夠簡明扼要,不利于和醫(yī)生高效溝通。請對這段自述進行縮寫。要求:保留必要信息,不超過80個字。
大夫好!今天看病的人太多了,我排了好長時間隊才看上。我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號了,這么多年我的高血壓和糖尿病一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的,好多年前有一次扭傷了腳踝,也是在你們這兒看好的,您可得給我好好看看。是這么回事兒。昨天晚上我老閨女來家里,我們一起吃的晚飯。吃過飯看著電視,我就開始頭疼,先是頭頂一圈疼,一跳一跳的,后來整個頭都疼。我試了很多辦法,一會兒躺著,一會兒坐著,大口喘氣,戴上帽子捂著,都沒有用。閨女要帶我來醫(yī)院,我說天太冷了,明天可能就好了,明天再說吧,然后就睡覺了。今天早上醒了還疼,頭也不敢動,一晃就更疼了,就趕緊來醫(yī)院了。
【答案】大夫好!我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號,一直在這兒看高血壓和糖尿病。昨天晚上吃完飯后開始頭疼,先是頭頂一圈疼,后來整個頭都疼。今天早上醒來仍然頭疼,頭一動就更疼,所以趕緊來醫(yī)院了。
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學生提煉概括核心信息、表達準確簡明的能力。
首先刪除冗余:
排隊時間、與醫(yī)生的寒暄、扭傷腳踝的舊事、與女兒的互動、嘗試的無效緩解方法等信息可以壓縮掉,比如“今天看病的人太多了,我排了好長時間隊才看上”“好多年前有一次扭傷了腳踝,也是在你們這兒看好的,您可得給我好好看看”“我試了很多辦法,一會兒躺著,一會兒坐著,大口喘氣,戴上帽子捂著,都沒有用。閨女要帶我來醫(yī)院,我說天太冷了,明天可能就好了,明天再說吧,然后就睡覺了”,冗長啰嗦,屬于多余信息,忽略不計。
然后提煉出有效信息:
(1)由“我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號了,這么多年……一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的”提煉出患者身份:老病號,長期在該醫(yī)院看病。
。2)由“這么多年我的高血壓和糖尿病一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的”提煉出病史信息:高血壓和糖尿病。
。3)由“昨天晚上我老閨女來家里,我們一起吃的晚飯。吃過飯看著電視,我就開始頭疼”提煉出病痛時間:昨晚開始。
。4)由“先是頭頂一圈疼,一跳一跳的,后來整個頭都疼”“今天早上醒了還疼,頭也不敢動,一晃就更疼了”提煉出癥狀:頭頂一圈疼,后來整個頭都疼。今天早上醒來仍然頭疼,頭一動就更疼;就診原因:頭疼持續(xù)未見好轉。
最后組織語言:
將關鍵信息按時間順序和邏輯關系進行組織,使表達簡潔明了,條理清晰。
四、作文(60分)
22. 閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)要求寫作。
每個人都要學習與他人相處。有時,我們?yōu)楸苊鉀_突而不愿表達自己的想法。其實,坦誠交流才有可能迎來真正的相遇。
這引發(fā)了你怎樣的聯(lián)想和思考?請寫一篇文章。
要求:選準角度,確定立意,明確文體,自擬標題;不要套作,不得抄襲;不得泄露個人信息;不少于800字。
【答案】例文
心跡不掩,英雄本色
現(xiàn)代社會,人際錯綜,在群體相處的復雜過程中,人們往往為了提高“隱蔽性”、增加安全感而掩藏心跡、力求“大同”,生怕被人看穿自己的“底牌”,拿住自己的“軟肋”。其實,一味遮掩閃躲、矯飾趨眾并不是緩和矛盾、尋求認同的妙方,唯有率真坦蕩、直露心跡,方能彰顯個性魅力,吸引同頻摯友,贏得社會尊重。
不掩心跡,敢于直陳與眾各異的觀點、表達獨特無二的看法,既不畏懼因成為大眾眼中的“少數(shù)人”而被視為異類,也不擔憂因無法追隨主流的腳步而倍覺孤獨,即使為時人所訕笑、不解、嘲諷譏刺甚至排斥孤立,仍始終保持獨立思考的態(tài)度,呵護不易動搖的本心,以敢當千夫所指、無懼踽踽獨行的執(zhí)著剛毅行走于朗朗世間,以不肯隨波逐流、拒絕人云亦云的明亮坦蕩彰顯著大勇大慧。
不掩心跡,樂于袒露不加偽飾的性情、展示多有瑕疵的真我,既不遮掩粉飾并不完美的“黑暗層”、真?zhèn)性,也不追求浮夸矯造的假“人設”、高“友商”,即使知音寥寥,同行無幾,仍始終保存雖有缺陷卻不失特色的真面目,懷抱雖感落寞而不改本我的真風骨,以不因寂寥而盲目迎合、不因從眾而勉強改變的實言實行對抗一眾“假面”,以心口如一的磊落灑脫、率直天真的霽月光風對抗著諸如“守口如瓶,防意如城”之類的人情“箴言”。
不掩心跡之杰出人物,古今皆眾。前有“必不堪者七”和“甚不可者二”的嵇康直拒司馬政權邀請,“行不為飾,動求真適”的孟浩然直陳胸中“不才明主棄”的郁結之氣,聲震朝野的“拗相公”王安石直言對京官高職的排斥反感;后有“不要遷就什么,也不要盲目地去追什么潮流”的優(yōu)客工場創(chuàng)始人毛大慶直評創(chuàng)業(yè)心路,“能爬珠穆朗瑪干嗎還要爬那些小山”的中科院院士顏寧直揚凌云之志……心跡所顯,本色所向,英雄之氣,難掩行藏。
誠然,尋求群體接納,渴望社會認同本是人之常情,隱藏真實想法、力求避免沖突的處世態(tài)度并非不可理解。但若是人人都掩藏心跡,不愿坦誠,交接之間含糊其辭、虛與委蛇,唯恐自己的“全拋一片心”碰上了對方的“且說三分話”, 生怕首先暴露了自己的真實態(tài)度、客觀情緒而喪失主動權,如此,人與人之間的溫情善意、赤誠真摯將不復存在,人們將永遠保持著所謂的“安全距離”而無法觸碰彼此的靈魂,永遠受困于身邊的“無效社交”而無法脫離原始的恐懼與孤獨。
“唯大英雄能本色,是真名士自風流!焙吆吖⒄谡谘谘诓⒎菨櫥穗H、左右逢源的“萬金油”,直率天然、簡單澄澈方為提升格局、收獲美滿的“強心針”。不掩心跡,方顯英雄本色,展露真我,笑迎盛放人生。
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學生寫作的能力。
審題:
這是一道引語式材料作文題。
材料意在引導青少年形成健康正向的人際交往理念,關鍵句“坦誠交流才有可能遇到真正的相遇”直接指明中心論點和寫作方向,把握住“坦誠交流”一詞,則易進行文章構思。
與他人相處時,不愿表達真實想法,因此人云亦云、從眾而談、唯唯諾諾,無非出于尋求群體、避免矛盾、保護自我的心理,固然能暫時起到潤滑關系、規(guī)避沖突的作用,但長此以往,則會使人喪失個性,面目模糊,看似左右逢源,實則孤獨自苦,既無法培養(yǎng)起勇敢表達、直抒己見的能力,也錯過與同頻的朋友交流、相知的良機。
坦誠交流,既可以勾勒真實自我,讓群體認識、了解自己,更能夠吸引到認同、欣賞自己的“同類”,在共性的基礎上建立起牢固真實的友情;既可以擺脫虛言矯飾的疲憊,克服怕做“異類”、怕成“孤島”的畏縮情緒,更能以我口說我心的姿態(tài)消除他人對自己的假性印象,釋放由持續(xù)掩飾偽裝帶來的精神壓力;既是一種不懼發(fā)聲、敢于袒露的膽量、勇氣,更是一種磊落灑脫、質樸天然的人生態(tài)度?傊,唯有坦誠交流,適合的機會、同質的朋友、應得的利益、獨特的魅力……才會和自己有一場“真正的相遇”。
寫作時,可以先明確提出論點——“坦誠交流”,然后分別從坦誠能夠吸引真正的朋友、贏得應有的尊重,能夠培養(yǎng)磊落的品行、鍛煉堅韌的心志等方面進行論述;再從反方面假設人人都戴上面具、不肯坦誠,將會對人際關系造成怎樣的打擊、對和諧社會造成怎樣的破壞;接下來聯(lián)系實際,適當批駁現(xiàn)代社會中某些提倡“圓穩(wěn)”、曲解“中庸”的亂象;最后總結觀點,收束全文。
立意:
1.率真為人,英雄本色。
2.展露真我,不斂鋒芒。
3.坦以承己,誠以待人。
4.袒露心跡,同向而行。
2024年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(新課標Ⅰ卷)
英語
姓名________________ 準考證號________________
全卷共12頁,滿分150分,考試時間120分鐘。
考生注意:
1. 答題前,請務必將自己的姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆分別填寫在試題卷和答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。
2. 答題時,請按照答題紙上“注意事項”的要求,在答題紙相應的位置上規(guī)范作答,在本試題卷上的作答一律無效。
第一部分 聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題紙上。
第一節(jié) (共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
What is Kate doing?
