動(dòng)詞變名詞的構(gòu)詞法:
一:動(dòng)詞后加or或er變成對(duì)應(yīng)的人,如conduct—conductor ,cook—cooker,drive—driver , edit—editor;
二:動(dòng)詞后加ment,如achieve—achievement, adjust—adjustment , advertise—advisement ,agree—agreement;
三:動(dòng)詞后加tion,如adapt—adaptation,affect—affection,attract—attraction;
四:動(dòng)詞后加sion,如admit –-admission,conclude—conclusion,decide—decision;
五:動(dòng)詞后加-ance/-ence,如allow—allowance,aear—aearance,assist—assistance;
六:動(dòng)詞后加-al,如arrive—arrival,survive—survival;
七:動(dòng)詞后加ing,這個(gè)例子多得沒法數(shù)了。
動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~的方法:
1.詞形不變,詞性改變。例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作動(dòng)詞,也可以用作名詞。
2. 一些動(dòng)詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示“某一類人”的名詞。例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor等。
注意:1)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-r。例如:drive—driver, write—writer等。
2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er。例如:run—runner, win—winner, begin—beginner等。
3. 在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞(方法與動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的`方法相同)。例如: meet—meeting, build—building, wait—waiting, wash—washing, swim—swimming, shop—shopping, begin—beginning等。
動(dòng)名詞的規(guī)則變化:
1.一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞后加-ing (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))work ---- working study ----- studying
2.動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾,要去-e加-ing take ----- taking make ----- making
3.重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞,要雙寫詞尾字母,再加-ing cut ----- cutting put begin
4.以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把變成y再加-ing lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying