二、用法:
have加過去分詞表示動作發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在的影響
had加過去分詞是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作,即動作有先后關系,動作在前的用過去完成時,在后的用一般過去時。
三、常用時間狀語:
have加過去分詞
1、表示到現(xiàn)在為止:already ,yet ,just ,ever, never ,before ,since ,so far, until now ,by now ,up to now.
2、表示最近:recentl,lately in the past/last few years
3、包含現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語:this morning/afternoon,all the year ,all day
had加過去分詞
分兩種情況:
由時間狀語來判定
與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有:
1、如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
2、如:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
3、 before + 過去的時間點。
如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday
由“過去的過去”來判定。
1、當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時,且從句的動作先于主句的動作時,從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
如:She said that she had seen the film before.
2、狀語從句中
在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中,主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關系,動作在前的,要用過去完成時,動作在后的要用一般過去時。
如:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意: before, after 引導的時間狀語從句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關系,若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過去時。
如:After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
3、表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.