A. Boarding a flight. B. Arranging a trip. C. Seeing a friend off.
【答案】C
【解析】
原文】M: Thanks for the wonderful weekend, Kate.
W: Thats okay. Bob and I are glad you came to see us.
M: Oh, I have to go in. My flight will take off soon. Do contact me when youre in Sydney.
W: Sure, we will.
2. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking about?
A. A pop star. B. An old song. C. A radio program.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Paul, listen to the radio. Its Youve Stolen My Heart, one of the songs played at our wedding.
M: Yeah, how beautiful! Its been popular for almost two decades.
3. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
What will the speakers do today?
A. Go to an art show. B. Meet the mans aunt. C. Eat out with Mark.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: David, forget about Mark. His aunt is in town, so he cant go with us today.
M: Oh, what a pity! Its the last day of the art show.
4. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
What does the man want to do?
A. Cancel an order. B. Ask for a receipt. C. Reschedule a delivery.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: How may I help you?
M: I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday.
W: Yes, what’s the problem?
M: I need to have it delivered this Saturday.
5. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
When will the next train to Bedford leave?
A. At 9:45. B. At 10:15. C. At 11:00.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Next, please.
M: Oh, hi, I missed my 9 oclock train to Bedford. Do I have to buy another ticket?
W: No. The next train leaves at a quarter to ten at Platform 11.
M: Thank you.
第二節(jié) (共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻,請去附件查看】
6. What will the weather be like today?
A. Stormy. B. Sunny. C. Foggy.
7. What is the man going to do?
A. Plant a tree. B. Move his car. C. Check the map.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Honey, have you checked todays weather forecast?
M: Yes, its cold and wet. There is a warning for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.
W: What are we going to do then?
M: Nothing much. Just stay indoors. There is a risk of falling trees and power lines.
W: Right.
M: And the low temperatures could bring snow to the forest area.
W: I hope its over quickly.
M: Well, it wont get better until late Wednesday. Anyway, I have to move the car away from the trees.
W: Yeah, you cannot be too careful.
聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻,請去附件查看】
8. Why is Kathy in California now?
A. She is on vacation there. B. She has just moved there. C. She is doing business there.
9. What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona?
A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Father and daughter.
10. What does Kathy thank Dave for?
A. Finding her a new job. B. Sending her a present. C. Calling on her mother.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Dave. This is Kathy from Sunny California.
M: Hi, Kathy. You finally called. How was the move? All settled in?
W: Sorry, I hadn’t called sooner, but it’s been a busy month. We’re slowly getting things set up in our new home.
M: Yeah, I understand. How are Jeff and the children?
W: Jeff is doing well with his new job. Tom has made many new friends here and has a lot to do. Fiona is fine, though she misses her grandma. By the way, thank you for looking in on my mother from time to time. I call her every week, but it isn’t the same as seeing her.
M: No problem. Betty and I are friends now. How is the weather there?
W: It’s nice and warm, and we are able to spend some time every week on the beach with the children.
M: That’s great.
聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
11. How did Jack go to school when he was a child?
A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus.
12. What is Jacks attitude toward parents driving their kids to school?
A. Disapproving. B. Encouraging. C. Understanding.
13. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman?
A. Overprotecting their children.
B. Pushing their children too hard.
C. Having no time for their children.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school?
M: I lived close to my school, so I walked every day. Why?
W: Well, I remember that when we were kids, we often walked, rode a bike or caught the bus to school. Few of us were dropped off at the school gate by our parents.
M: I see what you mean, these days you can see traffic jams around schools that drop off at pick-up times, but it’s hard to blame the parents. They have good reasons for driving their kids to school, mostly to do with safety and convenience.
W: You have a point there, but it could also mean children are missing out on much needed exercise and other life skills. Some parents are just being over-protective with their children learning nothing, but living in fear of everything. Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be healthier, better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.
聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
14. Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first?
A. To keep records of her progress.
B. To sell home-grown vegetables.
C. To motivate her fellow gardeners.
15. Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries?
A. They need no special care.
B. They can be used in cooking.
C. They bear a lot of fruit soon.
16. What is difficult for Marie to grow?
A. Herbs. B. Carrots. C. Pears.
17. What is Maries advice to those interested in kitchen gardening?
A. Aim high. B. Keep focused. C. Stay optimistic.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. B 17. C
【解析】
【原文】M: So Aurie, your kitchen garden looks excellent. What made you turn to social media to record your vegetable growing?
W: Initially, I used the online platform as a diary, something to look back on, giving me a sense of achievements and keeping me motivated and moving forward. As time went by, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.
M: I know you grow lots of fruit on your land. Which would you recommend to beginners as the best to grow?
W: Strawberries would be a good choice. They produce a lot of fruit in their first season.
M: Thats cool. Well, do you have plans to try newor any particular crops next year?
W: Next season I will be adding some pear trees to the fruit area. I will be adding more herbs which I can use in the kitchen. After a couple of years of failure, I will try growing carrots again.
M: What advice would you offer someone thinkingof doing kitchen gardening?
W: Have a plan of what you want your kitchen garden to look like. Dont be too discouraged if things dont go according to plan. Learn from your mistakes and move on. Theres always next season.
