如何鑒賞英語詩歌
英語的詩歌怎么鑒賞?我為各位帶來了下面幾篇英語詩歌,希望對(duì)大家有幫助。
如何鑒賞英語詩歌
一、 詩的格律 “格律是指可以用腳打拍子的節(jié)奏”,是每個(gè)音步輕重音節(jié)排列的格式,也是朗讀時(shí)輕重音的依據(jù).而音步是由重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詩的分析單位.重讀音節(jié)為揚(yáng)(重),在音節(jié)上用“-”或“?”標(biāo)示,非重讀音節(jié)為抑(輕),在音節(jié)上用“?”標(biāo)示,音步之間可用“/”隔開.以下是五種常見格式:
1. 抑揚(yáng)格(輕重格)Iambus:是最常見的一種格式,每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.
As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass,
So deep / in luve / am I :
And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear, Till a` / the seas / gang dry:
Robert Burns(1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose
注;art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go
上例中為四音步與三音步交叉,可標(biāo)示為:
2.揚(yáng)抑格(重輕格)Trochee:每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.
下例中為四音步揚(yáng)抑格(少一個(gè)輕音節(jié)),可標(biāo)示為:
Tyger!/ Tyger!/ burning / bright
In the / forests / of the / night
William Blake: The Tyger
3. 抑抑揚(yáng)格(輕輕重格)Anapaestic foot: 每個(gè)音步由兩個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.如:三音步抑抑揚(yáng)格?-/?-/?-
Like a child / from the womb,
Like a ghost / from the tomb,
I arise / and unbuild / it again.
4. 揚(yáng)抑抑格(重輕輕格)Dactylic foot: 每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)加兩個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.如:兩音步揚(yáng)抑抑格-?/-?
?Touch her not / ?scornfully,
?Think of her / ?mournfully.
- Thomas Hood
5. 抑揚(yáng)抑格(輕重輕格)Amphibrach:每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)再加一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.如:三音步抑揚(yáng)抑格?-?/?-?/?-?下例中最后一個(gè)音步為抑揚(yáng)格.
O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight.
在同一首詩中常會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同的.格律,格律解析對(duì)朗讀詩歌有一定參考價(jià)值.現(xiàn)代詩中常不遵守規(guī)范的格律.
二、 詩的押韻
押韻是指通過重復(fù)元音或輔音以達(dá)到一定音韻效果的詩歌寫作手法.
1. 尾韻:最常見,最重要的押韻方式.
1) 聯(lián)韻:aabb型.
I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For, so swiftly it flew, the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song
2) 交叉韻:abab型.
Sunset and evening star,
And one clear call for me!
And may there be no moaning of the bar,
When I put out to sea,
Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar
3) 同韻:有的詩押韻,一韻到底,大多是在同一節(jié)詩中 共用一個(gè)韻腳.
如下例就共用/i:p/為韻腳.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
Robert Frost (1874-19633): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
2. 頭韻:是指一行(節(jié))詩中幾個(gè)詞開頭的輔音相同,形成押韻.下例中運(yùn)用/f/、/b/與/s/頭韻生動(dòng)寫出了船在海上輕快航行的景象.
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free,
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.
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