聽下面一段獨白,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻,請去附件查看】
18. What is "Life of Johnson"?
A. A magazine column. B. A TV series. C. A historical novel.
19. What is Johnson famous for?
A. His acting talent. B. His humorous writing. C. His long sports career.
20. When did Johnson join Sports Times?
A. In 1981. B. In 1983. C. In 1985.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Welcome to Meet the Author. Well, many readers of Sports Times turn to the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnsons weekly article under the title Life of Johnson, the articles along with his novels and essay collections have earned Johnson the reputation as one of the funniest humans on the planet. Johnson began writing about sports as a second-year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. After graduating in 1981, he moved on to work at the Denver Weekly for 2 years and the Los Angeles Post for two more years before landing at Sports Times. He has been voted national sports writer of the year 11 times. So now lets welcome the funny man with serious tone, Jacob Johnson.
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marins natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. Well explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
Well be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (滿足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
23. What are the volunteers expected to do?
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了參加保護當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)的棲息地恢復小組的時間地點等相關細節(jié)。
【21題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (幫助恢復和保護從馬林海岬到波利納斯嶺的馬林海的自然區(qū)域。我們將探索美麗的公園場地,同時進行入侵植物清除、冬季種植和種子收集。棲息地恢復小組的志愿者在恢復敏感資源和保護山脊和山谷中的瀕危物種方面發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用)”可知,棲息地恢復小組的目的是保護當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項。
【22題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (歡迎10歲及以上的志愿者)”可知,參加棲息地恢復小組的最低年齡限制是10歲。故選B項。
【23題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我們將風雨無阻地工作)”可知,身為志愿者,即使天氣不好也要工作。故選B項。
B
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (針灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (獸醫(yī)) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩療法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在從針灸中受益后,將綜合醫(yī)療應用于動物,并取得了初步成效。
【24題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起來有點自衛(wèi),那可能是因為他的一些同事偶爾會嘲笑他不尋常的方法。) ”可知,F(xiàn)arber的同事們有時會嘲笑他不尋常的方法,他們認為他很奇怪。故選A。
【25題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后,他嘗試了針灸,這是一種古老的中國療法,并驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過兩三次治療,他的病情有所好轉。對獸醫(yī)有效的方法似乎對他的病人也有效。因此,在研究了這些技術幾年后,他開始把它們提供給寵物。)”可知,F(xiàn)arber作為患者從針灸中受益,這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C。
【26題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代爾的狗查理患有嚴重的心臟病。廷代爾說,查理心臟病發(fā)作后,她準備讓他進入睡眠狀態(tài),但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦,她能夠讓它多活五個月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)報告說,她的馬納皮(Nappy)經(jīng)過脊椎按摩調整后,“行動更容易,乘車更舒服”。) ”可知,本段主要講述了兩個例子,一個是Farber通過整體醫(yī)學方法幫助了患有嚴重心臟病的狗Charlie,另一個是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說明整體醫(yī)學的有效性。故選D。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯確信,隨著時間的推移,綜合療法會越來越受歡迎,如果過去有任何跡象的話,他可能是對的:自1982年以來,美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會的會員已經(jīng)從30個增加到700多個。)”可知,法伯認為綜合療法會越來越受歡迎,隨后作者列舉了美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會的會員已經(jīng)從30個增加到700多個的例子,因此推斷美國整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會是為證明法伯的觀點。故選A。
C
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假說)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是議論文。主要討論了紙質閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學習方式的差異和效果。
【28題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(當閱讀幾百字或更多的文本時,在紙上學習通常比在屏幕上學習更成功。大量的研究證實了這一發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知,在紙上學習更有成效,以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(當實驗人員從提出簡單的任務(如識別閱讀文章的主旨)轉移到需要思維抽象的任務(如從文本中推斷)時)”推知,此處應是表達“當實驗者從簡單的任務轉向需要精神抽象的任務時,紙質閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見”之意,所以shine through應是“顯而易見”之意,和D項意思相近。故選D項。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假說)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同樣重要的是精神層面。閱讀研究人員提出了一個名為“shallowing hypothesis”的理論。根據(jù)這一理論,人們以適合社交媒體的心態(tài)接觸數(shù)字文本,這些文本通常不那么嚴肅,與閱讀印刷品時相比,投入的精神努力也更少)”可知,shallowing hypothesis假設讀者在閱讀數(shù)字文本時會持有一種輕松的心態(tài),不會像閱讀紙質書籍那樣投入太多的心理努力。故選A項。
【30題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Audio (音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音頻和視頻可能比文本更具吸引力,因此大學教師越來越多地轉向這些技術,例如分配在線講座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知,音頻和視頻比文本更能吸引學生的注意力,所以大學教師越來越多地使用這些技術。故選A項。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻都具有教育作用,尤其是在提供印刷品中無法獲得的資源時。然而,為了在需要精神集中和反思的情況下最大限度地學習,教育工作者不應假定所有媒體都是相同的,即使它們包含相同的單詞)”可知,盡管數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻在教育中有一定作用,但當需要精神集中和反思以最大化學習時,教育者不應假定所有媒體都是相同的,即使它們包含相同的單詞。這表明作者認為紙質文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代,因此暗示紙質文本在教育中的重要性。故選C項。
D
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏見,建議應用程序引導公民科學家獲取更好的數(shù)據(jù)。
【32題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天,大多數(shù)生物多樣性記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄的形式出現(xiàn)。)”可知,現(xiàn)在收集的物種記錄大多是以電子形式存在的。故選B。
【33題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (這些觀察結果現(xiàn)在超過了來自物理標本的原始數(shù)據(jù),而且由于我們越來越多地使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種如何應對全球變化,我想知道:它們有用嗎?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru說“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面,比如公民科學家更有可能拍攝開花植物的照片,而不是它旁邊的草!)”可知,Daru的研究聚焦于觀察數(shù)據(jù),即人們通過移動應用記錄的物種觀察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。
【34題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru說“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面,比如公民科學家更有可能拍攝開花植物的照片,而不是它旁邊的草!)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 這是有道理的,因為在移動設備上獲得觀察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常是公民科學家,他們記錄了他們在附近地區(qū)與物種的接觸。)”可知,導致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的原因是采樣方式的不當。故選C。
【35題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多樣性應用程序可以使用我們的'研究結果來告知用戶樣本過多的地區(qū),并將他們引導到樣本不足的地方,甚至是物種。為了提高觀測數(shù)據(jù)的質量,生物多樣性應用程序還可以鼓勵用戶讓專家確認他們上傳的圖像的身份。)”可知,Daru 建議生物多樣性應用應該給公民科學家提供指導。故選D。
第二節(jié) (共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, its vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同義詞詞典). I dont trust my laptops spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but Im old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, its not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, theres nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I dont often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still dont want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries dont always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語詞典的經(jīng)驗和心得以及從中獲得的樂趣。
【36題詳解】
上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想發(fā)表,提交一份完美的、專業(yè)的手稿是至關重要的)”提到了完美的、專業(yè)的手稿的重要性,手稿中不能有語法和拼寫錯誤是專業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(這意味著語法正確,沒有拼寫錯誤。)”是對手稿要求的進一步解釋說明,符合題意。故選F項。
【37題詳解】
上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫檢查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(當然,現(xiàn)在有很多在線詞典和同義詞庫,但我是一個守舊的人,更喜歡精裝的書和能用手指翻閱的書頁。)”提到了作者更喜歡實體書和能用手指翻閱的書頁,說明電子設備可能不會考慮上下文,所以B選項“It takes no account of the context.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因,具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項。
【38題詳解】
下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它應該給出每個單詞的精確定義,從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開來。它通常還會顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能,E選項“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(當然,字典不僅僅是用來拼寫的。)”提到了字典的部分功能,能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項。
【39題詳解】
下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而,如果我需要檢查一個單詞的來源或查找其用法的例子,沒有什么比這更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情況,A選項“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不經(jīng)常用這本字典。)”是對字典使用頻率的說明,與下文構成轉折關系。故選A項。
【40題詳解】
上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個定義時寫道:“編字典是件無聊的工作(乏味)!)”提到了編寫字典是件乏味的工作,下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花幾分鐘的時間瀏覽一兩頁是一種有益的體驗。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂趣,D選項“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典讀起來是一種樂趣。)”是作者對字典的評價,與上文的“乏味”形成對比,與上文構成轉折關系。故選D項。
第三部分 語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievement s all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my ____45____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ____46____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I ____47____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____48____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ____49____ her bike and went for a ride. The ____50____: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ____51____. That day, I got ____52____ by about 100 “l(fā)ocal” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ____53____.
I’ve ____54____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence
46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason
47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with
48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved
49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked
50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice
51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges
52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped
53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。它詳細敘述了作者在不同階段對不同運動(跑步和騎自行車)的興趣和經(jīng)歷,并通過這些經(jīng)歷反映了作者的成長和心理變化。
【41題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我十幾歲的時候,一個鄰居朋友贏得了馬拉松比賽。A. knew知道;B. held抓;C. won贏得;D. quit退出。根據(jù)后文“Feeling motivated”可知,作者有了動力,所以此處應是一個鄰居朋友贏得了馬拉松比賽。故選C項。
【42題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:有了動力,我開始定期跑步,但后來發(fā)生了兩件事。A. regularly有規(guī)律地;B. silently默默地;C. proudly自豪地;D. recently最近。根據(jù)前文“Feeling motivated” 可知,作者有了動力,所以應是定期跑步,符合語境。故選A項。
【43題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:首先,有一天我遇到的一個女孩告訴我,她正在為“超級”馬拉松訓練,指的是52.4英里的雙馬拉松。A. asking要求;B. looking看;C. waiting等待;D. training訓練。根據(jù)后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,女孩要跑雙馬拉松,所以此處應是為之訓練,符合語境。故選D項。
【44題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:說實話,我討厭它!A. made制作;B. believed相信;C. hated討厭;D. deserved值得。根據(jù)前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者最長跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道,所以是討厭這個成績。故選C項。
【45題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在那個女孩面前,我的成就顯得微不足道,再加上慢跑的無聊,我決定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage優(yōu)勢;B. achievement成就;C. contribution貢獻;D. influence影響。根據(jù)前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知,作者最長跑了15 miles,而女孩在為52.4 miles做訓練,所以應是作者的成就微不足道。故選B項。
【46題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在那個女孩面前,我的成就顯得微不足道,再加上慢跑的無聊,我決定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式;B. risk風險;C. place地方;D. reason理由。根據(jù)后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知,有一只大狗在追“我”,“我”才會再跑步,這里說的是跑步的原因。故選D項。
【47題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意:所以我開始騎自行車。A. gave up放棄;B. went on繼續(xù);C. turned to轉向;D. dealt with處理。根據(jù)前文“I decided that the only 6 Id ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知,作者決定放棄跑步,所以此處應是轉向騎自行車。故選C項。
【48題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我夢想著參加自行車比賽,直到我飛到圣地亞哥去看我妹妹。A. heard聽到;B. dreamed夢想;C. complained抱怨;D. approved批準。根據(jù)后文“of entering cycle races”結合選項可知,此處應是作者夢想著參加自行車比賽,符合語境。故選B項。
【49題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:有一天她上班的時候,我借了她的自行車去兜風。A. painted把……描繪成;B. borrowed借;C. bought買;D. parked停(車)。根據(jù)前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知,作者去看妹妹,所以要去騎行的話,應是向妹妹借自行車。故選B項。
【50題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:問題是:那里的道路穿過很大的山谷,我一次要騎上坡好幾英里。A. problem問題;B. secret秘密;C. principle原則;D. advice建議。根據(jù)后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 .”可知,作者要騎上坡好幾英里,這對他來說,是一個問題。故選A項。
【51題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我從來沒有遇到過這樣的挑戰(zhàn)。A. dangers危險;B. events事件;C. opponents對手;D. challenges挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)前文“The 10 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,作者要騎上坡好幾英里,這對他來說是一個挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項。
【52題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:。那天,我被大約100個習慣了這種道路的“當?shù)亍彬T自行車的人超過了。A. passed超過;B. convinced說服;C. admired欣賞;D. stopped阻止。根據(jù)前文“I’d never faced such 11 .”可知,作者騎上坡好幾英里是個挑戰(zhàn),所以是被很多人超過。故選A項。
【53題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:當我回到家,突然騎自行車似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信賴的;B. convenient方便的;C. familiar熟悉的;D. appealing吸引人的。根據(jù)前文“That day, I got 12 by about 100 “l(fā)ocal” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知,作者那天騎行被100多人超過,所以此時是覺得騎自行車似乎不那么吸引人了。故選D項。
【54題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:從那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行;B. matured (情感和認識)成熟;C. missed思念;D. worried擔心。根據(jù)后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知,作者不再輕易放棄,所以是成熟了很多。故選B項。
【55題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我已經(jīng)開始接受這樣一個事實:無論我為自己設定什么目標,它們都必須是我自己的。A. limits限制;B. dates日期;C. goals目標;D. tests測試。根據(jù)后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知,此處應是“無論我為自己設定什么目標,它們都必須是我自己的”,符合語境。故選C項。
第二節(jié) (共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (鋁). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
【答案】56. engineering
57. functional
58. to give
59. closed 60. walks
61 the 62. favorites
63. as 64. which##that
65. richness
【解析】
【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一個新項目——一個位于國家信托基金會伍爾貝丁花園邊緣的動態(tài)溫室,并詳細描述了該溫室的設計、功能、以及它如何與絲綢之路的歷史和絲綢之路花園相結合。
【56題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:最新的工程技術被用來創(chuàng)造一個同樣美麗的保護功能結構。根據(jù)句意可知,空處考查短語engineering techniques,意為“工程技術”,符合句意。故填engineering。
【57題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:最新的工程技術被用來創(chuàng)造一個同樣美麗的保護功能結構?仗幮揎椕~structure,應用形容詞作定語functional,符合題意。故填functional。
【58題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:溫室在溫暖日子里開放,利用液壓系統(tǒng)為內(nèi)部植物提供陽光和通風。use sth. to do sth.為固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空處應用動詞不定式形式作賓語補足語。故填to give。
【59題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:然后在寒冷的天氣里,這個結構保持關閉,以保護亞熱帶植物。空處用于stays之后作表語,應用形容詞closed,表示“緊閉的”,符合題意。故填closed。
【60題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:此外,圍繞溫室的絲綢之路花園帶領游客走過一段受古絲綢之路影響的旅程。walk sb. through,意為“帶領某人穿過……”,空處為本句謂語動詞,根據(jù)上文可知,本句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,主語the Silk Route Garden為單數(shù),謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填walks。
【61題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意:亞洲和歐洲之間的貿(mào)易路線第一次為英國帶來了絲綢、香料和許多植物。固定搭配:for the first time,意為“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
【62題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:這些植物包括現(xiàn)代西方最受喜愛的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可數(shù)名詞,意為“特別受喜愛的東西”,根據(jù)空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空處應用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填favorites。
【63題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:Mark Woodruff補充說:“這是當代設計的最高成就,在絲綢之路的盡頭,中國亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場,這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國,定義了英國園藝的豐富和榮耀!备鶕(jù)句意可知,空處指的是“作為”,應用介詞as。故填as。
【64題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意:Mark Woodruff補充說:“這是當代設計的最高成就,在絲綢之路的盡頭,中國亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場,這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國,定義了英國園藝的豐富和榮耀!笨仗幰龑拗菩远ㄕZ從句,修飾先行詞design,先行詞指物,關系詞在定語從句中作主語,用關系代詞which或that引導從句。故填which/that。
【65題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:Mark Woodruff補充說:“這是當代設計的最高成就,在絲綢之路的盡頭,中國亞熱帶西南部的植物群從溫帶的歐洲穿過山脈、干旱的土地和高山牧場,這些植物從亞洲的原生棲息地帶到英國,定義了英國園藝的豐富和榮耀!笨仗幣cglory并列,應用名詞形式richness,作介詞of的賓語。故填richness。
第四部分 寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié) (滿分15分)
66. 假定你是李華,上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術課。請你給英國朋友Chris寫一封郵件分享這次經(jīng)歷,內(nèi)容包括:
。1)你完成的作品;
。2)你的感想。
注意:
(1)寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右;
(2)請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.
In a word, It was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導語】本篇是應用文寫作。要求考生給Chris寫一封信, 分享在公園上美術課的經(jīng)歷。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
決定:decide→determine
整個的:entire→whole
提供:offer→provide
總之:in a word→in short
2. 句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句:Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
拓展句:Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.
【點睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引導的定語從句)
[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引導的時間狀語從句)
第二節(jié) (滿分25分)
67. 閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (隊列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."
注意:
(1)續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150個左右;
。2)請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】參考范文
Para 1
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.
Para 2
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.
【解析】
【導語】本文以人物為線索展開,講述了作者在一次因風暴延誤的旅途中,匆忙搭乘出租車前往車站趕最后一班去布拉格的公共汽車。司機岡特不熟悉車站位置,通過電話求助后順利抵達。到達時作者卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沒帶現(xiàn)金,嘗試用葡萄牙銀行卡支付沒有成功,而車站的取款機也故障了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫:
、儆傻谝欢问拙鋬(nèi)容“我跑回到岡特那里,告訴他這個壞消息!笨芍,第一段可描寫作者留下岡特的電話,承諾會還錢給對方,岡特同意,最終作者及時登上了公共汽車。
、谟傻诙问拙鋬(nèi)容“四天后,當我回到維也納時,我按照承諾給岡特打了電話!笨芍诙慰擅鑼懽髡吒顿M給岡特,并向對方表示感激,兩人成為了好朋友。
2.續(xù)寫線索:作者給出解決辦法——承諾還錢——岡特同意——作者登上公共汽車——履行承諾還錢——兩人成為朋友
3.詞匯激活
行為類
、倬芙^:reject/refuse
、诮o某人擁抱:give sb. a hug/embrace sb.
、塾浵,寫下:write down/set down
情緒類
①難以置信地:in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably
、陂_心地:happily/joyfully
【點睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.(運用了where引導的限制性定語從句)
【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.(運用了when引導的時間狀語從句,that引導的限制性定語從句)
2024年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(新課標Ⅱ卷)
英語
本試卷共12頁?荚嚱Y束后, 將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項: 1. 答題前, 考生先將自己的姓名、準考證號碼填寫清楚, 將條形碼準確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。
2. 選擇題必須使用 2B 鉛筆填涂; 非選擇題必須使用 0.5 毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫, 字體工整、筆跡清楚。
3. 請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答, 超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效; 在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。
4. 作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出, 確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。
5. 保持卡面清潔, 不要折疊, 不要弄破、弄皺, 不準使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。
第一部分 聽力(1—20 小題)在筆試結束后進行。
注意事項: 英語聽力共兩節(jié),20小題,每小題1.5分,滿分30分。
第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是 C。
1. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
What did the woman do yesterday evening?
A. She watched TV. B. She went shopping. C. She attended a show.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Did you watch the talent show on TV last night?
W: No, I missed it. I went with my mom to buy some clothes.
2. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
What is the man’s suggestion?
A. Taking a rest. B. Going for a coffee. C. Having a snack.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I love this park. It’s so beautiful.
M: It surely is. Are you tired? Shall we stop by the lake for a few minutes?
W: Good idea. Let’s go to that cafe for a little refreshment.
3. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A weekend plan. B. A wedding invitation. C. A business deal.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Tom, shall we invite the Smiths around for dinner this Sunday?
M: Sure, but I need to pack for Monday’s business trip. What about Saturday?
W: Okay.
4. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
Where is Barbara going tonight?
A. To a gym. B. To her grandma’s. C. To the doctor’s.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Barbara, do you want to play table tennis with us tonight?
W: I’d love to, but I can’t. I’m catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma. I need to take her to visit a doctor tomorrow morning.
5. 【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
What is Alex doing?
A. He’s having breakfast. B. He’s feeding a cat. C. He’s reading a book.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Alex, did you feed the cat this morning? I don’t think she can wait.
M: All right. After I finish this chapter, I just can’t let go of this book.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘:聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
6. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a fitness center. B. In a sports shop. C. In a clinic.
7. What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Buy high-quality sportswear.
B. Keep working out regularly.
C. Avoid over-exercising.
【答案】53. A 54. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Miss, do you need any help?
W: I want to get fit, but exercise doesn’t seem to help.
M: What kind of exercise have you done before?
W: I did jogging now and then but it was so boring, so I changed to weightlifting. But it was so demanding, and I was afraid of getting injured, so I went bike riding.
M: Oh, I see. You need to be consistent. I suggest you do different kinds of exercise on one day or on different days of the week. This will help hold your interest, so you can keep coming back.
聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻,請去附件查看】
8. Why does the man make the call?
A. To reserve a table. B. To ask about a party. C. To postpone a meeting.
9. What time should the man arrive on Friday evening?
A. At 5:30. B. At 6:30. C. At 8:00.
10. What is the man’s name?
A. Brown. B. Anderson. C. Howard.
【答案】55. A 56. C 57. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Brown’s Grill. How may I help you?
M: Hi, I’d like to book a table for Friday evening.
W: Okay, how many people are there in your party?
M: There will be six.
W: And what time would you like to come?
M: Let’s say at... 6:30.
W: I’m afraid we don’t have anything available then. We could see you at 5:30 or 8:00.
M: Oh, 8:00 is better.
W: Fine. May I have your name?
M: Yes, it’s Anderson.
W: Thank you. We’ll see you on Friday. By the way, we’ve moved to Howard Street.
M: Oh, yeah, I know. Thanks.
聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
11. Why does Sarah come to talk to Jacob?
A. To make an appointment. B. To seek his advice. C. To explain a decision.
12. How many people are there in Sarah’s group?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
13. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student.
【答案】58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Jacob, do you have a minute now?
M: Sure.
W: Well, it’s not easy to say, but I have to tell you, you’re not in our group for the class project.
M: Sarah, what do you mean? You know, I’m always in a group with you.
W: I know, it’s just that this time..., this time we made the group differently. And because you were late, we’ve already made the group. See, there are four of us already.
M: so? we can’t be a group of five?
W: Well, Professor North said there should be no more than four people in each group. It’s not about you or your work or anything like that.
M: Okay, but please count me in next time.
聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻,請去附件查看】
14. How often does the band come to perform in the park?
A. Three times a year. B. Once a year. C. Every other year.
15. What kind of music will be played this evening?
A. Country music. B. Jazz. C. Rock and roll.
16. What will Jannie do next?
A. Catch a bus. B. Listen to a lecture. C. Go to the library.
【答案】61. B 62. A 63. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Jannie, where are you going?
W: To the library.
M: There is a music concert in Victoria Park at 4 o’clock. Do you want to go?
W: Yes, Professor Darwin’s lecture is cancelled. I’m free this evening.
M: Great. The band plays pretty good music. For the last 3 years, I have never missed it.
W: How long ago did the band start playing in the park?
M: I think it was 5 years ago. Every year they arrive the first week of July and play for a week. You’re sure to enjoy this evening. There will be good country music.
W: My favorite is rock and roll, but I have to say that country music can be quite beautiful sometimes.
M: I like all kinds of music, especially jazz. Oh, Jannie, we have to go now.
W: Why? There’s plenty of time.
M: Many people are heading to the park. The traffic will be terrible.
W: All right, but I have to return these books first.
M: Okay. I’ll be waiting for you at the bus station.
聽下面一段獨白,回答以下小題!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻,請去附件查看】
17. Why did the speaker go to the hotel?
A. To deliver a speech.
B. To arrange a conference.
C. To interview Mr. Rochester.
18. What did Mr. Rochester do soon after he bought the hotel?
A. He talked with the staff members.
B. He had the old carpets replaced.
C. He ran a six-month training project.
19. What did Susan do when she met Mr. Rochester the second time?
A. She was a cleaner. B. She was a secretary. C. She was a receptionist.
20. What does the speaker think is key to Mr. Rochester’s success?
A. Managing time efficiently.
B. Valuing human relationships.
C. Possessing a good memory.
【答案】64. B 65. A 66. C 67. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Good morning, everyone. This lesson is a part of our leadership series. Let me start by sharing a story of Richard Rochester, one of the most successful businessmen in Britain. Years ago, I was given the task of organizing a conference in the south of England. I chose a five-star hotel owned by Rochester as the venue. Susan, the receptionist, helped me arrange everything perfectly. Once when we were chatting, I asked Susan if she’d ever met Mr. Rochester. She said yes. Shortly after Mr. Rochester bought the hotel, he made an appointment to see the hotel manager. When he arrived, the first person he met was Susan, who was cleaning the carpet. He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment with the manager. He spent all day at the hotel talking with each member of the staff, from the top guy to the lady who cleaned the toilets. Six months later, Mr. Rochester paid another visit. Susan had been promoted to receptionist, but he recognized her immediately and addressed her by name. He even remembered that she had a little girl and what her name was. Now, I don’t believe that Richard Rochester has that good memory. He must have written a lot of notes after his first visit and read them over again before that second visit. It’s time-consuming, but it shows the importance he places on human relationships. I think that’s one of the secrets of his success.
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié), 滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15 小題; 每小題 2.5 分, 滿分 37.5分)
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1 — The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手電筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
1. Which walk takes the shortest time?
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What do the four walks have in common?
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了參加卡洛秋季徒步節(jié)的幾種步行方案,及其日期、起點和步行時間等相關細節(jié)。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。通讀全文,根據(jù)文章所給出的四種方案中的“Walk Duration (步行時間)”部分比較可知,“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基爾布蘭尼什森林攝影步行)”的步行時間是1.5小時,用時最短。故選D項。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿著不當?shù)娜藢⒈痪芙^參加)”可知,第三種步行方案的參與者需要穿合適的衣服。故選A項。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四種步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和時間)”部分比較可知,這四種方案都被安排在周末。故選D項。
B
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
4. Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
6. What has Trost been doing recently?
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng)(BART)推出自動售貨亭提供短篇故事打印服務,旨在滿足乘客閱讀需求,提升出行體驗,Trost認為此舉措能吸引更多乘客,對BART的未來持樂觀態(tài)度,預期乘客量將會增長。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““You enter the fare gates (檢票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng)(BART)首席通訊官Alicia Trost表示:“你進入檢票口,會看到一個亮著燈的信息亭,它告訴你可以得到一分鐘、三分鐘或五分鐘的報道。你可以選擇你想要的長度,它會給你一個類似收據(jù)的短篇故事!)”可知,BART啟動信息亭是為了滿足乘客在乘車過程中的閱讀需求,為他們提供不同長度的短篇故事或詩歌來打發(fā)時間。故選C項。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以選擇你想要的長度,它會給你一個類似收據(jù)的短篇故事)”可知,信息亭中的故事按長度分類,乘客可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長度的故事。故選B項。
【6題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我們想做一些事情,呼吁灣區(qū)的藝術家為比賽提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(獲獎故事會進入我們的書報亭,然后你就會成為一名出版藝術家)”可知,Trost最近在組織一個故事競賽,向灣區(qū)的藝術家征集故事,獲勝作品將被放入書報亭供乘客閱讀。故選A項。
【7題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她說:“歸根結底,所有的交通機構現(xiàn)在都在盡一切努力改善乘客體驗。所以我絕對認為,我們會因為短篇小說而吸引更多的乘客!)”可知,Trost認為通過提升乘客體驗,包括提供短篇故事閱讀服務,BART可以吸引更多的乘客,乘客量將會增加。故選D項。
C
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
9. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
10. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
11. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(BMF)的一些主要優(yōu)勢,包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。
【8題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇,但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(BMF)甚至縮短了旅程)”可知,巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(BMF)進一步縮短了從農(nóng)場到餐桌的距離。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外,還有一個便捷的應用程序,可以實時提供增長數(shù)據(jù))”可知,這個便捷的應用程序提供了植物生長的實時數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里,他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示:“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學品!)”可知,BMF員工具有強烈的環(huán)保意識。故選D。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇,但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(BMF)甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通過云連接,對BMF進行遠程監(jiān)控。此外,還有一個方便的應用程序可以實時提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的,因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水,而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里,他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示:“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學品。”)”可知,文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(BMF)的一些主要優(yōu)勢,包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。
D
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一書。該書作為應對AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實用指南,以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景,強調控制AI的重要性,呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展,以防潛在危機。
【12題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代碼) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (這樣一本書可能會像驅動人工智能的計算機代碼一樣復雜,但值得慶幸的是,坎貝爾有20多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗,可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實際角度而不是學者的角度出發(fā),撰寫了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南,讀完后會讓你覺得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知,坎貝爾撰寫的這本書是通俗易懂的,如果別人寫這本書的話可能就不是這樣了,推測劃線短語表示 “如果是由能力較差的人寫的”。故選C項。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得慶幸的是,坎貝爾有20多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗,可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實際角度而不是學者的角度出發(fā),撰寫了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南,讀完后會讓你覺得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知,坎貝爾在書中將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉化為可理解的內(nèi)容,這本書的特點是通俗易懂,推測它采用了接地氣的寫作風格。故選B項。
【14題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她說,我們必須保持對人工智能的控制,否則就有被邊緣化甚至更糟的風險)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我們需要考慮我們希望人工智能的未來如何發(fā)展。這種結構化的思維,加上全球監(jiān)管,將使我們走向偉大,而不是走向衰敗)”可知,坎貝爾敦促人們保持對人工智能的控制,考慮人工智能的未來應如何發(fā)展,所以關于人工智能的發(fā)展,坎貝爾敦促人們共同努力將其控制住。故選C項。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (變革). (考慮到人工智能改變我們生活的驚人潛力,我們都需要采取行動來應對人工智能驅動的未來,這正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地?ㄌ乩飱W娜·坎貝爾撰寫的這本引人入勝的`新書是一本實用的路線圖,旨在應對即將到來的人工智能革命帶來的挑戰(zhàn))”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能將影響我們所有人,如果你只讀一本關于這個主題的書,那就是這本書)”可知,本文主要介紹了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一書,該書作為應對AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實用指南,以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景,強調控制AI的重要性,呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展,以防潛在危機,所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是推薦一本關于人工智能的書。故選A項。
第二節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題2.5分, 滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (榮幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【導語】本文為一篇說明文,介紹了如何避免“過度旅游”的現(xiàn)象。
【16題詳解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促進理解,擴展我們的思想,使我們成為更好的人,促進當?shù)亟?jīng)濟和社區(qū),但旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導致了某些地區(qū)和目的地的過度旅游)”表明旅游帶來了一些問題,后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在當今世界,失去旅行所能提供的東西將是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行,結合后文“Certainly not.(當然不)”可知,空處提問能否停止旅行,D選項“那么,我們應該停止旅行嗎?”符合語境。故選B。
【17題詳解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客過多的目的地是有原因的:它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關于同一個地方的帖子,很容易讓你覺得你錯過了。只有當風景、文化或食物深深吸引你時,才去某個地方)”表明不要跟風旅游,C選項“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關注自己在旅行時的感受,忠實自己的感受,不用管其余的建議,符合語境。故選C。
【18題詳解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(這意味著你有很多不太受歡迎的選擇)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 為什么不嘗試一個地區(qū)性的選擇,或者看看一個熱門目的地不太為人所知的景點呢)”提出建議,可以選擇一些冷門的景點,E選項“你仍然可以找到相對未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方”符合語境。故選E。
19題詳解】
空處為小標題,根據(jù)后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通過跳過重大節(jié)假日或高峰時間來最小化影響并最大化體驗)”表示旅游時要注意避開高峰期,選擇合適的時間,A選項“在非高峰時間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。
【20題詳解】
前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(盡你的一份力,從一開始就保護一個目的地的特別之處)”表明旅游時應保護旅游景點,后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)你和那里的人感覺如此親近)”表示這樣做的感受,G選項“考慮回饋你所訪問的社區(qū)”承上啟下,符合語境。故選G。
第三部分 語言運用(共兩節(jié), 滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題1分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didnt think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___21___, Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___26___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. Its these small ___28___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___29___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ____30____, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever ____34____ life in Italy might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test
26. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed
27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order
28. A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties
29. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth
30. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale
31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied
34. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities
35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者十年前選擇在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的風土人情。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:我喜歡在法國旅行,但當談到選擇我最喜歡的定居地點時,意大利顯然是贏家。A. study學習;B. rent租金;C. visit游覽;D. settle定居。根據(jù)下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知,此處指作者最喜歡的定居地點。故選D。
【22題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析,句意:在我第一次訪問意大利時,我很難問路或在餐館點餐。A. planned計劃;B. struggled斗爭、吃力地進行;C. refused拒絕;D. happened出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生。根據(jù)上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知,此處指作者第一次到意大利,語言不通,很難溝通交流。故選B。
【23題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析,句意:我試著把一個意大利語句子串在一起,當?shù)厝藢ξ椅⑿,稱贊我的語言技能。A. string串起、連成一串;B. hang懸掛;C. mix混合;D. match配對。根據(jù)下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知,此處指作者努力想用意大利語串成一句話。故選A。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析,句意:我試著把一個意大利語句子串在一起,當?shù)厝藢ξ椅⑿ΓQ贊我的語言技能。A. improved改進;B. assessed評估;C. admired欽佩;D. praised贊揚。根據(jù)上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知,此處指作者嘗試說意大利語,當?shù)厝速潛P作者的語言能力。故選D。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:這種鼓勵幫助我克服了語言障礙。A.course課程;B. barrier障礙;C. area區(qū)域;D. test測試。根據(jù)上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知,此處指當?shù)厝藢ψ髡叩墓膭顜椭朔苏Z言障礙。故選B。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析,句意:當我把意大利作為永久的家后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)了意大利人是多么的熱情。A. open-minded思想開明的;B. strong-willed思想堅定的;C. warm-hearted熱心的;D. well-informed見多識廣的。根據(jù)下文鄰居的熱心行為“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知,此處指鄰居是熱情的。故選C。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析,句意:鄰居們會給我?guī)硇迈r的奶酪,還會在下雨的時候來我家門前提醒我關上車窗。A. remind提醒;B. allow允許;C. persuade說服;D. order命令。根據(jù)上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知,此處指熱心的鄰居在下雨的時候來作者家門前提醒他關上車窗。故選A。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:正是這些小小的善舉讓一個新國家有家的感覺。A. tricks技巧;B. promises承諾;C. acts行為;D. duties職責。根據(jù)上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知,此處指鄰居們的善舉。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:作為一個美食家,通往我內(nèi)心的路是通過我的胃,沒有什么地方能像意大利那樣刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心;B. success成功;C. appetite食欲;D. growth發(fā)育。根據(jù)上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知,此處指做這是一個美食家,所以應該是刺激食欲。故選C。
【30題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:每個城鎮(zhèn)都有自己的傳統(tǒng)菜肴,每個家庭都保存著代代相傳的食譜。A. costume服裝;B. dish菜肴;C. symbol符號;D. tale故事。根據(jù)上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知,此處指意大利各地都有傳統(tǒng)菜肴。故選B。
【31題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析,句意:一家人在星期天、生日以及他們能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合;B. cheer歡呼;C. leave留下;D. wait等待。根據(jù)上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知,此處指一家人聚集在一起吃飯。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析,句意:一家人在星期天、生日以及他們能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服;B. stand up for支持;C. come up with想出;D. make up for彌補。根據(jù)上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知,此處指家人們?yōu)榱司墼谝黄鸪燥埗氤龅睦碛。故選C。
【33題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析,句意:這些飯菜總是伴隨著笑聲和喜悅。A. signaled示意;B. confirmed確認;C. represented 代表;D. accompanied伴隨。根據(jù)下文“by laughter and joy”可推知,此處指家人們在一起用餐時伴隨著歡聲笑語。固定搭配“accompany by”譯為“伴隨”。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析,句意:無論意大利的生活有什么缺點,一旦你和朋友和家人坐下來吃頓大餐,這些問題就會被遺忘。A. disadvantages缺點;B. meanings含義;C. surprises驚喜;D. opportunities機會。根據(jù)上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知,此處指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之處。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析,句意:無論意大利的生活有什么缺點,一旦你和朋友和家人坐下來吃頓大餐,這些問題就會被遺忘。A. created創(chuàng)建;B. forgotten忘記;C. understood理解;D. identified確認。根據(jù)上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知,此處指無論在意大利的生活有什么不如意之處,跟家人們吃一頓飯就會忘記不愉快。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共10 小題; 每小題 1.5 分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入 1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (紀念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】36. who
37. themes 38. were
39. to 40. inspired
41. was built
42. visibility
43. to find
44. Recalling
45. and
【解析】
【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國明代戲曲家湯顯祖與英國戲劇家莎士比亞之間的聯(lián)系和共同點,并展示了這種聯(lián)系如何被紀念和展示在莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)斯特拉特福德,且說明了這種聯(lián)系對于提高斯特拉特福德國際知名度的重要性。
【36題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意:為了紀念被譽為“亞洲莎士比亞”的湯顯祖,中國文化元素為莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了國際化的色彩。這里為定語從句的關系詞,先行詞為“Tang Xianzu”,在非限制性定語從句中擔當主語,表示人,用關系代詞who引導。故填who。
【37題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:莎士比亞故居信托基金會的研究主管Paul Edmondson說,盡管他們從未見過面,但他們的作品中都有共同的主題。本句為“there be”句型,為倒裝句,根據(jù)謂語動詞“are”可判斷,本句主語為名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填themes。
【38題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:“湯顯祖所寫的一些內(nèi)容也是莎士比亞所關心的。我碰巧知道湯顯祖的戲劇《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似!边@里為本句謂語動詞,根據(jù)句意以及定語從句時態(tài)可知,本句時態(tài)為一般過去時;主語為“some of the things”,復數(shù)。故填were。
【39題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意:“湯顯祖所寫的一些內(nèi)容也是莎士比亞所關心的。我碰巧知道湯顯祖的戲劇《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似!惫潭ǘ陶Z:be similar to,意為“和……相似”,符合句意。故填to。
【40題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:兩年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花園落成,該花園距離莎士比亞故居僅十分鐘步行路程,其靈感來自《牡丹亭》。非謂語動詞擔當后置定語,被修飾詞“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和動詞“inspire”之間為被動關系,用過去分詞形式。故填inspired。
【41題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:兩年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花園落成,該花園距離莎士比亞故居僅十分鐘步行路程,其靈感來自《牡丹亭》。這里為本句謂語動詞,根據(jù)時間狀語“Two years later”可知,本句時態(tài)為一般過去時;主語為“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,單數(shù),和動詞“build”之間為被動關系,所以用被動語態(tài)。故填was built。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:Edmondson說,這些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的國際知名度,并補充說,游客們穿過故居花園時,常常驚訝于這兩位偉大作家之間的聯(lián)系。形容詞international后接名詞形式,visibility“知名度”為不可數(shù)名詞作賓語。故填visibility。
【43題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:Edmondson說,這些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的國際知名度,并補充說,游客們穿過故居花園時,常常驚訝于這兩位偉大作家之間的聯(lián)系。非謂語動詞擔當形容詞“amazed”后的原因狀語,用動詞不定式形式。故填to find。
【44題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:回憶起幾年前在上海觀看莎士比亞戲劇《理查三世》的中國版,并遇見前來斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中國演員時,Edmondson說:“聽到中文,看到湯顯祖的戲劇是如何被表演的,非常激動人心!狈侵^語動詞擔當狀語,主語“Edmondson”和動詞“recall”之間為主動關系,用現(xiàn)在分詞形式擔當狀語;出現(xiàn)在句首,首字母大寫。故填Recalling。
【45題詳解】
考查連詞。句意:回憶起幾年前在上海觀看莎士比亞戲劇《理查三世》的中國版,并遇見前來斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中國演員時,Edmondson說:“聽到中文,看到湯顯祖的戲劇是如何被表演的,非常激動人心!笨涨啊癶ear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”為并列結構,用and連接。故填and。
第四部分 寫作(共兩節(jié), 滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
46. 假定你是李華,上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術課。請你給英國朋友Chris寫一封郵件分享這次經(jīng)歷,內(nèi)容包括:
(1)你完成的作品;
。2)你的感想。
注意:
。1)寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右;
。2)請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Chris
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
The entire experience was incredibly refreshing. Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.
In a word, it was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導語】本篇是應用文寫作。要求考生給Chris寫一封信, 分享在公園上美術課的經(jīng)歷。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
決定:decide→determine
整個的:entire→whole
提供:offer→provide
總之:in a word→in short
2. 句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句:Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.
拓展句:Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.
【點睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. (that引導的定語從句)
[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引導的時間狀語從句)
第二節(jié)(滿分25分)
47. 閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadnt heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (隊列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry."
注意:
(1)續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150個左右;
。2)請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】參考范文
Para 1
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. “If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained. “May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you. I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card. Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch. He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.
Para 2
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him. We chatted happily on the way to the airport. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly. I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.
【解析】
【導語】本文以人物為線索展開,講述了作者在一次因風暴延誤的旅途中,匆忙搭乘出租車前往車站趕最后一班去布拉格的公共汽車。司機岡特不熟悉車站位置,通過電話求助后順利抵達。到達時作者卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沒帶現(xiàn)金,嘗試用葡萄牙銀行卡支付沒有成功,而車站的取款機也故障了。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫:
、儆傻谝欢问拙鋬(nèi)容“我跑回到岡特那里,告訴他這個壞消息!笨芍,第一段可描寫作者留下岡特的電話,承諾會還錢給對方,岡特同意,最終作者及時登上了公共汽車。
、谟傻诙问拙鋬(nèi)容“四天后,當我回到維也納時,我按照承諾給岡特打了電話!笨芍诙慰擅鑼懽髡吒顿M給岡特,并向對方表示感激,兩人成為了好朋友。
2.續(xù)寫線索:作者給出解決辦法——承諾還錢——岡特同意——作者登上公共汽車——履行承諾還錢——兩人成為朋友
3.詞匯激活
行為類
、倬芙^:reject/refuse
、诮o某人擁抱:give sb. a hug/embrace sb.
、塾浵,寫下:write down/set down
情緒類
、匐y以置信地:in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably
、陂_心地:happily/joyfully
【點睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.(運用了where引導的限制性定語從句)
【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.(運用了when引導的時間狀語從句,that引導的限制性定語從句)
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